![Se*ond Lallg*lsge Reg*lisEtion
ii fhe Ácgarbrtrbn learning Hypoühesrs
i/s.
Ther+ t'¡¡rr
rrrqr iifterent
r,ria'rr devel'-rf sliill..: ;r:recr,¡nd
rrl in':l rn lan¡¡ua¡tre.
',4r:quts,,r-,'*tl ¡liiduct ,:f a ¡ub,:,rnmir-rut
rr the procees mcum in a naiutr,l
ihal envir¡nn¡ent rf ihe learnefsnee,J
oul
io crinltnunt*ate.r¡ r-iery
Il sttnilar ihe piocees
lo chrldrenunrier¡¡o
trr,,hen acquire
ihe,¡ lheii linl language requrres
ll
nteaningiul ir-rt*r¡i:tiiin lh+ tui¡r*tianguage ¡lalL¡ral
in - r:ommunrcatir.¡n whuh sp*akemare c*ncentraierl r¡n
- ir¡ ni¡i
thsl':rtir ihtiruli*:i¡nce:,r, lheci,mnlunicalti¡e[h¡ acquiiilion
uf hulun acl conlnrunir:alli¡e
language
¡:riruicl*s
'L+*tni*gl rr the pn-rdut:t firrfiial ¡nslru'-:lt*rr rt currrprises ci]nri{:irruri
uf and a t'rtcÉEs whlr:;h
re,qulhirt r:,:¡tirlii¡u.-r
lin¡wied,]e,l-¡br:L¡t,thei¡nüui¡tle|e.g,l.nt:l,rll+,Jqe¡-,igtairirnarrr-i|erj..A,c,:r"rrilinq1t: ltrel:hen,
tntptiri;ui ';it:;cluirilir:n'
ih;rn Acquisilirrn realroad nrastery a for+ign
is lhe l¡ rrl ti¡nguiJge
ii] l*e .lJafuraiOrder ffypoÉhesis
The' arqurlrtriin i¡ra mat¡r:irl
iii m shu,-:lL¡res
follnvs a prerJr,:table
liatur;rl ord+r, as rri f rst lanrtua¡1e
a,:,lrrirrtrr:n,
rtuii+ntr; lhriru,:lh s*ries i.r[ilag*rl, acquiring d¡fl-ereni
'r¡r: ¡r lhe grcr*imulit:irl
ni,riphenres reguliirarrtl¡rr+diifahle
rn
EtquÉü¡:eÍFa¡1ii-:ular ¡tructl-ires a*quirerJ
¡Irantmatical are rn:taqer, an,Ji;+fiainstrurtl-¡r+s b* acqurre,l
*¡ll ear¡,¡
aniirih+r¡l*ie Thir;c'rder independ*rrtlherrluirent'¡
ii r¡f h¡irr,;qrr:unrj
iiii ihe'Ji,fon¡"for'
ffypoffresrs
The t¡'¡nilur hyprilheiilr '.rlale¡thai acqursi{icn. l*arnin¡I. reepi'nsihle
ntl i-* for our fluencyin secrinilian¡lua;ie
p*ifuimanc*i-iiil]lrciir,urilearning il+ u¡ed ;rs an eiiil¡r ihal is uieti üi *heck*n +uipul ¡t arriue¡¡n ih*.'ir,,J,
c,sn ar
'+i-¡¡:n
il-r;^es
ir-ir¡dilitr¡:i met i1j the langurLJe
¡¡r* leffn+rhas =Lifl¡cient ¡¡i his/her
iirne ili:rpgsal, l-relsl-re
i2i r,,n
frrr,,,_t:,et,
[.r|ifj¡i-]|1hirlli:¡lbi.ul.--il||er-:ti'¡É5:.i,andfJh*irh*l¡iir,',,,,,,.r|htruieTlie'm,:nit,¡r,hasap|anrrrnÉ|,.,jit'ng
lut-rtfi'ln tncintir,'r :hr.rLtld ntinr:t,
Th+ rtle he sin*elheleirrn¿r ,rnlr¡
*¡rn "'
applyl'orninlly
leameii rules.
