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畛nh tuy畉n
N畛i dung
I. Vai tr嘆 c畛a Router
I.1 V畛 tr鱈 trong m担 h狸nh OSI
II.2 Vai tr嘆 trong m畉ng Internet
II. Ki畉n tr炭c c畛a Router
II.1 Ph畉n c畛ng
II.2 Ph畉n m畛m
III. 畛nh tuy畉n
III.1 T畛ng quan
III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
III.3 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙
III.3.1 畛nh tuy畉n theo vector kho畉ng c叩ch (Distance-Vector)
III.3.2 畛nh tuy畉n theo tr畉ng th叩i li棚n k畉t (Link-State)
T畉i sao kh担ng d湛ng Switch?
Gi畉i ph叩p
ROUTER
I.1 V畛 tr鱈 trong m担 h狸nh OSI
II.2 Vai tr嘆 trong m畉ng Internet
- K畉t n畛i c叩c m畉ng
- L動u tr畛 v c畉p nh畉t
tuy畉n 動畛ng trong b畉ng
畛nh tuy畉n
- T狸m 動畛ng i t畛t nh畉t
II. Ki畉n tr炭c c畛a Router
CISCO 1841
II.1 Ph畉n c畛ng
II.2 Ph畉n m畛m
OS
Routing
Switching
Internetworking
Telecommunication
III. 畛nh tuy畉n
III.1 T畛ng quan
III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
10.1.5.0/24 10.1.2.1
10.1.5.0/24 10.1.3.3 10.1.5.0/24 10.1.4.4
10.1.5.0/24
connected
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.2.0/24
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.3.0/24
10.1.4.0/24
10.1.4.0/24
connected
connected
connected
connected
connected
connected
connected
10.1.4.3
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.1.0/24
10.1.2.2
10.1.3.2 10.1.1.0/24
III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
働u 季庄畛m Nh動畛c 季庄畛m
Bng th担ng
D畛 c畉u h狸nh
B畉o m畉t
Ti畉t ki畛m ti nguy棚n
Kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng h畉n ch畉
C畉u h狸nh b畉ng tay
D畛 nh畉m l畉n
III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
Static route
III.3 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙
III.3a Vai tr嘆 c畛a 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙
 H畛c c叩c tuy畉n 動畛ng
 Duy tr狸 v c畉p nh畉t b畉ng 畛nh
tuy畉n
 T狸m 動畛ng i t畛t nh畉t
 H畛i t畛 nhanh
III.3b Thnh ph畉n
C董 s畛 d畛 li畛u
Thu畉t to叩n
畛nh d畉ng b畉n tin
III.3c So s叩nh v畛i 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
III.3d Ph但n lo畉i
III.3e EGP v IGP
III.3f Metric
 Hop count
 Bandwidth
 Load
 Delay
 Reliability
 Cost
III.3g Administrative Distance
192.168.1.0/24
III.3.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch
III.3.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch
Kho畉ng c叩ch = 1 hop
Vector = Qua R2
III.3.1.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch
 C畉p nh畉t theo chu
k畛
 G畛i Broadcast
 G畛i ton b畛 b畉ng
畛nh tuy畉n
III.3.1.2 Thu畉t to叩n Bellman- Ford
III.3.1.3 働u nh動畛c 季庄畛m
III.3.2 Li棚n k畉t  tr畉ng th叩i
III.3.2.2 Li棚n k畉t  Tr畉ng th叩i
Li棚n k畉t
Tr畉ng th叩i
III.3.2.3 Thu畉t to叩n Dijkstra
III.3.2.4 X畛 l箪 畛nh tuy畉n
 C叩c m畉ng n畛i tr畛c ti畉p
 Thi畉t l畉p hng x坦m
 X但y d畛ng Link-state Packet cho m畉ng n畛i tr畛c
ti畉p (hng x坦m, bng th担ng, l畉i k畉t n畛i)
 G畛i LSP t畛i ton m畉ng
 M畛i router s畛 d畛ng ri棚ng m畛t c董 s畛 d畛 li畛u
III.3.2.5 X畛 l箪 畛nh tuy畉n
Hello packet LSP packet
III.3.2.6 働u nh動畛c 季庄畛m
III.3.2.7 Routing Lab
Dynamic Routing
So s叩nh thu畉t to叩n
Dijkstra v bellman
Bellman
 B1. d(s) =0; vs d(s) = Q={s}.
