![The Article Front Page
Add new content with implies an
alternative version of events
Counters events
Complies with Wikipedias
principles
Mignini (who was observing)
suggested that cuts to the front,
left and right of the neck must
have been caused by different
knives, but Lalli retorted that his
guess was those cuts were
caused by a single knife.[24] Lalli's
report on the autopsy was
reviewed by three pathologists
from Perugia's forensic science
institute; they differed from Lalli
in suggesting bruises indicated
sexual violence and an attempt to
immobilise Kercher by her
attackers or attacker.[25]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aaalslides-140319161821-phpapp02/85/Ruth-Page-s-slides-for-AAAL-2014-on-Counter-Narratives-and-Wikipedia-12-320.jpg)
![Turn-by-turn countering
(events of the crime)
In the June trial (A link to the transcript is in the 'transcript' section of this
talk article) she states that she did not know what an Italian container of
bleach looks like, had never used or bought it. I think then that the
assertion that she used it can't be stated as unbiased fact. So if it is still in
the article, it should be taken out. Admittedly I don't know the source of
the June 2009 trial transcript or its reliability. It is translated by someone
on a forum somewhere (see link).
78.145.170.24 (talk) 23:07, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
According to The Times of 19 Nov 2007,[1] till receipts found at Sollecito's
flat showed that he bought 2 lots of bleach, one at 8.30am on 2
November, and the second 45 minutes later. It seems surprising that Knox,
who was supposedly with him at that time, didn't notice him buying the
bleach.
Bluewave (talk) 12:06, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
(from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Meredith_Kercher/Archive_
5#Washing_machine_and_bleach)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aaalslides-140319161821-phpapp02/85/Ruth-Page-s-slides-for-AAAL-2014-on-Counter-Narratives-and-Wikipedia-15-320.jpg)
![Target 2: Criticise Author (of cited
source)
I would like to propose the deletion of the
paragraph in which Judy Bachrach gives her
opinion on the Italian justice system. [...] I don't
believe that Bachrach, as a journalist for Vanity
Fair, has the appropriate standing to comment on
the Italian justice system; certainly not to a
degree to be included in a WP article.
Karl franz josef (talk) 06:51, 6 December 2009 (UTC)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Meredit
h_Kercher/Archive_4#Judy_Bachrach_paragraph](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aaalslides-140319161821-phpapp02/85/Ruth-Page-s-slides-for-AAAL-2014-on-Counter-Narratives-and-Wikipedia-17-320.jpg)
![The User Talk Pages
Target is Administrator-Editor
Focus is the creation of the
article
Warnings about retrospective
actions based on past
behaviour
Counter narratives occur turn
by turn (post by post) between
one Editor and another
He reported me instantly
without taking even a brief
moment to research what I
wrote. I highly doubt that
[name 1] would be standing
up for [name 2] if he didn't
share his views on the article.
In fact I have no doubt that
[name 1] would have already
reported [name 2] for his
actions if they disagreed with
each other. That is where the
problem lies. This behavior has
been seen over and over again
with this article.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aaalslides-140319161821-phpapp02/85/Ruth-Page-s-slides-for-AAAL-2014-on-Counter-Narratives-and-Wikipedia-19-320.jpg)
Ruth Page's slides for AAAL 2014 on Counter Narratives and Wikipedia
- 1. New Perspectives: Counter Narratives and Co-tellership Dr Ruth Page, University of Leicester rep22@le.ac.uk; @ruthtweetpage
- 2. Introduction: New Directions.... Counter narratives (Bamberg and Andrews 2004) and small story research (Georgakopoulou 2007) Interactional contexts of social media storytelling Wikipedia Interactions and macro-social identities Power relations in storytelling
- 3. Murder of Meredith Kercher Institutional power Competence of police Evidence of anti- Americanism Media sources Gendered asymmetry Female deviance Sexualised and sensationalised What happened? Suspects Knox as villain Knox as victim National context
- 4. Wikipedia article High profile site Encyclopedia Represent neutrality Reflect not create knowledge Selective summary Technology Delete as well as add text Highly transparent Controversy associated with the article English Wikipedia article first authored November 13, 2007 Since been edited >9000 times >1000 distinct contributors Deleted in 2011 and rewritten Talk pages: 37 archives (approx 187,000 words)
- 5. Two controversial narratives Reported events Crime and its aftermath Pro-innocence Pro-guilt Article creation Is the creation of the article compliant with Wikipedian principles or is it imbalanced in favour of pro-innocence or pro-guilt?