ivi l-he InpuÉffyp+fhesris
Tlie ie¡¡m*r imprr-rr,,r: pfrJqfeiis*Li
and Eli{t-u¡ 'n..rtural
ih* qr¡,1+r,
when hejshereceiuera st_lfiicient amoL¡riiof
'tttrnptehenstble trrput'.lt'r,'e
lrcquireinot leanri langunge thal is slighllyLre,r,oncl currenllevel ai acquired
c,ur
i:'":rnpetence a i+¡¡rtrer at a siutl*'i', then acquniirtn
ll i* lakespla,:e-wt-ien hl*ne ls expose,J r:onrprehensih,ie
l,-r
inpLri lhat bei*nci¡ i+uel'i +'l'. Linguistr':
ür' prüüfes$ in ihe efiorlnrarle
lie¡ t,r,:,im¡lrehen,J tiinilof input
thi¡
C':tnprehen:rtble ts prtvtd*dli','ensufin¡tr the learner given
inpul thai is enough non-linguistic to enable úr
-Grar¡r¡atnally cues him
her lrt dect¡rhrrth+ merri¡ile ,.,r¡ithr-rut
uncleml*nilin,l
ev*r.fihing the le¡J.
in s+quenred inpulrs nal
helpful
V] The AffecÉiyeFr¡ferÉ/ypoÉhesis
l-ireirflei:ttvr: lri a "tn'¡nlal
llll*r blocli' Inputniu:¡tl¡e e.s.Fisft€,,frced cori,Jrlions lowerlhe anxrety raise
Lln,Jer lhal and
lhe mirttu¡lti¡n :;ell-image lhe learrier l4r:,ln¡alion,
and of s"lf-,;onJi,Jence anxiefy
irnrl play a {acil¡la¡ve, non-
bul
t¡¡Euirl, rrr-!LA LearnerE hrghrnrrliv;rtir,rr¡
rr.rle wilh ,l áú._¡rl
-relf-rnnJl,lenc:e. nelf_trnage,'ur,¿ levelr:f anxie! are
á to*
[i*iterequip¡r*tj sLli:cr¡lin:]e¡;rrrlrj
i,rr lan¡¡uaqe;rcquisiti*n](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secondlangiageacquisistion-110530152347-phpapp01/85/Second-language-acquisition-1-320.jpg)
![. L! tli-jqutsiliún aí-:c{jfdinq
[ii't¡tÉ.re{Js li' l-'rediclaL'leslager.
" [legree rrr:quisitir.in
rl irrc¡relat+ilwiththelimerri¡¡-¡ilabl+ farinslrur:tlon
tl-lhrl'Jt+n irr:qLiir*langluage in ltrr¡¡-;¡nriiety
L'e:;l errrtfünm+nts
-
o CLlilule r:ltiriely
i'.,r ¡*l¡¡ted lattglunlle i:,i e:r-.rentral
l,¡ r¡lrd an cornpr-in*ntrrfinslri¡clic,n
" r:rr¡
l'",1ear¡inll b* c¡n rnL¡ticriled Ll r,i¡ithrlutlhe tf theL1
inthe Lls*
* f frtlihen ;ii-:ilLtire
langlLt;r11* ;rfocLr:-,r
ihniugh r-rn nteaning r¡rther ün üram
{h¡rn flsr
n ühildr+n ini¡r-rlv+mitüir::-ret],1+:j arquiiiiir:rn
inthe [_iti4e3s.
