Scales of measurement
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This document summarizes four scales of measurement used in research methodology: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal scales classify data into categories without order. Ordinal scales place variables in order from highest to lowest. Interval scales show the distance between measures and have an arbitrary zero point. Ratio scales have all the properties of the previous scales and also have an absolute zero, allowing for absolute comparisons and calculations.
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4.2.1- Measuring Scales- Meaning and Statistical Use
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The Unit 4 is all about Statistics
Statistics油is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
In other words, it is a mathematical discipline to collect, summarize data.
Also, we can say that statistics is a branch of applied mathematics.
Statistics is simply defined as the study and manipulation of data. As we have already discussed in the introduction that statistics deals with the analysis and computation of numerical data.
Projective methods of Evaluation through Statistics-
Measurement is a process of assigning numbers to individuals or their characteristics according to specific rules. (Eble and Frisbie, 1991, p.25).油
This is very common and simple definition of the term measurement.
You can say that measurement is a quantitative description of ones performance. Gay (1991) further simplified the term as a process of quantifying the degree to which someone or something possessed a given trait, i.e., quality, characteristics, or features.油
Measurement assigns a numeral to quantify certain aspects of human and non-human beings.
It is numerical description of objects, traits, attributes, characteristics or behaviours.
Measurement is not an end in itself but definitely a means to evaluate the abilities of a person in education and other fields as well.
Measurement Scale-
Whenever we measure anything, we assign a numerical value. This numerical value is known as scale of measurement. A scale is a system or scheme for assigning values or scores to the characteristics being measured (Sattler, 1992). Like for measuring any aspect of the human being we assign a numeral to quantify it, further we can provide an order to it if we know the similar type of measurement of other members of the group, we can also make groups considering equal interval scores within the group.
Psychologist Stanley Stevens developed the four common scales of measurement:油
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval &
Ratio
Each scale of measurement has properties that determine how to properly analyze the data.
Nominal scale-
In nominal scale, a numeral or label is assigned for characterizing the attribute of the person or thing.
That caters no order to define the attribute as high-low, more-less, big-small, superior-inferior etc.
In nominal scale, assigning a numeral is purely an individual matter.
It is nothing to do with the group scores or group measurement.
Statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mode, and chi-square tests are used in nominal measurement.
Examples include gender (male, female), colors (red, blue, green), or types of fruit (apple, banana, orange).
Ordinal scale-
Ordinal scale is synonymous to ranking or gScales of Measurements.pptx
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- 1. Scales of Measurement in Research Methodology Presented by group no. 1 Ankit Singh Jyoti Daima Priya Jain
- 2. Nominal Scale Ordinal Scale Interval Scale Ratio Scale
- 3. Nominal Scale The lowest measurement level we use. Used to classify the data, mostly dichotomous. Placing of data into categories without any higher or lower order or structure. Ex. Name, Marital status, Gender, Assumptions (True or False) No logical basis for saying that one category such as single is higher or lower than any other.
- 4. Ordinal or Ranking Scale Placing Variables in order according to their size or quality. Measures mainly the non-numeric concepts. Shows the ranking of an item from highest to lowest. Mainly used in the studies of qualitative phenomenon. Ex. Ranks given to the Students appeared in M.A.T. Preference of transport service by a person.
- 5. Interval or Rating Scale Shows the distance between two measures. A fixed difference successive measure. Does not have an absolute zero but an arbitrary zero. Ex. Scale of temperature The zero degree temperature
- 6. Ratio Scale Has all the properties of nominal, ordinal & interval Scale. Has an absolute zero. So can do all the calculations One can compare more easily with absolute values. Ex. Measurement of length.
- 8. THANKYOU