- 6. Shared Stories and Counter Narratives umbrella term for stories that are oriented to in interactions as familiar either because they have been told in the past or because the events reported in them are known to all or some of the participants. (Georgakopoulou 2007:50) Counter narratives operate as a means by which a single shared story is disrupted Counter narratives can themselves also be shared Both shared stories and counter narratives involve multiple co-tellers
- 7. A multidimensional model of co- tellership Herring (2007) Site architectures Norms and rights Semiotic resources Goffmans (1981) footing Bells audience design Single shared story Multiple, incompatible versions (Langlotz and Locher 2012) Single or multiple? Involvement (Ochs and Capps 2001) Number of tellers Affiliation or disaffiliation? Medium factors What participation roles are taken up?
- 8. Wikipedias pillars Wikipedia is necessarily collaborative No Original Research Verifiability Neutral Point of View Wikipedia aims to describe disputes, but not engage in them. Editors, while naturally having their own point of view, should strive in good faith to provide complete information, and not to promote one particular point of view over another.
- 9. Production formats Animator Editors Authors Editors and Authors of cited sources used for verifiability Figures Persons involved in the events Addressee Editors (Animators) Auditors Other Wikipedian contributors Overhearers General viewing public (including Authors and Figures)
- 10. Asymmetries in co-tellership roles Animators (Editors) Remain neutral and provide complete information Generate the text of Wikipedia Representation is anonymous/pseudonymous Discourse Identity Hierarchy of Editors and Administrators Authors (of cited sources) Partial, providing a selective account Precluded from generating the text of Wikipedia (NOR) Representation uses real names and nationality Transportable Identity Judged against criteria for reliable sources
- 11. Architectures for narration Article Front Page Page History Article Talk Page User Talk Page Dispute Forums High visibility Low Figures and Authors named Editor details provided by default Editors add their own signature Counter narratives of the events Counter narratives of the article
- 12. The Article Front Page Add new content with implies an alternative version of events Counters events Complies with Wikipedias principles Mignini (who was observing) suggested that cuts to the front, left and right of the neck must have been caused by different knives, but Lalli retorted that his guess was those cuts were caused by a single knife.[24] Lalli's report on the autopsy was reviewed by three pathologists from Perugia's forensic science institute; they differed from Lalli in suggesting bruises indicated sexual violence and an attempt to immobilise Kercher by her attackers or attacker.[25]
- 13. Medium-specific strategies Deletions Reversions An editor must not perform more than three reverts on a single page whether involving the same or different material within a 24 hour period. An edit, or series of consecutive edits that undoes other editors actions whether in whole or in part counts as a revert.
- 14. The Article Talk Page Focus on the edits made to the article Retrospective Prospective Edit summaries But alleged events also retold (embedded as illustrative evidence)
- 15. Turn-by-turn countering (events of the crime) In the June trial (A link to the transcript is in the 'transcript' section of this talk article) she states that she did not know what an Italian container of bleach looks like, had never used or bought it. I think then that the assertion that she used it can't be stated as unbiased fact. So if it is still in the article, it should be taken out. Admittedly I don't know the source of the June 2009 trial transcript or its reliability. It is translated by someone on a forum somewhere (see link). 78.145.170.24 (talk) 23:07, 10 December 2009 (UTC) According to The Times of 19 Nov 2007,[1] till receipts found at Sollecito's flat showed that he bought 2 lots of bleach, one at 8.30am on 2 November, and the second 45 minutes later. It seems surprising that Knox, who was supposedly with him at that time, didn't notice him buying the bleach. Bluewave (talk) 12:06, 11 December 2009 (UTC) (from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Meredith_Kercher/Archive_ 5#Washing_machine_and_bleach)
- 16. Target 1: Criticise Source Material Bruce Fisher's book, Injustice in Perugia: a Book Detailing the Wrongful Conviction of Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito, was removed from the list of books because it was self-published (via CreateSpace). It is Wikipedia policy that the use of self-published sources as references for Wikipedia articles is generally not appropriate. --Davefoc (talk) 19:15, 29 October 2011 (UTC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Meredit h_Kercher/Archive_36#Removal_of_Bruce_Fisher.27s _book_from_the_list_of_books
