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agriculture
The active production of useful plants or animals in
ecosystems that have been created by people.
Agriculture may include cultivating the SOIL,
growing and harvestingCROPS, and
raising LIVESTOCK. Agriculture was independently
developed in many places, including the Middle
East, East Asia, South Asia, and the Americas. The
earliest evidence for agriculture has been found in
the Middle East and dates to between 14,500 and
12,000 BP. Early cultivars include wild barley
(Middle East), millet (China), and squash (the
Americas). The domestication of many animals now
considered to be livestock occurred during roughly
the same period, although DOGS were domesticated
AGRICULTURE
4. Farm SystemAgriculture or farming can be lookedat as a system. The important inputare seeds, fertilisers, machinery andlabour. Some of the operations involve
Farm SystemAgriculture or farming
can be lookedat as a system. The
important inputare seeds, fertilisers,
machinery andlabour. Some of the
operations involvedare ploughing,
sowing, irrigation,weeding and
harvesting. The outputsfrom the
system include crops, wool,diary and
poultry products
FARM SYSTEM
sap 6
This type of farming is
practiced to meet the needs of
farmers family.
This farming can be further
classified as
1.Intensive subsistence
2.Primitive subsistence
In this farming farmer
cultivates a small plot of
land using simple tools
and more labours
1.Shifting cultivation
It is also known as SLASH and BURN agriculture
In this type of farming ,herds man move from
place to place with there animals for fodder
and water.
Commercial Farming
In commercial farming crops are
grown and animals are reared for
sale in market
The area cultivated and the
amount of capital used is large
Mixed Farming
In mixed farming the land is used for
growing food,fodder crops and rearing
livestock
It is practiced in Europe, eastern
USA, Argentina, southeast Australia,
New Zealand and South Africa.
It is a type of commercial
farming where single crop
of tea, coffee,
sugarcane, cashew,
rubber, banana or cotton
are grown
MAJOR CROPS
Major food crops are
wheat, rice, maize and
millets.
RICE
Rice is the major food crop of
the world. It is the staple diet
of the tropical and sub-
tropical regions
WHEAT
Wheat requires moderate
temperature and rainfall
during growing season and
bright sunshine at the time
of harvset
MILLETS
They are also known as
coarse grains and can be
grown on less fertile and
sandy soil.
MAIZE
Maize requires moderate
temperature, rainfall
and lots of sunshine.
COTTON
It requires high temperature,
light rainfall, tow hundred and
ten frost-free days and bright
sunshine for growth.
JUTE
It was also known as the
Golden Fibre. It grows well
on alluvial soil and requires
high temperature, heavy
rainfall and humid climate.
COFFEE
Coffee requires warm and
wet climate and well-drained
loamy soil.
TEA
Tea is a beverage crop grown on
plantations. This requires cool
climate and well distributed high
rainfall throughout the year for
the growth of its tender leaves.
AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT
Agricultural development refers to efforts made to
increase farm production in order to meet the
growing demand of increasing population. This can
be achieved in many ways such as increasing the
cropped area, the number ofcrops grown, improving
irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding
variety of seeds. Mechanisation of agriculture is also
another aspect of agricultural development. The
ultimate aim of agricultural development is to
increase food secutiry.
sap 6
sap 6
 Before 2000-01 and 2007-08 agriculture value
added grew at a phenomenal 9.6% per year.
 That drives home the magnitude of Gujarats
performance.
 Gujarat is drought prone, with 70% of its area
classified as semi-arid and arid.
 By the mid-1990s, groundwater extraction
exceeded natural recharge in 31 talukas, & 90% of
the safe extraction yield in another 12 talukas.
 Gujarat has promoted drip irrigation, badly needed to conserve water in
semi-arid districts.
 Farmers contributed 5% initially. Then a state-owned company provides
50% as subsidy, and arranges a bank loan for the balance of 45%.
 Modis Jyotigram scheme for power has provided regular, high-quality
electricity to villages, greatly helping farming.
 This has facilitated a switch to high-value crops
like mango, banana and wheat, which need assured
water.
 The fastest growth in crops has been in wheat,
followed by cotton and fruits and vegetables.
 Private seed companies have brought in new
technology for several crops, ranging from bajra
to castor, but above all in Bt cotton.