*il'1e'.rniirijrntheL]i:;+::tab|r'.:h*ri,ina:li:ht.''i|relirnl,ihr':ughlh+maiir:,irrtegrltiteapprr'iar:|rei|ll.jr]Jill{
lfr*i:irrrl*nt tl're
lf genelal rurri,::ulLim
" l',,'1+¡rnilr!J
r:-;
e¡labll.rh*'J i¡isu¡il
tl¡rr_ru,lh cu*¡.
t-lhil,lreir ;¡ilittlite
lanr¡uag* tlirtugh*xlended h:;tening e.r.ptsr¡*n{]esnegtlrati*¡ nreanrrrr¡
an'J f,:r
"
'} A t*l*i¡¡nl rneanini¡ful rronle-:CiÉne,.:É'iisary f,:rreFre,:lii.,e
lantuage acquisiti6n
(j;-rn ir
" TheTe¡rrlheni t-tip vrlt'ie' t':':hriiilu*= nral<e
rif lir. languirlle unrler.¡tandal¡hi!l r:hil,Jren
l:ii fitl-rfhen::iihl*
e inputj
' Llhiiijr*n iir:rluilelarrguerge lhniugh tash lhatare appropillrtetrith*irilevelopmenlal ie,;el
D nt m;lnr¡rulation is ner:esliary yrrungler
fcrr slLrd*nls
'it+
r-' lan;1ua{e anali,,nm begins {lirle
laler adr.rle:i'_:ent:eJ
i:,lderstudenb rjenrand
i:lten m¡relranslatirins
'r
. Fl¡¡i* ile¡.1reeL2 ir*qutrritioti r¡ffei:teil ditl-erentslLl'J+nt srles.
irttii iii are by l*anring
. Le¡rrrre.rr'-c*rrterr,,rl fanl¡tales
¡n:itr¡-rr:t¡rrn recrrnd-larrgLrage ar:quirrlirin
Tlre:*ih*r¡ri+:i thirl
{-:lllirr children
learnlanguages when:
best
, T*ir¡:h*t:l cr.ririjLlllin.rh'uttinn
in th*lirrgellirnguaqe'¡,¡rlh oftheniiliv+
nr use language. Th4largellanguir5le
¡¡nd nirtiv*
ihe i;rrrqr_ia¡ieliepldÉlini.-tli¡:rep;rr*t*
irr*
' Te¡lh+n r+t'¡ilnl¡e ltrirntmirsiir:llve rrfmeanrng lalherlhan pasrive rer:eivemvo,:..rllLrlary
i'f
'-:0-r:r'¡rrslrui:hlr:
¡rn,ilinhrmalitrr The'.¡Gcafir,ldin:rtrur:titn lhritlearne¡s
so l:,ecc,meinrreasingly urchperrdent.
= L**rnini; *i-:':L¡ri ineaniri¡lful,
itl rc'mm¡rnic;iiiu* r+nl*¡h thatr,rirl¡siqnifi,;ance slL¡,jenl.
f¡;rlhe
n litlructir:tr allei:tivel'¡
i:r *n,rü-ürnf, rnacie rnearringful rnemrtr¡ihl*
anr-l lhnrugthai:livilies asstarytellrng,
such
{ij fnÉri,nii¡¡¡llr, rn anilcelehratirnr.
ilrrr ¡
= L*:-¡rnirr$is r-rr-qanizedin t*rrris*ltnnr-:rete r,'isuals,
e:.rperienrer-i prr¡is,realia, hanrls-o¡
anrJ activilies.
* Learneis surr¡Lliriled meanini_rlLrllanuirilge,
;ire r,uiih br¡th riral¡rnd
wr¡üen. beginnino
front lhiciugh ¡ilvanr:ecj
lil,-r,l t l I¿¡fru l.¡,1 ;,ri:qr:iS
*1, rl r: iliiitt
' ¡.s::;Ésl:irenl oi leanrtng liequ*nlrei¡ulai on¡¡oin,r isr:rtnrjucted manner isco¡sistenl
ri and and in a that vu1h
ih+prr:grarr glirali lear:hing
and shaiegies
* ÜL¡iiLit+ is l*rueil thniugh H.{FedÉrces *ultLrr-al
wrth nt;rieri¡ih pr;rr;tir:es
anil Elemerft fr¡rr thelargetlanguaqe
r:itlir:rr er;:_renlr¡l
¡irc t:lnrprnent: allplannin¡¡ teir,:hing.
