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ROCKS.pptx

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Sangeeth Sivadas

The document discusses the classification and formation of different rock types. It describes three main classes of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compacted sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, or chemical processes. Rocks are constantly changing and being recycled through geological processes in the rock cycle, where they can transition between the three main classes over long periods of time.

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Types of Rocks SANGEETH M SIVADAS ASST.PROFESSOR IN GEOGRAPHY YUVAKSHETRA COLLEGE, PALAKKAD
ROCKS Rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple sub disciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy.
CLASSIFICATION Rocks are composed primarily of grains of minerals, which are crystalline solids formed from atoms chemically bonded into an orderly structure. Some rocks also contain mineraloids, which are rigid, mineral-like substances, such as volcanic glass, that lacks crystalline structure. The types and abundance of minerals in a rock are determined by the manner in which it was formed. Most rocks contain silicate minerals, compounds that include silica tetrahedra in their crystal lattice, and account for about one-third of all known mineral species and about 95% of the earth's crust. The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties.
Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size. These physical properties are the result of the processes that formed the rocks. Over the course of time, rocks can be transformed from one type into another, as described by a geological model called the rock cycle. This transformation produces three general classes of rock: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by digenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
ROCKS.pptx
Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories: Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth's crust. A common example of this type is granite. Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta, forming minerals such as pumice or basalt.
ROCKS.pptx
Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils. Sedimentary rocks form under the influence of gravity and typically are deposited in horizontal or near horizontal layers or strata, and may be referred to as stratified rocks. Sediment and the particles of clastic sedimentary rocks can be further classified by grain size. The smallest sediments are clay, followed by silt, sand, and gravel. Some systems include cobbles and boulders as measurements.
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it What and how are the rocks?
The three major classes of metamorphic rock are based upon the formation mechanism. An intrusion of magma that heats the surrounding rock causes Contact metamorphism a temperature- dominated transformation. Pressure metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deep under the ground; pressure is dominant, and temperature plays a smaller role. This is termed burial metamorphism, and it can result in rocks such as jade. Where both heat and pressure play a role, the mechanism is termed Regional metamorphism. This is typically found in mountain-building regions.
Though most understanding of rocks comes from those of Earth, rocks make up many of the universe's celestial bodies. In the Solar System, Mars, Venus, and Mercury are composed of rock, as are many natural satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids. Meteorites that fall to Earth provide evidence of extraterrestrial rocks and their composition. They are typically heavier than rocks on Earth. Asteroid rocks can also be brought to Earth through space missions, such as the Hayabusa mission. EXTRATERRESTRIAL ROCKS
Rocks never remain the same, and they are always changing with time. The Rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes the time-consuming transitions through geologic time. Rocks are constantly being recycled and going through several processes of chemical and physical changes. This cycle of rock formation and wearing out is constantly recycled the earths minerals. The rock cycle is nothing but a process by which rocks of one type with certain characteristics change into rocks of another kind. ROCK CYCLE
ROCKS.pptx
Rock Cycle: Transition to Igneous When rocks are pushed deep under the earths surface, they may melt into magma. If the conditions no longer exist for the magma to stay in its liquid state, it will solidify into an igneous rock. Rock Cycle: Transition to Metamorphic The rock exposed to high temperatures and pressures can be changed physically or chemically to form a different rock, called metamorphic. Rock Cycle: Transition to Sedimentary Rocks exposed to the atmosphere are very unstable and subject to the processes of weathering and erosion. This process breaks the original rock down into smaller fragments and carries away dissolved materials. Sedimentary rocks form from deposits that accumulate on the Earths surface.
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by 際際滷sgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks! Do you have any questions? sangeethms2007@gmail.com | +91 9567585484, + 91 8075707742

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ROCKS.pptx

  • 1. Types of Rocks SANGEETH M SIVADAS ASST.PROFESSOR IN GEOGRAPHY YUVAKSHETRA COLLEGE, PALAKKAD
  • 2. ROCKS Rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple sub disciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy.
  • 3. CLASSIFICATION Rocks are composed primarily of grains of minerals, which are crystalline solids formed from atoms chemically bonded into an orderly structure. Some rocks also contain mineraloids, which are rigid, mineral-like substances, such as volcanic glass, that lacks crystalline structure. The types and abundance of minerals in a rock are determined by the manner in which it was formed. Most rocks contain silicate minerals, compounds that include silica tetrahedra in their crystal lattice, and account for about one-third of all known mineral species and about 95% of the earth's crust. The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties.
  • 4. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size. These physical properties are the result of the processes that formed the rocks. Over the course of time, rocks can be transformed from one type into another, as described by a geological model called the rock cycle. This transformation produces three general classes of rock: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
  • 5. Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by digenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
  • 7. Igneous rocks are divided into two main categories: Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth's crust. A common example of this type is granite. Volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta, forming minerals such as pumice or basalt.
  • 9. Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils. Sedimentary rocks form under the influence of gravity and typically are deposited in horizontal or near horizontal layers or strata, and may be referred to as stratified rocks. Sediment and the particles of clastic sedimentary rocks can be further classified by grain size. The smallest sediments are clay, followed by silt, sand, and gravel. Some systems include cobbles and boulders as measurements.
  • 10. You can enter a subtitle here if you need it What and how are the rocks?
  • 11. The three major classes of metamorphic rock are based upon the formation mechanism. An intrusion of magma that heats the surrounding rock causes Contact metamorphism a temperature- dominated transformation. Pressure metamorphism occurs when sediments are buried deep under the ground; pressure is dominant, and temperature plays a smaller role. This is termed burial metamorphism, and it can result in rocks such as jade. Where both heat and pressure play a role, the mechanism is termed Regional metamorphism. This is typically found in mountain-building regions.
  • 12. Though most understanding of rocks comes from those of Earth, rocks make up many of the universe's celestial bodies. In the Solar System, Mars, Venus, and Mercury are composed of rock, as are many natural satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids. Meteorites that fall to Earth provide evidence of extraterrestrial rocks and their composition. They are typically heavier than rocks on Earth. Asteroid rocks can also be brought to Earth through space missions, such as the Hayabusa mission. EXTRATERRESTRIAL ROCKS
  • 13. Rocks never remain the same, and they are always changing with time. The Rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes the time-consuming transitions through geologic time. Rocks are constantly being recycled and going through several processes of chemical and physical changes. This cycle of rock formation and wearing out is constantly recycled the earths minerals. The rock cycle is nothing but a process by which rocks of one type with certain characteristics change into rocks of another kind. ROCK CYCLE
  • 15. Rock Cycle: Transition to Igneous When rocks are pushed deep under the earths surface, they may melt into magma. If the conditions no longer exist for the magma to stay in its liquid state, it will solidify into an igneous rock. Rock Cycle: Transition to Metamorphic The rock exposed to high temperatures and pressures can be changed physically or chemically to form a different rock, called metamorphic. Rock Cycle: Transition to Sedimentary Rocks exposed to the atmosphere are very unstable and subject to the processes of weathering and erosion. This process breaks the original rock down into smaller fragments and carries away dissolved materials. Sedimentary rocks form from deposits that accumulate on the Earths surface.
  • 16. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by 際際滷sgo, including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik Thanks! Do you have any questions? sangeethms2007@gmail.com | +91 9567585484, + 91 8075707742