UMTS OVERVIEWAbdulqader Al-kaboudeiUMTS ... is 3G technology and concepts. It introduced a new radio access network called UTRAN and a new air interface called WCDMA. The core network was initially based on GSM/GPRS but was expanded with new nodes. UMTS defined four quality of service classes and new protocols were introduced for the user plane and control plane in UTRAN and between network elements. Key concepts included serving and drift RNCs for soft handover, and SRNS relocation for changing the serving RNC.
GsmMustahid AliThe document summarizes the history and technical standards of GSM cellular networks. It describes how GSM networks are structured hierarchically with mobile switching centers, location areas, and base station controllers. It also explains the key identifiers used in GSM including the IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN, and MSRN. The document concludes by covering the frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access techniques used in GSM as well as some inefficiencies in the standard.
Lecture Notes - Introduction to Computer NetworkMurugan146644Description:
Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Computer Network concepts, tailored for final year B.Sc. Computer Science students affiliated with Alagappa University. This document covers fundamental principles and advanced topics in Computer Network. PDF content is prepared from the text book Computer Network by Andrew S. Tenanbaum
Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : Introduction to Computer Network
Sub-Topic : Uses of Computer Networks , Network Hardware and network software , OSI & TCP/IP Reference models, Example Networks : Internet.
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in Computer Network principles for academic.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in database management.
Disclaimer:
This document is intended for educational purposes only. The content presented here reflects the author’s understanding in the field of Computer Network as of 2024.
DSL a BriefShankarshana MuraleedaranThis document discusses Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology. It defines DSL as a technology that provides digital data transmission over telephone lines. It then describes different types of DSL technologies including ADSL, VDSL, and SDSL. It also discusses how DSL works by using different frequencies to transmit voice and data simultaneously over the same telephone line. Finally, it provides an overview of how DSL connectivity is established from the customer premises to the DSL access multiplexer (DSLAM) and further into the telephone company's network.
Broad Band technology, Next generation network (NGN),DSLAMsabzaleeThis document provides an overview of a workshop on broadband telecom networks. The objectives are to learn about reusing existing access networks for broadband services, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and upcoming broadband systems. Topics include the background of telecom networks, requirements for new access technologies, broadband technologies like DSL, and DSL architecture. DSL uses existing phone lines to provide broadband internet and other services at speeds greater than dial-up. It allows reuse of existing infrastructure at lower cost than alternatives.
Guided Transmission MediaRaksha RawatThis document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided and unguided media. It focuses on twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. For twisted pair cable, it describes the types of twisted pair cable and their pros and cons. It provides details on coaxial cable performance and applications. For fiber optic cable, it explains the basic elements of the cable including the core, cladding and jacket. It also discusses the propagation modes in fiber optic cables and provides a comparison of advantages and disadvantages between twisted pair, coaxial and fiber optic cables.
Dcn(data communication and computer network)Ramakrishna kapaData communications refers to the digital transmission of data between two or more connected computing devices. A computer network allows devices to exchange information by establishing physical or wireless connections. The Internet is the largest and best-known computer network, enabling global digital communication across vast distances.
3G vs 4G and Cellular NetworksAli GamalThis document compares 3G and 4G wireless technologies and discusses cellular networks. It provides an overview of each generation of wireless technology including their features and drawbacks. 1G used analog signals and had issues like poor voice quality. 2G enabled texting and MMS but had weaker signals. 3G increased speeds but required more bandwidth. 4G aims to provide speeds from 100Mbps to 1Gbps anywhere. The document also describes how cellular networks work using radio cells and handovers between base stations, and discusses technologies like CDMA and GSM used in mobile phone networks.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE-AdvancedNidhi_AroraCarrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE-Advanced to bond together multiple component carriers to increase overall transmission bandwidth beyond 20MHz and achieve higher data rates up to 1Gbps. It allows aggregation of up to 5 carriers that may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the same or different bands. The component carriers can have varying bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz. Carrier aggregation provides flexibility to efficiently use fragmented spectrum and achieve very high throughput using wider transmission bandwidths. It requires changes to the physical, MAC and RRC layers for proper operation across multiple carriers.