 B2. qu辿t s. t畛i t畉t c畉 c叩c 畛nh v c嘆n l畉i.
d(v) = min(d(v), d(s)+w(s,v)) Q={v};
 B3. qu辿t v trong Q (theo quy t畉c vo tr動畛c ra
tr動畛c)
d(k) = min( d(k), d(s)+w(v,k) )
 l畉p l畉i B3. khi no Q = {}
 A: d(B)=5, d(C)=1 , Q={C,B}
 B: d(E)=11, d(D)=6 , Q={D,E,C}
 C: d(B)=4, d(D)=6 , Q={B,D,E}
 E : d(F)=14, Q={F,B,D}
A
B
C D
F
3
E
5
1
6
5
1
4
3
Dijkstra
 B1 d(s) =0; vs d(s) = Q={}.
 B2 d(v) = d(s) +w(s,v) ; Q={s}
 B3 t狸m j c坦 d(j) nh畛 nh畉t
 B4 qu辿t j. lm l畉i B2 Q={j,s}
 A d(B) = 5, d(C)=1 , Q={A}
 C d(B)=4 , d(D)=6, Q={A,C}
 B d(E) = 10 , Q={A,C,B}
B畉ng so s叩nh
Dijkstra Bellman
畛 ph畛c t畉p
thu畉t to叩n
O(2) O(3)
Tr畛ng s畛 D動董ng D動董ng, 但m
S畛 l畉n qu辿t
m畛t 畛nh
Ch畛 m畛t l畉n duy
nh畉t
C坦 th畛 nhi畛u l畉n
Thu畉t to叩n T狸m gi叩 tr畛 nh畛 nh畉t So s叩nh
C叩ch h畛c
th担ng tin
畛nh tuy畉n
Bi畉t ton b畛 s董 畛
m畉ng
Ph畛 thu畛c vo 畛nh li畛n k畛
畛ng d畛ng C叩c giao th畛c 畛nh
tuy畉n v畛i s畛 n炭t
l畛n, ti nguy棚n
l畛n.(OSPF)
C叩c giao th畛c 畛nh tuy畉n
s畛 l動畛ng n炭t nh畛, ti
nguy棚n h畉n ch畉.(RIP)
Kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng c畛a
distance vector
 Nguy棚n nh但n h畉n ch畉 kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng.
- Th畛i gian h畛i t畛
- Loop
- S畛 l動畛ng hoop-count t畛i a
- Bng th担ng
3/18/2022
STUDENT:
Tr畛nh Vi畉t Th畉ng 20092557
Email: thangtrinh.hut@gmail.com
Router 1841 Report
3/18/2022
42
3/18/2022
Content
3/18/2022
43
1. Overview
2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
4. Cisco 1841 Routers Software
1. Overview
 Thi畉t b畛 畛nh tuy畉n d畛ch v畛 t鱈ch h畛p (
Integrated Services Routers  ISR ) Cisco 1800
Series thi畉t k畉 dnh cho c叩c doanh nghi畛p v畛a
v nh畛, qu畉n l箪 c叩c d畛ch v畛 畛nh tuy畉n v畛i y棚u
c畉u cao.
 Cisco 1841 router 動畛c t鱈ch h畛p module
chuy棚n d畛ng ( Advanced integration modules
 AIMs ) 畛 x畛 l箪 vi畛c b畉o m畉t d畛 li畛u.
3/18/2022 44
1. Overview
 Cisco 1841 Router
3/18/2022 45
2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router
3/18/2022 46
2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router
 Console port 畛 cho c叩c terminal c坦 th畛 truy c畉p vo
router, c畉u h狸nh tr棚n router.
 Th担ng s畛 truy畛n: 9600 Baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.
3/18/2022 47
2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router
 AUX Port  Auxiliary port: 畛 c畉u h狸nh router
t畛 xa th担ng qua modem k畉t n畛i.