- 17. Target 2: Criticise Author (of cited source) I would like to propose the deletion of the paragraph in which Judy Bachrach gives her opinion on the Italian justice system. [...] I don't believe that Bachrach, as a journalist for Vanity Fair, has the appropriate standing to comment on the Italian justice system; certainly not to a degree to be included in a WP article. Karl franz josef (talk) 06:51, 6 December 2009 (UTC) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Meredit h_Kercher/Archive_4#Judy_Bachrach_paragraph
- 18. Target 3: Attack positive face of Editors (Animators) This is extremely rude and arrogant not very nice of you PilgrimRose. By all means give a link to another page of Wikipedia if you wish but to cut and paste a section of policy AT THE HEAD OF THE PAGE and try to interpret it to support your views is just wrong. Please delete your post and try to lose some degree of your arrogance possibly inappropriate emphasis. rturus (talk) 20:27, 8 December 2009 (UTC) Rturus, This is supposed to be a discussion about NPOV. Your anti- American sentiments have no place in the discussion.... I do not believe that your fears that Wikipedia is becoming too "U.S.A. slanted" justifies trying to block the views of Americans who wish to contribute to this article. Please read the policy on NPOV and try to respect the rights of others, including Americans, who feel their views should be included under NPOV policy. PilgrimRose (talk) 02:49, 9 December 2009. PilgrimRose (talk) 02:49, 9 December 2009
- 19. The User Talk Pages Target is Administrator-Editor Focus is the creation of the article Warnings about retrospective actions based on past behaviour Counter narratives occur turn by turn (post by post) between one Editor and another He reported me instantly without taking even a brief moment to research what I wrote. I highly doubt that [name 1] would be standing up for [name 2] if he didn't share his views on the article. In fact I have no doubt that [name 1] would have already reported [name 2] for his actions if they disagreed with each other. That is where the problem lies. This behavior has been seen over and over again with this article.
- 20. Dispute forums Notice boards Incidents Edit Warring Arbitration committee Nominate an article for deletion Requires consensus (users vote) Decision based on Wikipedian policy, not numbers Influence not just individual Editors, but all Editors who might want to work on an article
- 21. Sliding scale of influence? Countering the content of the article Adding contrasting material Removing or reverting material to create imbalance Countering the value of an Author Attacking an Editor (Animator) Criticising their behaviour > Criticising their identity Constraining their behaviour (Blocks and Bans) Prevent all Editors from working on an article Deleting the article
- 22. Conclusions Value of a multi-dimensional model of co-tellership for counter narratives Wikipedian principles influence co-tellership Separation between Animators and Authors Architecture of Wikipedia presents countering in different ways Position us as consumers or creators Flat hierarchy v. Administrators and Editors Separation of real world and Wikipedian contexts does not always hold true: process of reflecting knowledge tells a complex story of national identities
Editor's Notes
- #4: The case study I will touch on briefly today is the controversial crime that attracted international attention from the media when it took place in 2007 and over five years later continues to provoke heated debates.For those of you not familiar with the case: the MoMK has from the outset generated many narratives which contrast with each other in how they report the events of the crime and its aftermath:First, there are different accounts of what happened which contrast in terms of who is depicted as responsible for the crime. Four suspects originally accused (Knox, Sollecito, Guede, Lumumba) each gave different accounts of the night of the murder, two suspects gave accounts which they later retracted.Controversy surrounding one suspect in particular: Amanda Knox in the European press in 2007 was cast as the villain depicted in a way that evoked stereotypical sexualised and sensationalised presentations of her in line with deviant female criminalityBut this narrative was contested as an example of anti-Americanism and a counter narrative of Knoxs innocence (in which she was positioned as the victim of salacious reporting from the European media and of maltreatment from the Italian criminal and legal system) began to meerge.Clearly, which narrative is regarded as the dominant account and which is the counter narrative depends on your context: from an American perspective, the counter narrative is the story of Knoxs guilt, but not from an Italian perspective this is the dominant narrative (the counter narrative being instead one of her innocence)The difference in these cultural perspectives and how the counter and dominant narratives have changed over time can be traced through examining the evolution of the wikipedia article which documents the case.
- #17: Say here that this is focused on the counter narrative of the article