05 - Networking Components and Devices.pptssuserf7cd2bThis document provides an overview of common networking components and devices, including hubs, switches, bridges, repeaters, routers, gateways, CSU/DSUs, wireless access points, modems, network interface cards, transceivers, and firewalls. It describes the basic functions of each device and how they are used to connect systems and route data within networks.
Network componentsAnas KarzounThis document discusses the key components that make up a computer network. It describes both hardware components like PCs, switches, routers, and cables as well as software components like email services. It focuses on the equipment used in a lab network, including workstations equipped with network interface cards, intermediary devices like routers and switches that direct traffic, and various transmission cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It provides details on the functions of routers, switches, and hubs and describes common cable types and connectors used in setting up a local area network.
Ethernet fast & gigabitAnuj GuptaThe document discusses Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet upgrades standard Ethernet to support data rates up to 100 Mbps while keeping the same frame format and addresses. Gigabit Ethernet upgrades the data rate to 1 Gbps. Both support auto-negotiation and can use topologies like star, point-to-point, or hierarchy of stars. They can be implemented using cables like fiber optic or twisted pair cables.
Chapter 3Hajar LenA computer network connects devices together through communication devices and transmission media. TCP/IP is a common network protocol that defines how messages are routed between devices. Common network topologies include bus, star, and ring configurations. Hardware like network interface cards, hubs, routers, and switches facilitate device connections. Wireless technologies like WiFi and Bluetooth allow for device communication without cables.
Networking standardsOnline There are many standards organizations that establish networking standards. The key organizations discussed are IEEE, which establishes electrical and computer engineering standards; ISO, which sets international technological standards; ANSI, which represents the US in international standards setting; and organizations like IETF, IANA, and ICANN that set Internet protocols and manage IP addressing.
Communication standards ieee 802 3thanhtrung_ysThe document describes the various Ethernet standards developed by IEEE 802.3 over time, starting from 1973 with experimental Ethernet up to the most recent standards from 2012. Key standards included 10 Mbit/s Ethernet in 1983, 100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet in 1995, 1 Gbit/s Gigabit Ethernet in 1998, 10 Gbit/s Ethernet in 2003, and 40/100 Gbit/s Ethernet standards in 2010. The standards define various physical layer specifications for Ethernet over different cable types including coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable.
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIAKak YongThe document discusses different types of wireless transmission media including infrared, radio waves, and satellite. It describes that infrared devices typically need to be within 5 meters to communicate, while Bluetooth uses short-range radio waves with a 1Mbps transfer rate and 10 meter range. WiFi uses IEEE standards and can transfer data between 11-54 Mbps within 30 meters. Satellites receive microwave signals from earth, amplify them, and send them back over a wide area to multiple stations.
LTE @ Yogyakarta, 19 December 2001Arief GunawanThe document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
Dslghayour abbasDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that provides high-speed internet access over ordinary copper telephone lines. It allows digital data transmission and voice calls to occur simultaneously. There are different types of DSL that provide varying speeds depending on distance from the telephone exchange. DSL works by using a separate frequency spectrum from voice calls to transmit digital data at speeds much faster than a dial-up modem.
ModemvenaychawdaA modem is a device that allows computers to transmit data over telephone lines by converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa. Modems can be external, connecting to computers through serial or USB ports, or internal, inserting directly into expansion slots inside computers. Modem standards have evolved from early speeds of 300 bps up to 56 kbps with V.90 and V.92 standards, and modem types include cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN modems, and wireless modems.
broad band networksVikas JagtapA ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
Twisted pair cableSohag BabuTwisted pair cable is the simplest and oldest cable medium. It consists of two insulated copper wires twisted around each other to reduce electrical interference. Twisted pair can transmit data over several kilometers without amplification. The document discusses the characteristics, categories, and types of twisted pair cable including unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). UTP is the most common and lowest cost but has limitations on distance, bandwidth, and susceptibility to noise, while STP has better protection from interference.