 New institutional arrangements like contract farming have helped
improve marketing.
 The state has helped catalyse production, notably in water
harvesting.
 Jyotigram looks least likely to be replicated because it abandons
the free-but-unreliable rural power that politicians regard as vote-
winner in most states.
sap 6
sap 6
sap 6
sap 6
sap 6

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sap 6

  • 2. The active production of useful plants or animals in ecosystems that have been created by people. Agriculture may include cultivating the SOIL, growing and harvestingCROPS, and raising LIVESTOCK. Agriculture was independently developed in many places, including the Middle East, East Asia, South Asia, and the Americas. The earliest evidence for agriculture has been found in the Middle East and dates to between 14,500 and 12,000 BP. Early cultivars include wild barley (Middle East), millet (China), and squash (the Americas). The domestication of many animals now considered to be livestock occurred during roughly the same period, although DOGS were domesticated AGRICULTURE
  • 3. 4. Farm SystemAgriculture or farming can be lookedat as a system. The important inputare seeds, fertilisers, machinery andlabour. Some of the operations involve Farm SystemAgriculture or farming can be lookedat as a system. The important inputare seeds, fertilisers, machinery andlabour. Some of the operations involvedare ploughing, sowing, irrigation,weeding and harvesting. The outputsfrom the system include crops, wool,diary and poultry products FARM SYSTEM
  • 5. This type of farming is practiced to meet the needs of farmers family. This farming can be further classified as 1.Intensive subsistence 2.Primitive subsistence
  • 6. In this farming farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labours
  • 7. 1.Shifting cultivation It is also known as SLASH and BURN agriculture In this type of farming ,herds man move from place to place with there animals for fodder and water.
  • 8. Commercial Farming In commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market The area cultivated and the amount of capital used is large
  • 9. Mixed Farming In mixed farming the land is used for growing food,fodder crops and rearing livestock It is practiced in Europe, eastern USA, Argentina, southeast Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
  • 10. It is a type of commercial farming where single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton are grown
  • 11. MAJOR CROPS Major food crops are wheat, rice, maize and millets.
  • 12. RICE Rice is the major food crop of the world. It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub- tropical regions
  • 13. WHEAT Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during growing season and bright sunshine at the time of harvset
  • 14. MILLETS They are also known as coarse grains and can be grown on less fertile and sandy soil.
  • 15. MAIZE Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lots of sunshine.
  • 16. COTTON It requires high temperature, light rainfall, tow hundred and ten frost-free days and bright sunshine for growth.
  • 17. JUTE It was also known as the Golden Fibre. It grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.
  • 18. COFFEE Coffee requires warm and wet climate and well-drained loamy soil.
  • 19. TEA Tea is a beverage crop grown on plantations. This requires cool climate and well distributed high rainfall throughout the year for the growth of its tender leaves.
  • 20. AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population. This can be achieved in many ways such as increasing the cropped area, the number ofcrops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds. Mechanisation of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development. The ultimate aim of agricultural development is to increase food secutiry.
  • 23. Before 2000-01 and 2007-08 agriculture value added grew at a phenomenal 9.6% per year. That drives home the magnitude of Gujarats performance. Gujarat is drought prone, with 70% of its area classified as semi-arid and arid. By the mid-1990s, groundwater extraction exceeded natural recharge in 31 talukas, & 90% of the safe extraction yield in another 12 talukas.
  • 24. Gujarat has promoted drip irrigation, badly needed to conserve water in semi-arid districts. Farmers contributed 5% initially. Then a state-owned company provides 50% as subsidy, and arranges a bank loan for the balance of 45%. Modis Jyotigram scheme for power has provided regular, high-quality electricity to villages, greatly helping farming.
  • 25. This has facilitated a switch to high-value crops like mango, banana and wheat, which need assured water. The fastest growth in crops has been in wheat, followed by cotton and fruits and vegetables. Private seed companies have brought in new technology for several crops, ranging from bajra to castor, but above all in Bt cotton.
  • 26. New institutional arrangements like contract farming have helped improve marketing. The state has helped catalyse production, notably in water harvesting. Jyotigram looks least likely to be replicated because it abandons the free-but-unreliable rural power that politicians regard as vote- winner in most states.