3/18/2022 48
3/18/2022 49
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
3/18/2022 50
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
 ROM  Read-Only Memory:
 Ch畛a chu畛i POST: chu畛i ki畛m tra ph畉n c畛ng.
 Ch畛a o畉n m達 bootstrap 畛 t狸m IOS 
Internetwork Operating System, t畉i IOS vo RAM
v kh畛i 季畛亀乙 IOS.
 Ch畛a ROMMON: 畛 kh担i ph畛c l畛i c畛a router, v鱈 d畛
m畉t password.
 Ch畛a IOS c董 b畉n 畛 kh担i ph畛c IOS image trong
flash b畛 x坦a
 ROM kh担ng b畛 m畉t d畛 li畛u khi t畉t ngu畛n.
3/18/2022 51
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
 RAM  Random Access Memory:
 B畛 nh畛 c坦 th畛 畛c-ghi d畛 li畛u
 IOS ch畉y trong RAM
 L動u tr畛 b畉ng 畛nh tuy畉n, ARP cache, b畛 畛m l動u
tr畛 th担ng tin, hng 畛i.
 D畛 li畛u b畛 x坦a khi m畉t ngu畛n
3/18/2022 52
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
 Flash
 B畛 nh畛 畛c ghi 動畛c s畛 d畛ng 畛 l動u IOS image.
 Vi router l動u IOS c董 b畉n trong flash.
 Vi router ch畉y IOS trong flash m kh担ng t畉i vo
RAM.
 D畛 li畛u trong Flash kh担ng b畛 m畉t khi t畉t ngu畛n
3/18/2022 53
 NVRAM
 B畛 nh畛 畛c-ghi l動u file c畉u h狸nh  startup config.
 S畛 d畛ng ngu畛n i畛n t畛 pin 畛 duy tr狸 d畛 li畛u khi
t畉t ngu畛n.
3/18/2022 54
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware
 Th担ng s畛 memory tr棚n Cisco 1841 Router
3/18/2022 55
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software
Qu叩 tr狸nh kh畛i 季畛亀乙 v ch畉y IOS
1. Ki畛m tra ph畉n c畛ng: POST
2. Ch畉y m達 Bootstrap
3. T狸m IOS
4. T畉i IOS
5. T狸m c畉u h狸nh trong NVRAM
6. T畉i c畉u h狸nh
7. Ch畉y IOS 達 c畉u h狸nh.
3/18/2022 56
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software
 Hardware-Bas
 ed Encryption on Motherboard
 AIM-Based VPN Acceleration
 SSL Web VPN
 AIM-Based SSL VPN
 NAC  Network Admissions Control
3/18/2022 57
3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software
 IPSec: IP Security
 Cisco Easy VPN Remote and Server Support
 Cisco IOS Firewall, Including URL Filtering
 Real-Time Clock Support
 Cisco Security Device Manager
 USB port ( version 1.1 )
3/18/2022 58
3/18/2022 59
Router 1841 Report

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Routing

  • 2. N畛i dung I. Vai tr嘆 c畛a Router I.1 V畛 tr鱈 trong m担 h狸nh OSI II.2 Vai tr嘆 trong m畉ng Internet II. Ki畉n tr炭c c畛a Router II.1 Ph畉n c畛ng II.2 Ph畉n m畛m III. 畛nh tuy畉n III.1 T畛ng quan III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh III.3 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙 III.3.1 畛nh tuy畉n theo vector kho畉ng c叩ch (Distance-Vector) III.3.2 畛nh tuy畉n theo tr畉ng th叩i li棚n k畉t (Link-State)
  • 3. T畉i sao kh担ng d湛ng Switch?