Wcdma channels Manish SrivastavaWCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
Linkmeup v23-compass-eoseucariotThe document discusses optical interconnect technology for routers. It describes how conventional copper interconnects have limitations like power consumption and distance, while optical interconnects using fibers can transfer data over longer distances with lower power. The D-chip is presented as the first commercial router product using optical interconnect between silicon chips. It provides over 1 terabit per second bandwidth density and can scale to support future networking needs. The document also outlines how an output queued router architecture using optical interconnects between line cards improves performance for multicast traffic compared to a conventional router design.
Linkmeup. Talks about network virtaulization and SDNAlexander FatinMy presentation for Linkmeup podcast where we were talking about network virtualization concept and SDN concapt.
3G vs 4G and Cellular NetworksAli GamalThis document compares 3G and 4G wireless technologies and discusses cellular networks. It provides an overview of each generation of wireless technology including their features and drawbacks. 1G used analog signals and had issues like poor voice quality. 2G enabled texting and MMS but had weaker signals. 3G increased speeds but required more bandwidth. 4G aims to provide speeds from 100Mbps to 1Gbps anywhere. The document also describes how cellular networks work using radio cells and handovers between base stations, and discusses technologies like CDMA and GSM used in mobile phone networks.
Carrier Aggregation in LTE-AdvancedNidhi_AroraCarrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE-Advanced to bond together multiple component carriers to increase overall transmission bandwidth beyond 20MHz and achieve higher data rates up to 1Gbps. It allows aggregation of up to 5 carriers that may be contiguous or non-contiguous in the same or different bands. The component carriers can have varying bandwidths from 1.4MHz to 20MHz. Carrier aggregation provides flexibility to efficiently use fragmented spectrum and achieve very high throughput using wider transmission bandwidths. It requires changes to the physical, MAC and RRC layers for proper operation across multiple carriers.
05 - Networking Components and Devices.pptssuserf7cd2bThis document provides an overview of common networking components and devices, including hubs, switches, bridges, repeaters, routers, gateways, CSU/DSUs, wireless access points, modems, network interface cards, transceivers, and firewalls. It describes the basic functions of each device and how they are used to connect systems and route data within networks.
Network componentsAnas KarzounThis document discusses the key components that make up a computer network. It describes both hardware components like PCs, switches, routers, and cables as well as software components like email services. It focuses on the equipment used in a lab network, including workstations equipped with network interface cards, intermediary devices like routers and switches that direct traffic, and various transmission cables like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It provides details on the functions of routers, switches, and hubs and describes common cable types and connectors used in setting up a local area network.
Ethernet fast & gigabitAnuj GuptaThe document discusses Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. Fast Ethernet upgrades standard Ethernet to support data rates up to 100 Mbps while keeping the same frame format and addresses. Gigabit Ethernet upgrades the data rate to 1 Gbps. Both support auto-negotiation and can use topologies like star, point-to-point, or hierarchy of stars. They can be implemented using cables like fiber optic or twisted pair cables.
Chapter 3Hajar LenA computer network connects devices together through communication devices and transmission media. TCP/IP is a common network protocol that defines how messages are routed between devices. Common network topologies include bus, star, and ring configurations. Hardware like network interface cards, hubs, routers, and switches facilitate device connections. Wireless technologies like WiFi and Bluetooth allow for device communication without cables.
Networking standardsOnline There are many standards organizations that establish networking standards. The key organizations discussed are IEEE, which establishes electrical and computer engineering standards; ISO, which sets international technological standards; ANSI, which represents the US in international standards setting; and organizations like IETF, IANA, and ICANN that set Internet protocols and manage IP addressing.