iif anii
* Flanntnii t:rf[],?il¡:Éd
lrj ¡rrrtunil themat¡:
¡ center ther*r; ¡rbalance
anrl afrt':-r¡ü basi,:
lhe goals i:ulture,
6f
iuhj*r:lri¡r¡leni lringuageure
iinil in
¡lrLrrririil¡:m rn-rlrur,-lir_rn
anil ¡lret¡rqr_¡ni¿ed
ircr:orilin¡iacr¡nrmrirricaliue.:,,illahus
trr
" islherlhrrn glrirnrrrririlcirl
a
:ryllahLi::r
n Acii'¡ittt:r¡rreilearecj iulhei¡tuni¡ learrrersinlerer-rlr,roginiilvelevel,
rnotursliillsant1e.r.perientirl
Lraul,:gro¡-lnd
The'¡ Liertgntd appealta varie,'of
are lo a learnrngslyles, adrlress
lrr mullrpleinlelligerues ¡ incorporale
anrJ
flequ* r-rl ¡rp+r'tu iir li:r phy:; irI a*tivih¡
r: n es r*
frirm
fl,,r*pfed Cr,'l¿rii Fe.l¡i¿lgg4J
&](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secondlangiageacquisistion-110530152347-phpapp01/85/Second-language-acquisition-2-320.jpg)
Second language acquisition
- 1. Se*ond Lallg*lsge Reg*lisEtion ii fhe Ácgarbrtrbn learning Hypoühesrs i/s. Ther+ t'¡¡rr rrrqr iifterent r,ria'rr devel'-rf sliill..: ;r:recr,¡nd rrl in':l rn lan¡¡ua¡tre. ',4r:quts,,r-,'*tl ¡liiduct ,:f a ¡ub,:,rnmir-rut rr the procees mcum in a naiutr,l ihal envir¡nn¡ent rf ihe learnefsnee,J oul io crinltnunt*ate.r¡ r-iery Il sttnilar ihe piocees lo chrldrenunrier¡¡o trr,,hen acquire ihe,¡ lheii linl language requrres ll nteaningiul ir-rt*r¡i:tiiin lh+ tui¡r*tianguage ¡lalL¡ral in - r:ommunrcatir.¡n whuh sp*akemare c*ncentraierl r¡n - ir¡ ni¡i thsl':rtir ihtiruli*:i¡nce:,r, lheci,mnlunicalti¡e[h¡ acquiiilion uf hulun acl conlnrunir:alli¡e language ¡:riruicl*s 'L+*tni*gl rr the pn-rdut:t firrfiial ¡nslru'-:lt*rr rt currrprises ci]nri{:irruri uf and a t'rtcÉEs whlr:;h re,qulhirt r:,:¡tirlii¡u.-r lin¡wied,]e,l-¡br:L¡t,thei¡nüui¡tle|e.g,l.nt:l,rll+,Jqe¡-,igtairirnarrr-i|erj..A,c,:r"rrilinq1t: ltrel:hen, tntptiri;ui ';it:;cluirilir:n' ih;rn Acquisilirrn realroad nrastery a for+ign is lhe l¡ rrl ti¡nguiJge ii] l*e .lJafuraiOrder ffypoÉhesis The' arqurlrtriin i¡ra mat¡r:irl iii m shu,-:lL¡res follnvs a prerJr,:table liatur;rl ord+r, as rri f rst lanrtua¡1e a,:,lrrirrtrr:n, rtuii+ntr; lhriru,:lh s*ries i.r[ilag*rl, acquiring d¡fl-ereni 'r¡r: ¡r lhe grcr*imulit:irl ni,riphenres reguliirarrtl¡rr+diifahle rn EtquÉü¡:eÍFa¡1ii-:ular ¡tructl-ires