  • 5. I.1 V畛 tr鱈 trong m担 h狸nh OSI
  • 6. II.2 Vai tr嘆 trong m畉ng Internet - K畉t n畛i c叩c m畉ng - L動u tr畛 v c畉p nh畉t tuy畉n 動畛ng trong b畉ng 畛nh tuy畉n - T狸m 動畛ng i t畛t nh畉t
  • 7. II. Ki畉n tr炭c c畛a Router CISCO 1841
  • 12. III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh 10.1.5.0/24 10.1.2.1 10.1.5.0/24 10.1.3.3 10.1.5.0/24 10.1.4.4 10.1.5.0/24 connected 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.2.0/24 10.1.2.0/24 10.1.3.0/24 10.1.3.0/24 10.1.4.0/24 10.1.4.0/24 connected connected connected connected connected connected connected 10.1.4.3 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 10.1.2.2 10.1.3.2 10.1.1.0/24
  • 13. III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh 働u 季庄畛m Nh動畛c 季庄畛m Bng th担ng D畛 c畉u h狸nh B畉o m畉t Ti畉t ki畛m ti nguy棚n Kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng h畉n ch畉 C畉u h狸nh b畉ng tay D畛 nh畉m l畉n
  • 14. III.2 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh Static route
  • 15. III.3 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙
  • 16. III.3a Vai tr嘆 c畛a 畛nh tuy畉n 季畛亀乙 H畛c c叩c tuy畉n 動畛ng Duy tr狸 v c畉p nh畉t b畉ng 畛nh tuy畉n T狸m 動畛ng i t畛t nh畉t H畛i t畛 nhanh
  • 17. III.3b Thnh ph畉n C董 s畛 d畛 li畛u Thu畉t to叩n 畛nh d畉ng b畉n tin
  • 18. III.3c So s叩nh v畛i 畛nh tuy畉n t挑nh
  • 21. III.3f Metric Hop count Bandwidth Load Delay Reliability Cost
  • 23. III.3.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch
  • 24. III.3.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch Kho畉ng c叩ch = 1 hop Vector = Qua R2
  • 25. III.3.1.1 Vector - kho畉ng c叩ch C畉p nh畉t theo chu k畛 G畛i Broadcast G畛i ton b畛 b畉ng 畛nh tuy畉n
  • 26. III.3.1.2 Thu畉t to叩n Bellman- Ford
  • 28. III.3.2 Li棚n k畉t tr畉ng th叩i
  • 29. III.3.2.2 Li棚n k畉t Tr畉ng th叩i Li棚n k畉t Tr畉ng th叩i
  • 31. III.3.2.4 X畛 l箪 畛nh tuy畉n C叩c m畉ng n畛i tr畛c ti畉p Thi畉t l畉p hng x坦m X但y d畛ng Link-state Packet cho m畉ng n畛i tr畛c ti畉p (hng x坦m, bng th担ng, l畉i k畉t n畛i) G畛i LSP t畛i ton m畉ng M畛i router s畛 d畛ng ri棚ng m畛t c董 s畛 d畛 li畛u
  • 32. III.3.2.5 X畛 l箪 畛nh tuy畉n Hello packet LSP packet
  • 35. So s叩nh thu畉t to叩n Dijkstra v bellman
  • 36. Bellman B1. d(s) =0; vs d(s) = Q={s}. B2. qu辿t s. t畛i t畉t c畉 c叩c 畛nh v c嘆n l畉i. d(v) = min(d(v), d(s)+w(s,v)) Q={v}; B3. qu辿t v trong Q (theo quy t畉c vo tr動畛c ra tr動畛c) d(k) = min( d(k), d(s)+w(v,k) ) l畉p l畉i B3. khi no Q = {}
  • 37. A: d(B)=5, d(C)=1 , Q={C,B} B: d(E)=11, d(D)=6 , Q={D,E,C} C: d(B)=4, d(D)=6 , Q={B,D,E} E : d(F)=14, Q={F,B,D} A B C D F 3 E 5 1 6 5 1 4 3