Communication standards ieee 802 3thanhtrung_ysThe document describes the various Ethernet standards developed by IEEE 802.3 over time, starting from 1973 with experimental Ethernet up to the most recent standards from 2012. Key standards included 10 Mbit/s Ethernet in 1983, 100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet in 1995, 1 Gbit/s Gigabit Ethernet in 1998, 10 Gbit/s Ethernet in 2003, and 40/100 Gbit/s Ethernet standards in 2010. The standards define various physical layer specifications for Ethernet over different cable types including coaxial cable, twisted pair, and fiber optic cable.
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIAKak YongThe document discusses different types of wireless transmission media including infrared, radio waves, and satellite. It describes that infrared devices typically need to be within 5 meters to communicate, while Bluetooth uses short-range radio waves with a 1Mbps transfer rate and 10 meter range. WiFi uses IEEE standards and can transfer data between 11-54 Mbps within 30 meters. Satellites receive microwave signals from earth, amplify them, and send them back over a wide area to multiple stations.
LTE @ Yogyakarta, 19 December 2001Arief GunawanThe document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and technology. It discusses the drivers for LTE including higher data rates and lower latency. It describes the evolution from 3G networks to LTE, which features a simplified all-IP architecture without circuit-switched elements. Key aspects of LTE include OFDMA modulation, support for bandwidths up to 20 MHz, and peak data rates of 100 Mbps downstream and 50 Mbps upstream.
Dslghayour abbasDSL (Digital Subscriber Line) is a technology that provides high-speed internet access over ordinary copper telephone lines. It allows digital data transmission and voice calls to occur simultaneously. There are different types of DSL that provide varying speeds depending on distance from the telephone exchange. DSL works by using a separate frequency spectrum from voice calls to transmit digital data at speeds much faster than a dial-up modem.
ModemvenaychawdaA modem is a device that allows computers to transmit data over telephone lines by converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa. Modems can be external, connecting to computers through serial or USB ports, or internal, inserting directly into expansion slots inside computers. Modem standards have evolved from early speeds of 300 bps up to 56 kbps with V.90 and V.92 standards, and modem types include cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN modems, and wireless modems.
broad band networksVikas JagtapA ‘Baseband’ Network is one in which the cable or other network medium can carry only a single signal at any one time.
A ‘Broadband’ network on the other hand can carry multiple signals simultaneously, (using a discrete part of the cables bandwidth for each signal.)
As an example of broadband network, consider the cable television service that you probably have in your home. Although only one cable runs at your TV, it supplies you with dozens of channels of programming at the same time.
Twisted pair cableSohag BabuTwisted pair cable is the simplest and oldest cable medium. It consists of two insulated copper wires twisted around each other to reduce electrical interference. Twisted pair can transmit data over several kilometers without amplification. The document discusses the characteristics, categories, and types of twisted pair cable including unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). UTP is the most common and lowest cost but has limitations on distance, bandwidth, and susceptibility to noise, while STP has better protection from interference.
Wcdma channels Manish SrivastavaWCDMA uses an OSI model with 7 layers. The lower 3 layers - physical, data link, and network layers - are most important for WCDMA. The physical layer uses different physical channels to transmit data over the air interface. Logical channels define how data is transferred, transport channels define how data is transmitted, and physical channels carry payload data and define signal characteristics. There are three types of channels - logical, transport, and physical - that work together to transmit various types of control and traffic data between the UE and base station.
Linkmeup v23-compass-eoseucariotThe document discusses optical interconnect technology for routers. It describes how conventional copper interconnects have limitations like power consumption and distance, while optical interconnects using fibers can transfer data over longer distances with lower power. The D-chip is presented as the first commercial router product using optical interconnect between silicon chips. It provides over 1 terabit per second bandwidth density and can scale to support future networking needs. The document also outlines how an output queued router architecture using optical interconnects between line cards improves performance for multicast traffic compared to a conventional router design.
Linkmeup. Talks about network virtaulization and SDNAlexander FatinMy presentation for Linkmeup podcast where we were talking about network virtualization concept and SDN concapt.