a*quirerJ ¡Irantmatical are rn:taqer, an,Ji;+fiainstrurtl-¡r+s b* acqurre,l *¡ll ear¡,¡ aniirih+r¡l*ie Thir;c'rder independ*rrtlherrluirent'¡ ii r¡f h¡irr,;qrr:unrj iiii ihe'Ji,fon¡"for' ffypoffresrs The t¡'¡nilur hyprilheiilr '.rlale¡thai acqursi{icn. l*arnin¡I. reepi'nsihle ntl i-* for our fluencyin secrinilian¡lua;ie p*ifuimanc*i-iiil]lrciir,urilearning il+ u¡ed ;rs an eiiil¡r ihal is uieti üi *heck*n +uipul ¡t arriue¡¡n ih*.'ir,,J, c,sn ar '+i-¡¡:n il-r;^es ir-ir¡dilitr¡:i met i1j the langurLJe ¡¡r* leffn+rhas =Lifl¡cient ¡¡i his/her iirne ili:rpgsal, l-relsl-re i2i r,,n frrr,,,_t:,et, [.r|ifj¡i-]|1hirlli:¡lbi.ul.--il||er-:ti'¡É5:.i,andfJh*irh*l¡iir,',,,,,,.r|htruieTlie'm,:nit,¡r,hasap|anrrrnÉ|,.,jit'ng lut-rtfi'ln tncintir,'r :hr.rLtld ntinr:t, Th+ rtle he sin*elheleirrn¿r ,rnlr¡ *¡rn "' applyl'orninlly leameii rules. ivi l-he InpuÉffyp+fhesris Tlie ie¡¡m*r imprr-rr,,r: pfrJqfeiis*Li and Eli{t-u¡ 'n..rtural ih* qr¡,1+r, when hejshereceiuera st_lfiicient amoL¡riiof 'tttrnptehenstble trrput'.lt'r,'e lrcquireinot leanri langunge thal is slighllyLre,r,oncl currenllevel ai acquired c,ur i:'":rnpetence a i+¡¡rtrer at a siutl*'i', then acquniirtn ll i* lakespla,:e-wt-ien hl*ne ls expose,J r:onrprehensih,ie l,-r inpLri lhat bei*nci¡ i+uel'i +'l'. Linguistr': ür' prüüfes$ in ihe efiorlnrarle lie¡ t,r,:,im¡lrehen,J tiinilof input thi¡ C':tnprehen:rtble ts prtvtd*dli','ensufin¡tr the learner given inpul thai is enough non-linguistic to enable úr -Grar¡r¡atnally cues him her lrt dect¡rhrrth+ merri¡ile ,.,r¡ithr-rut uncleml*nilin,l ev*r.fihing the le¡J. in s+quenred inpulrs nal helpful V] The AffecÉiyeFr¡ferÉ/ypoÉhesis l-ireirflei:ttvr: lri a "tn'¡nlal llll*r blocli' Inputniu:¡tl¡e e.s.Fisft€,,frced cori,Jrlions lowerlhe anxrety raise Lln,Jer lhal and lhe mirttu¡lti¡n :;ell-image lhe learrier l4r:,ln¡alion, and of s"lf-,;onJi,Jence anxiefy irnrl play a {acil¡la¡ve, non- bul t¡¡Euirl, rrr-!LA LearnerE hrghrnrrliv;rtir,rr¡ rr.rle wilh ,l áú._¡rl -relf-rnnJl,lenc:e. nelf_trnage,'ur,¿ levelr:f anxie! are á to* [i*iterequip¡r*tj sLli:cr¡lin:]e¡;rrrlrj i,rr lan¡¡uaqe;rcquisiti*n
