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Alert today – Alive tomorrow.
If you know you are driving to your death –would
you still drive so fast?
Hug your kids at home, but belt them in the car.
Better be Mister Late than to be Late Mister
Accidents do not happen, they are caused.

Attributed to
Human body
Vehicle
Scene of accident

Pedestrian
Cyclist/motorcyclist
Occupant of a vehicle

Mechanism of pedestrian injury
1.Primary impact injuries
2.Secondary impact injuries
3.Secondary injuries
Waddle’s triad

First hit or struck the person
Imprint abrasion or patterned bruise
Parts of the vehicle- bumper, grill, wing, headlight, door
handle
Part of body involved
front or side of car
walking, standing, lying on road

 Due to projecting part of the vehicle like bumper, headlight, bonnet, radiator grill
 Centre of gravity
 Injuries caused are
Imprint abrasions,
Contusions,
Lacerations and
Bumper injuries

• Imprint abrasion or pattern contusion helps to identify the offending vehicle
• Height of the fracture from the heel corresponds to height of bumper from ground
except
When the persons walking
Sudden application of the brake causes the front end of
vehicle to dip downward
• Position of the person at the time of impact
MEDICOLEGAL IMPORTANCE

 Due to sliding up the bonnet causing injuries due to the impact against the windshield
pillar or glass
Medico legal Importance
 Transfer of evidentiary material thereby building causal relation
 Tire marks as trace evidence

 Due to fall on the ground causing injuries to prominent parts like knee, hip, front or back
or sides of the body.
 Grazed abrasions
Medico legal Importance
 Grazed abrasion (brush burns) helps in determining the direction of the movement of
victim

Serious injuries
1.Inherent instability of two-wheelers
2.Unprotected-no protective gear
3.Rash and negligent driving
Head injuries
Leg injuries’
Tailgating or under running

Driver, passengers
Impact- front, back, sides, roll over/roof
Injuries to driver
Injuries to front seat occupant
Injuries to back seat occupant
Ejection crash injuries

 External injuries
 Internal injuries

Injuries to driver of motor vehicle
Steering wheel impact:
Horn boss-Transverse fracture of sternum
Rim- Crush liver, spleen, kidney, duodenum and cause ‘flail chest’ or ‘stove in’ chest

Injuries to driver of motor vehicle
Windscreen:
Dicing or sparrow feet lacerations
 Ladder tears of aorta

Dashboard Injuries
 due to sudden application of brake
Posterior dislocation of hip joint and fracture neck of
femur
Whiplash injuries

Seat-belt injuries or
seat belt syndrome:
• Direct injuries: Abrasion,
contusion or hematoma of lower
abdomen
•Compression injuries due to
compression of the abdominal organs
between belt and vertebral column:
Rupture of liver, spleen, pancreas,
caecum, urinary bladder

Injuries to front seat passenger of motor vehicle
Windscreen: Dicing or sparrow feet lacerations
Ejected from windscreen
Ladder tears of aorta
Dashboard Injuries due to sudden application of brake:
Posterior dislocation of hip joint and fracture neck of femur,
Fracture of patella
Whiplash injuries

Seat-belt injuries or seat belt syndrome:
• Direct injuries: Abrasion, contusion or hematoma of lower abdomen
• Compression injuries due to compression of the abdominal organs
between belt and vertebral column: Rupture of liver, spleen, pancreas,
caecum, urinary bladder

Injuries to rear seat passenger of motor vehicle
Less fatalities
 Hit the front seat
Thrown on to the windscreen
Injuries from interior fittings like door handles, window winders, mirror and lights

1. Lap strap
2. Shoulder diagonal
3. Diagonal plus lap
strap
4. Shoulder harness

Section 279, 337, 338 and��304 A��of��IPC
Alcohol- DD
Injury certificate
PM report

 Injuries to pedestrian
 Injuries to driver and occupants of motor vehicle
 Injuries to a motorcyclist

Primary Impact injuries
Secondary Impact injuries
Secondary injuries

Primary Impact injuries
Injuries sustained by the pedestrian as a result of
striking by the offending vehicle for the first time

Secondary Impact injuries
Injuries sustained by the pedestrian
as a result of
second impact with the
offending vehicle
subsequent to the primary impact injury

Secondary injuries
Injuries sustained by the pedestrian as a result of
striking the ground or any object other than the
offending vehicle after being knocked down by
the offending vehicle

Injuries to driver and occupants of motor
vehicle

Injuries to motorcyclist
Head, face and spine commonly fractured
 Hinge fracture common
 Under-running or tail gating

�ݺ�ߣ

Rta

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