STP family and alternative protocols for L2eucariotThis document contains a list of 13 references to technical documents related to networking protocols such as spanning tree protocol, multiple instance spanning tree protocol, per VLAN spanning tree protocol, Flexlink, and TRILL. The references provide documentation on configuration guides, design guides, and blog posts about these protocols from Cisco, H3C, and other networking organizations.
Unl intro presentation fineucariotThe document discusses Unified Networking Lab (UNetLab), a network emulation platform that allows for multi-hypervisor support within a single virtual machine. UNetLab can be run on VMware Workstation, ESXi, or Linux and supports emulation of routers, switches, firewalls, and other network devices from vendors like Cisco, Juniper, F5, Checkpoint and more. It provides web-based lab design and management, active topology diagrams, remote access to nodes, and other benefits for network simulation and training. Future plans include additional configuration and design capabilities.
RUNOS OpenFlow controller (ru)Alexander ShalimovThis talk (in Russian) is about RUNOS OpenFlow controller publicly available at https://github.com/ARCCN/runos. Feel free to contact me if you have questions.
Создание и развитие отечественной платформы с открытым программным кодом для ...ARCCNДоклад в рамках Международной конференции «Управление сетями электросвязи. Программно-конфигурируемые сети и виртуализация сетевых функций – SDN&NFV Russia 2016».
Внедрение SDN в сети телеком-оператораARCCNДоклад Вячеслав Васина, директора департамента сетевых решений ЦПИКС, на Российском сетевом форуме (RUS.NET) 22 ноября 2016
Пилотные зоны для тестирования и апробирования SDN&NFV разработок и решений в...ARCCNДоклад Александра Шалимова, к.ф.-м.н., руководитель направления разработки SDN решений, на SDN&NFV Russia 2017
Отчет «Центра прикладных исследований компьютерных сетей» на Совете фонда "Ск...ARCCNОтчет генерального директора ЦПИКС проф. Руслана Смелянского на Консультационном научном совете фонда "Сколково", 7 октября 2016 года
Применение технологий SDN в кампусных сетяхARCCNАлександр Петровский, архитектор решений Hewlett-Packard Enterprise с докладом «Применение технологий SDN в кампусных сетях»
Построение транспортных SDN сетей для операторов связиARCCNДоклад Александра Шалимова, RunSDN, ЦПИКС, на ежегодном заседании участников Консорциума университетов по SDN технологиям, май 2017
Тестирование QoS на экспериментальном стендеARCCNДоклад Дмитрия Чугреева, НИУ ИТМО, на семинаре "Технологии программно-конфигурируемых сетей в научной и образовательной среде"
Возможности импортозамещения коммутационного оборудования в сетях нового пок...ARCCNДоклад Вячеслава Васина, директор департамента сетевых решений ЦПИКС, на конференции "Локализация производства и импортозамещение коммуникационного и радиоэлектронного оборудования, приборов и устройств для ИКТ отрасли России", 15 февраля 2017 года.
Контроль услуг и приложений в центрах обработки данных нового поколенияCisco Russia Контроль услуг и приложений в центрах обработки данных нового поколения
Практическое применение SDN/NFV в современных сетях: от CPE до Internet eXchangeARCCNСергей Монин — руководитель Центра Тестирования решений в области SDN/NFV компании Центр прикладных исследований компьютерных сетей (ЦПИКС) с докладом «Практическое применение SDN/NFV в современных сетях: от CPE до Internet eXchange»
Программируемые и программно-определяемые инфраструктуры ЦОД. Развитие подходовCisco Russia Программируемые и программно-определяемые инфраструктуры ЦОД. Развитие подходов
3. Что такое SDN/OpenFlow?
Основные принципы
• Физическое разделение уровня передачи данных от уровня
управления сетевых устройств.
• Логически централизованное управление.
• Программируемость.
• Открытый единый интерфейс управления.
Преимущества
• Упрощение управления
сетью (OPEX)
• Удешевление
оборудования (CAPEX)
• Разработка ранее
недоступных сервисов
Внедрения
...