  • 38. Dijkstra B1 d(s) =0; vs d(s) = Q={}. B2 d(v) = d(s) +w(s,v) ; Q={s} B3 t狸m j c坦 d(j) nh畛 nh畉t B4 qu辿t j. lm l畉i B2 Q={j,s}
  • 39. A d(B) = 5, d(C)=1 , Q={A} C d(B)=4 , d(D)=6, Q={A,C} B d(E) = 10 , Q={A,C,B}
  • 40. B畉ng so s叩nh Dijkstra Bellman 畛 ph畛c t畉p thu畉t to叩n O(2) O(3) Tr畛ng s畛 D動董ng D動董ng, 但m S畛 l畉n qu辿t m畛t 畛nh Ch畛 m畛t l畉n duy nh畉t C坦 th畛 nhi畛u l畉n Thu畉t to叩n T狸m gi叩 tr畛 nh畛 nh畉t So s叩nh C叩ch h畛c th担ng tin 畛nh tuy畉n Bi畉t ton b畛 s董 畛 m畉ng Ph畛 thu畛c vo 畛nh li畛n k畛 畛ng d畛ng C叩c giao th畛c 畛nh tuy畉n v畛i s畛 n炭t l畛n, ti nguy棚n l畛n.(OSPF) C叩c giao th畛c 畛nh tuy畉n s畛 l動畛ng n炭t nh畛, ti nguy棚n h畉n ch畉.(RIP)
  • 41. Kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng c畛a distance vector Nguy棚n nh但n h畉n ch畉 kh畉 nng m畛 r畛ng. - Th畛i gian h畛i t畛 - Loop - S畛 l動畛ng hoop-count t畛i a - Bng th担ng
  • 42. 3/18/2022 STUDENT: Tr畛nh Vi畉t Th畉ng 20092557 Email: thangtrinh.hut@gmail.com Router 1841 Report 3/18/2022 42
  • 43. 3/18/2022 Content 3/18/2022 43 1. Overview 2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware 4. Cisco 1841 Routers Software
  • 44. 1. Overview Thi畉t b畛 畛nh tuy畉n d畛ch v畛 t鱈ch h畛p ( Integrated Services Routers ISR ) Cisco 1800 Series thi畉t k畉 dnh cho c叩c doanh nghi畛p v畛a v nh畛, qu畉n l箪 c叩c d畛ch v畛 畛nh tuy畉n v畛i y棚u c畉u cao. Cisco 1841 router 動畛c t鱈ch h畛p module chuy棚n d畛ng ( Advanced integration modules AIMs ) 畛 x畛 l箪 vi畛c b畉o m畉t d畛 li畛u. 3/18/2022 44
  • 45. 1. Overview Cisco 1841 Router 3/18/2022 45
  • 46. 2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router 3/18/2022 46
  • 47. 2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router Console port 畛 cho c叩c terminal c坦 th畛 truy c畉p vo router, c畉u h狸nh tr棚n router. Th担ng s畛 truy畛n: 9600 Baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit. 3/18/2022 47
  • 48. 2. Interfaces of Cisco 1841 Router AUX Port Auxiliary port: 畛 c畉u h狸nh router t畛 xa th担ng qua modem k畉t n畛i. 3/18/2022 48
  • 50. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware 3/18/2022 50
  • 51. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware ROM Read-Only Memory: Ch畛a chu畛i POST: chu畛i ki畛m tra ph畉n c畛ng. Ch畛a o畉n m達 bootstrap 畛 t狸m IOS Internetwork Operating System, t畉i IOS vo RAM v kh畛i 季畛亀乙 IOS. Ch畛a ROMMON: 畛 kh担i ph畛c l畛i c畛a router, v鱈 d畛 m畉t password. Ch畛a IOS c董 b畉n 畛 kh担i ph畛c IOS image trong flash b畛 x坦a ROM kh担ng b畛 m畉t d畛 li畛u khi t畉t ngu畛n. 3/18/2022 51