- 2. . L! tli-jqutsiliún aí-:c{jfdinq [ii't¡tÉ.re{Js li' l-'rediclaL'leslager. " [legree rrr:quisitir.in rl irrc¡relat+ilwiththelimerri¡¡-¡ilabl+ farinslrur:tlon tl-lhrl'Jt+n irr:qLiir*langluage in ltrr¡¡-;¡nriiety L'e:;l errrtfünm+nts - o CLlilule r:ltiriely i'.,r ¡*l¡¡ted lattglunlle i:,i e:r-.rentral l,¡ r¡lrd an cornpr-in*ntrrfinslri¡clic,n " r:rr¡ l'",1ear¡inll b* c¡n rnL¡ticriled Ll r,i¡ithrlutlhe tf theL1 inthe Lls* * f frtlihen ;ii-:ilLtire langlLt;r11* ;rfocLr:-,r ihniugh r-rn nteaning r¡rther ün üram {h¡rn flsr n ühildr+n ini¡r-rlv+mitüir::-ret],1+:j arquiiiiir:rn inthe [_iti4e3s. *il'1e'.rniirijrntheL]i:;+::tab|r'.:h*ri,ina:li:ht.''i|relirnl,ihr':ughlh+maiir:,irrtegrltiteapprr'iar:|rei|ll.jr]Jill{ lfr*i:irrrl*nt tl're lf genelal rurri,::ulLim " l',,'1+¡rnilr!J r:-; e¡labll.rh*'J i¡isu¡il tl¡rr_ru,lh cu*¡. t-lhil,lreir ;¡ilittlite lanr¡uag* tlirtugh*xlended h:;tening e.r.ptsr¡*n{]esnegtlrati*¡ nreanrrrr¡ an'J f,:r " '} A t*l*i¡¡nl rneanini¡ful rronle-:CiÉne,.:É'iisary f,:rreFre,:lii.,e lantuage acquisiti6n (j;-rn ir " TheTe¡rrlheni t-tip vrlt'ie' t':':hriiilu*= nral<e rif lir. languirlle unrler.¡tandal¡hi!l r:hil,Jren l:ii fitl-rfhen::iihl* e inputj ' Llhiiijr*n iir:rluilelarrguerge lhniugh tash lhatare appropillrtetrith*irilevelopmenlal ie,;el D nt m;lnr¡rulation is ner:esliary yrrungler fcrr slLrd*nls 'it+ r-' lan;1ua{e anali,,nm begins {lirle laler adr.rle:i'_:ent:eJ i:,lderstudenb rjenrand i:lten m¡relranslatirins 'r . Fl¡¡i* ile¡.1reeL2 ir*qutrritioti r¡ffei:teil ditl-erentslLl'J+nt srles. irttii iii are by l*anring . Le¡rrrre.rr'-c*rrterr,,rl fanl¡tales ¡n:itr¡-rr:t¡rrn recrrnd-larrgLrage ar:quirrlirin Tlre:*ih*r¡ri+:i thirl {-:lllirr children learnlanguages when: best , T*ir¡:h*t:l cr.ririjLlllin.rh'uttinn in th*lirrgellirnguaqe'¡,¡rlh oftheniiliv+ nr use language. Th4largellanguir5le ¡¡nd nirtiv* ihe i;rrrqr_ia¡ieliepldÉlini.-tli¡:rep;rr*t* irr* ' Te¡lh+n r+t'¡ilnl¡e ltrirntmirsiir:llve rrfmeanrng lalherlhan pasrive rer:eivemvo,:..rllLrlary i'f '-:0-r:r'¡rrslrui:hlr: ¡rn,ilinhrmalitrr The'.