“SDN means thinking differently about networking”
SDN = Software Defined Networking
4. Основы ПКС (SDN/OpenFlow)
A
B
• Неизвестный пакет отправляется на контроллер (OF_PACKET_IN).
• Контроллер вычисляет лучший маршрут через всю сеть (с наименьшей
стоимостью и удовлетворяющий политикам маршрутизации).
• Соответствующие правила OpenFlow устанавливаются на коммутаторы + сразу
и обратный маршрут (OF_PACKET_OUT/FLOW_MOD).
A
B
A -> B
OpenFlow
контроллер
хост/клиент
хост/клиент
коммутатор 1 коммутатор 2
коммутатор 3 коммутатор 4
5. Основы ПКС (SDN/OpenFlow)
A
B
• Неизвестный пакет отправляется на контроллер (OF_PACKET_IN).
• Контроллер вычисляет лучший маршрут через всю сеть (с наименьшей
стоимостью и удовлетворяющий политикам маршрутизации).
• Соответствующие правила OpenFlow устанавливаются на коммутаторы + сразу
и обратный маршрут (OF_PACKET_OUT/FLOW_MOD).
• Динамическая переконфигурация в случае ошибки сети.
A
B
OpenFlow
контроллер
хост/клиент
хост/клиент
коммутатор 1 коммутатор 2
коммутатор 3 коммутатор 4
7. Архитектура SDN/OpenFlow контроллера
С технической стороны:
• OpenFlow контроллер – это обычный TCP/IP сервер, слущающий сокет 6653,
к которому подключаются OpenFlow коммутаторы
• OpenFlow – протокол прикладного уровня, описывающий взаимодействие
контроллер/коммутатор.
• Т.е. контроллер – это ПО, устаналиваемое на компьютер с традиционной
ОС.
Общая
архитектура
Функциональность
Производительность
8. Список контроллеров
• OpenFlow контроллеров действительно
много
– Nox, Pox, MUL, Ruy, Beacon, OpenDaylight,
Floodlight, Maestro, McNettle, Flower, Runos
– Разные языки программирования от Python
до Haskell, Erlang
• Для обучения все используют Pox.
• В целом eсть два больших комьюнити:
– Floodlight (BigSwitch, Stanford)
– OpenDayLight (Cisco)
• В России наш Runos
– arccn.github.io/runos
9. Требования к контроллеру ПКС
• Производительность
– Пропускная способность
• events per second
– Задержка
• us
• Надежность и безопасность
– 24/7
• Программируемость
– Функциональность: приложения и сервисы
– Интерфейс программирования
• ЦОД требует обработку
>10M событий в секунду
• Реактивные
контроллеры более
“чувствительные”
10. Результаты сравнения (2013)
• Максимальная производительность 7 000 000 потоков в
секунду.
• Минимальное время задержки от 50 до 75 мкс.
• Недостатки:
– Надежность контроллеров вызывала вопросы
– Производительность была не достаточна (DC >10M fps)
11. Программируемость
• На языке контроллера [быстро]
• На любом языке через REST
интерфейс [медленно]
• Специальные языки
программирования с другой
абстракцией (например, Pyretic,
Maple)
13. Примеры проблем
Проблема запуска нескольких приложений, интеграция с
приложениями других разработчиков
– требуется статическая подстройка приложений под себя, порядок и
способ передачи информации между ними.
– нет механизма контроля и разрешения конфликтов между
приложениями (генерация пересекающихся правил).
Forwarding SPAN
OpenFlow
ip_dst:10.0.0.1
Rule 1
Rule 2
Flow table
Rule 1 (fwd): ip_src:10.0.0.1 -> output:1
Rule 2 (span): ip_src:10.0.0.1 -> output:5
New
packet
never used
14. Проблемы с OpenFlow коммутаторами
• Не дешевые
– И даже дороже - поддержка
• Не поддерживается весь OpenFlow
– Несколько таблиц, групповые таблицы, QoS
• Не быстрые
– Общение с контроллером (packet_in, packet_out),
– Загрузка новых правил (flow_mod)
– Перезапись полей заголовка
– Сравнение по факту только full tuple
• Почему так?