  • 52. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware RAM Random Access Memory: B畛 nh畛 c坦 th畛 畛c-ghi d畛 li畛u IOS ch畉y trong RAM L動u tr畛 b畉ng 畛nh tuy畉n, ARP cache, b畛 畛m l動u tr畛 th担ng tin, hng 畛i. D畛 li畛u b畛 x坦a khi m畉t ngu畛n 3/18/2022 52
  • 53. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware Flash B畛 nh畛 畛c ghi 動畛c s畛 d畛ng 畛 l動u IOS image. Vi router l動u IOS c董 b畉n trong flash. Vi router ch畉y IOS trong flash m kh担ng t畉i vo RAM. D畛 li畛u trong Flash kh担ng b畛 m畉t khi t畉t ngu畛n 3/18/2022 53
  • 54. NVRAM B畛 nh畛 畛c-ghi l動u file c畉u h狸nh startup config. S畛 d畛ng ngu畛n i畛n t畛 pin 畛 duy tr狸 d畛 li畛u khi t畉t ngu畛n. 3/18/2022 54
  • 55. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Hardware Th担ng s畛 memory tr棚n Cisco 1841 Router 3/18/2022 55
  • 56. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software Qu叩 tr狸nh kh畛i 季畛亀乙 v ch畉y IOS 1. Ki畛m tra ph畉n c畛ng: POST 2. Ch畉y m達 Bootstrap 3. T狸m IOS 4. T畉i IOS 5. T狸m c畉u h狸nh trong NVRAM 6. T畉i c畉u h狸nh 7. Ch畉y IOS 達 c畉u h狸nh. 3/18/2022 56
  • 57. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software Hardware-Bas ed Encryption on Motherboard AIM-Based VPN Acceleration SSL Web VPN AIM-Based SSL VPN NAC Network Admissions Control 3/18/2022 57
  • 58. 3. Cisco 1841 Routers Software IPSec: IP Security Cisco Easy VPN Remote and Server Support Cisco IOS Firewall, Including URL Filtering Real-Time Clock Support Cisco Security Device Manager USB port ( version 1.1 ) 3/18/2022 58

Editor's Notes

  • #4: T畉i sao kh担ng d湛ng Switch 畛 k畉t n畛i li棚n m畉ng??? Gi畉 s畛 khi m叩y A li棚n l畉c v畛i m叩y B, b動畛c 畉u m叩y A s畉 h畛i 畛a ch畛 MAC m叩y B, l炭c ny g坦i tin s畉 l Broadcast t畛c l khi A g畛i t畉t Switches, m叩y t鱈nh 畛u ph畉i x畛 l箪 b畉n tin ny. T動董ng t畛 nh動 v畉y cng nhi畛u m叩y tham gia th狸 kh畛i l動畛ng b畉n tin cng nhi畛u d畉n 畉n h畛 th畛ng m畉ng b畛 s畛p 畛. Nh動 h狸nh v畉.
  • #5: Router l gi畉i ph叩p ph湛 h畛p. Router s畉 畛ng gi畛a c叩c mi畛n Broadcast, ngn c畉n c叩c b畉n tin Broadcast.
  • #6: Trong m担 h狸nh OSI, Router 坦ng vai tr嘆 l thi畉t b畛 trung gian, t畉i t畉ng 3 Network layer
  • #7: Ch畛c nng nh動 tr棚n slide
  • #8: Tr棚n th畛 tr動畛ng thi畉t b畛 chuy畛n m畉ch v 畛nh tuy畉n c坦 r畉t nhi畛u h達ng nh動 Cisco, Juniper, Hp.. Tuy nhi棚n c叩c s畉n ph畉m c畛a Cisco chi畉m 65% th畛 tr動畛ng ny. Tr棚n h狸nh l Cisco Router 1841. H狸nh tr棚n l m畉t tr動畛c, h狸nh d動畛i l m畉t sau. M畉t sau c坦 c叩c port (hay l c叩c interface) d湛ng cho c叩c k畉t n畛i. 4 ports 畉u l d湛ng k畉t n畛i c叩c m畉ng Lan, s畛 d畛ng c担ng ngh畛 Ethernet. C畛ng ti畉p l l c畛ng Console, s畛 d畛ng 畛 c畉u h狸nh thi畉t b畛 khi m畛i mua v畛. Ti畉p theo l 2 c畛ng s畛 d畛ng cho k畉t n畛i WAN.