¡Gcafir,ldin:rtrur:titn lhritlearne¡s so l:,ecc,meinrreasingly urchperrdent. = L**rnini; *i-:':L¡ri ineaniri¡lful, itl rc'mm¡rnic;iiiu* r+nl*¡h thatr,rirl¡siqnifi,;ance slL¡,jenl. f¡;rlhe n litlructir:tr allei:tivel'¡ i:r *n,rü-ürnf, rnacie rnearringful rnemrtr¡ihl* anr-l lhnrugthai:livilies asstarytellrng, such {ij fnÉri,nii¡¡¡llr, rn anilcelehratirnr. ilrrr ¡ = L*:-¡rnirr$is r-rr-qanizedin t*rrris*ltnnr-:rete r,'isuals, e:.rperienrer-i prr¡is,realia, hanrls-o¡ anrJ activilies. * Learneis surr¡Lliriled meanini_rlLrllanuirilge, ;ire r,uiih br¡th riral¡rnd wr¡üen. beginnino front lhiciugh ¡ilvanr:ecj lil,-r,l t l I¿¡fru l.¡,1 ;,ri:qr:iS *1, rl r: iliiitt ' ¡.s::;Ésl:irenl oi leanrtng liequ*nlrei¡ulai on¡¡oin,r isr:rtnrjucted manner isco¡sistenl ri and and in a that vu1h ih+prr:grarr glirali lear:hing and shaiegies * ÜL¡iiLit+ is l*rueil thniugh H.{FedÉrces *ultLrr-al wrth nt;rieri¡ih pr;rr;tir:es anil Elemerft fr¡rr thelargetlanguaqe r:itlir:rr er;:_renlr¡l ¡irc t:lnrprnent: allplannin¡¡ teir,:hing. iif anii * Flanntnii t:rf[],?il¡:Éd lrj ¡rrrtunil themat¡: ¡ center ther*r; ¡rbalance anrl afrt':-r¡ü basi,: lhe goals i:ulture, 6f iuhj*r:lri¡r¡leni lringuageure iinil in ¡lrLrrririil¡:m rn-rlrur,-lir_rn anil ¡lret¡rqr_¡ni¿ed ircr:orilin¡iacr¡nrmrirricaliue.:,,illahus trr " islherlhrrn glrirnrrrririlcirl a :ryllahLi::r n Acii'¡ittt:r¡rreilearecj iulhei¡tuni¡ learrrersinlerer-rlr,roginiilvelevel, rnotursliillsant1e.r.perientirl Lraul,:gro¡-lnd The'¡ Liertgntd appealta varie,'of are lo a learnrngslyles, adrlress lrr mullrpleinlelligerues ¡ incorporale anrJ flequ* r-rl ¡rp+r'tu iir li:r phy:; irI a*tivih¡ r: n es r* frirm fl,,r*pfed Cr,'l¿rii Fe.l¡i¿lgg4J &
- 3. RefereneeE ür,r,¡li {1!iil6J v f;*c*ndlanguagebarnr,ng ant!language/eachrng Arnohj. Lt:nclcrn. H, r:l üudarn, antlF*:ola, i.jgg.t) Languages andchi[dren. thematch rnakriq LJewyorli Longman. Hirl¡uta. {J1-l$61 of/an¡;uage debale brirngnairsm. Ycirk ki Minar The irn l{ew BasicBoa}n. ri {1tllJ2j l'i.ta:-;h+n, Ar-:qunrfii;n Ar:quilrilion yorl{,. Frim:iLrle¡ Fr¡r:llce ,!e,;,:nd an,l in hlew p+rganr Frem nron lirlrshen, andT*rrell, {1""S:l nalural 5 T. The appfr-r¿¡ft. Language ar,'quisiti,:n classr*;nr inthe Hayrr,rartl, üA Al+rrranyFress lira¡hen, t1.!9Bl Í 5e{tondlanguage acqursrtronsecr-¡rrrJ ancl language pergam Fress learning._Lontlon mon selinl,:*r, L {13¡li hrierlanguage InlernafionalRer¡iewrlApplieclLinguislics, 1ii,lr_ig-gt. v, Yt'