– Гибридные решения
– Теже Broadcom чипсеты, в планах вроде даже и нет.
• Выход?
– Сейчас сетевые процессоры
16. С чего начать изучение SDN?
Широкий набор обучающих инструментов:
– Mininet
– Pox, Floodlight, OpenDayLight
– FlowVisor
http://archive.openflow.org/wk/index.php/OpenFlow_Tutorial
19. Телеком
1. Интеллектуальный Traffic Engineering:
• Выбор оптимального пути
• Реакция на отказ канала
• Резервирование пропускной способности
20. Телеком
• Как применить все это на практике?
– Greenfield?
– Проблемы интеграции с традиционной сетью
• Нужно подыгрывать протоколам традиционной
сети, т.е. правильно отвечать на запросы.
• Чем меньше стыков с традиционной сетью, тем
лучше.
– Проблема интеграции с существующими
системами управления
21. Телеком
2. Переход на виртуальные сетевый
сервисы (NFV)
• Динамическое развертывание
• Связывание сервисов в цепочки
23. ЦОД/Облака
• Повышение утилизации оборудования и каналов
• Мониторинг и оптимизация потоков
• Виртуализация сети пользователей
• Балансировка нагрузки
• Обеспечение качества доступа
24. ЦОД/Облака
• Как правило есть два SDN
– Без OpenFlow и так есть в OpenStack
• ТОЛЬКО виртуальные каналы
• Туннели, таблицы, новые VM, политики
– С OpenFlow для управление физическими
устройствами
• Качество канала, определение узких мест
25. Корпоративная сеть
• Современные компания имеют сложную сетевую
инфраструктуру:
– Большое количество сетевых элементов
– Разветвленная топология
– Набор различных потилик маршрутизации и безопасности
26. Трудности администрирования
• Сетевые администраторы отвечают за поддержания
работы сетевой инфраструктуры:
– Сетевые инженеры руками переводят высокоуровневые политики
в низкоуровневые команды
– Ручная настройка всех сетевых устройств
– Ограниченный инструментарий по управлению сетевыми
устройствами
– Переучивание под каждого вендора
27. Возможности
1. Сделать сеть управляемой без
ручного доступа к оборудования.
2. Повысить уровень абстракции
управления сетью.
3. Более продвинутый zeroconf
28. Easyway
[4] A. Shalimov, D. Morkovnik, S. Nizovtsev, R. Smeliansky EasyWay: Simplifying and
automating enterprise network management with SDN/OpenFlow// 10th Central and
Eastern European Software Engineering Conference in Russia, CEE-SECR 2014б, ACM
SIGSOFT, Moscow, Russia.
29. Заключение
• Нет чистых стартапов по SDN и нет продуктов для
обычных людей.
• Применение только в больших компаниях.
• Продукты только от производителей сетевого
оборудования.
• Открытость? Программируемость? Пока нет.
• Нет чистых железных OpenFlow коммутаторов.
• Применение в основном на программных
коммутаторах совместно с другими технологиями
(NFV, OpenStack).
Editor's Notes
#4: Проблемы традиционных сетей
Сложность управления большими сетями
Миллионы строк закрытого проприетарного кода
Дороговизна оборудования
Невозможноть внедрения новых идей
#8: Отметить, что это НЕ железное устройство, на системы на чипе, это программа, т.е. ПО. Возможно в будущем будет создана специальная ОС, где модули контроллера уже будут внутри.
#10: Почему сейчас программируемость – производительность не так важна из-за проблем со свитчами.
Да и в целом разработка идет монолитно, если программы работают правильно отдельно, то не обязательно правильно вместе.
#15: Я уже отмечал, что они не дешевые, не весь ОпенФлоу, не быстрые.
Тоже и White Switch и OpenNetworkLinux
#16: Рассказать кратко про проблему распределенности.
Отказоустойчивость и масштабирование по нагрузке
Уменьшение задержек