  • #9: Flash: l n董i l動u h畛 i畛u hnh c畛a Router, file c畉u h狸nh Rom: ch畛a c叩c ch動董ng tr狸nh ph畛c v畛 cho vi畛c kh畛i 季畛亀乙 router. Kh担ng b畛 m畉t khi m畉t ngu畛n hay reset. CPU: x畛 l箪 d畛 li畛u cho router Ram: ph畛c v畛 cho c叩c ch動董ng tr狸nh ang ch畉y tr棚n router. Khi m畉t i畛n c叩c ch動董ng tr狸nh m畉t theo. Power: c畉p ngu畛n
  • #10: H畛 i畛u hnh l linh h畛n c畛a Router 1- Routing: 畛nh tuy畉n, h畛c, c畉p nh畉t c叩c m畉ng v鱈 d畛 giao th畛c: RIP, OSPF 2- Switching: chuy畛n m畉ch t畛 interface ny sang interface kh叩c 3- Internetworking: k畉t n畛i c叩c m畉ng v畛i nhau 4- Telecommunication: router c坦 th畛 k畉t n畛i t畛i c叩c m畉ng tho畉i nh動 PSTN, x畛 l箪 d畛 li畛u voice.
  • #21: - AS l g狸?? T棚n g畛i kh叩c l routing domain l m畛t t畉p h畛p c叩c routers ch畛u s畛 qu畉n tr畛 chung. V鱈 d畛 ISP Internet Service Provider
  • #22: C叩c giao th畛c kh叩c nhau s畛 d畛ng metrics kh叩c nhau. Metric s畛 d畛ng cho giao th畛c ny kh担ng th畛 s畛 d畛ng cho giao th畛c kh叩c. Load: l動畛ng traffic s畛 d畛ng cho m畛t link. Th動畛ng s畛 d畛ng m畛t thang o 畛 t鱈nh to叩n Reliability: kh畉 nng link failure , s畛 d畛ng m畛t thang o Cost: l gi叩 tr畛 動畛c t鱈nh to叩n 畛ng th畛i b畛i ios v qu畉n tr畛 m畉ng 畛 quy畉t 畛nh 動畛ng i c畛a router. Cost l metric + m畛t ch鱈nh s叩ch qu畉n tri
  • #23: V鱈 d畛 khi m畛t router ch畉y nhi畛u giao th畛c c湛ng l炭c, c叩c giao th畛c c湛ng h畛c v畛 m畛t tuy畉n 動畛ng, AD s畉 quy畉t 畛nh 畉n vi畛c ch畛n tuy畉n 動畛ng
  • #37: M畛t bi畉n th畛 ph但n t叩n c畛a thu畉t to叩n Bellman-Ford 動畛c d湛ng trong c叩c giao th畛c 畛nh tuy畉n vector kho畉ng c叩ch, ch畉ng h畉n giao th畛c RIP
  • #47: WICS = WAN Interface Card VWICS = Voice WAN Interface Card HWICS = High-Speed WAN Interface Card tng kh畉 nng truy畛n d畛 li畛u l棚n t畛i 800 Mbps Kensington Security Slot l m畛t h畛 th畛ng ch畛ng tr畛m g畛m m畛t l畛 c畉m b畉ng kim lo畉i. AIM Led th担ng b叩o c坦 k畉t n畛i v畛i AIM slot
  • #48: 01 terminal, c坦 th畛 l terminal chuy棚n d畛ng c畛a UNIX hay m叩y PC Windows ch畉y ch動董ng tr狸nh HyperTerminal. 01 Roll-over cable console cable: s畛i c叩p ny i k竪m v畛i m畛i router, l c叩p k畉t n畛i v畛i c畛ng RJ-45. T畛c 畛 Baud l s畛 董n v畛 t鱈n hi畛u trong m畛t gi但y c畉n c坦 畛 bi畛u di畛n s畛 bit c畉n truy畛n. Baud nh動 s畛 xe kh叩ch, bit l t畛ng s畛 hnh kh叩ch. Band = Bit / (s畛 bit bi畛u di畛n)
  • #49: RJ 45 chu畉n c叩p m畉ng th担ng th動畛ng, c叩p RJ 45 c坦 8 d但y nh畛 chia lm 4 c畉p. DB 9 hay DB 25 l c畛ng com 9 hay 25 ch但n.