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Chapter III: Core Values and
Principles of Community
Engagement

Human Rights
 “the rights inherent to all human
beings whatever our nationality,
place of residence, sex, national
or ethnic origin, color, religion,
language, or any other status.”

Human Rights
 Human rights are basic
individual entitlements.

Natural Rights
 Life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.

Civil Rights
 Privacy, property, religion,
expression, contract, and
movement.

Political Rights
 Assembly, petition, suffrage,
direct and indirect participation,
self-determination, self-
government, and election to
public office.

Social and Economic Rights
 Livelihood, equal opportunities,
education, housing, leisure and
recreation, the freedom to
choose one’s occasion, to picket
and to strike for better working
conditions and various benefits
to improve the quality of life.

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Emilio Jacinto
 “all men are equal whether the
color of their skin is white or
black. One man may surpass
another in intelligence, wealth,
or beauty, but never in that
makes him a man.”

The concept of human rights as individual entitlements entails
an obligation on the part of the State.
State assume obligations and duties under international law to
respect and fulfill human rights.

 The states must refrain from interfering with or curtailing the
enjoyment of human rights.

The obligation to protect…
 Requires states to safeguard individuals and groups against human
rights abuses.

 According to a recent study, at least 55 Filipinos die every day
because of lack of clean water. The United Nations has recognized
that access to food, clean water, and to a livable environment are
human rights.

Social Justice
 Humanization of laws and the
equalization of social and
economic forces by the state so
that justice may at least be
approximated.

Justice
 Justice is harmonization of
function. Each individual within a
society has a particular role to
play and the proper functioning
of each individual brings
harmony to society; thus, justice
is attained.

Justice
 Justice is consequential. In
pursuit of our wants and needs,
our individual actions result to
favorable or unfavorable
outcomes.

 The legal tradition of punitive justice evolved in part from the idea
that when we pursue our rights and the consequence of our action is
detrimental to the right of another, we ought to be punished and our
rights are curtailed.

Me: looking for the 15B stolen from PhilHealth

 As societies developed and nations emerged, more people want the
same things, thus creating a social ill that needs to be addressed.
 Justice then evolved into contractual agreements to provide
fairness and equity to everyone.

The modern concept of Social Justice
 Social justice is anchored heavily on the idea that justice is based on
basic human rights and each individual must have an opportunity to
exercise this rights.

Senator Jose W. Diokno
Social justice is a system of law that seeks to attain the following
objectives:
 Respect our rights and freedoms as individuals and as a people;
 Eliminate poverty as quickly as our resources and abilities would
allow;
 First, provide everyone with their basic material needs; then,
improve their standard of living; and
 Change institutions and structures to address inequalities.

Lesson 3: Community Engagement

 Successful community engagement programs entail the achievement
of four actions known as the pillars of community engagement-
information, consultation, involvement, and empowerment – aimed at
a particular group or citizenry.

Various principles and goals:
 Increase in the knowledge of community members about the issues
that are being addressed;
 Encourage communities to co-create additional knowledge or views
pertaining to issues being addressed;
 Shared application of knowledge and new knowledge to address the
issues of the community; and
 Create opportunities for improvement, communication channels, and
engage the community in regular continuous exchanges.

Participatory Development
 Directly involves local
communities in development
projects.

Participatory Development
 Aims to engage the marginalized
in development projects which
are designed and initiated for
their own benefit.

Characteristics of Participatory Development:
 Cognitive – it generates new ways of understanding community
issues and problems;
 Political – it capacitates the powerless; and
 Instrumental – it proposes alternative solutions.

PA RT I C I P AT I O N I N T HE S O C I A L M O V E ME N T A N D
I N S T I T U T I O NA L P E RS PE C T I V E

Social Movement Perspective
 Participatory development is
characterized by the
progressive actions of
community fighting injustices
and inequalities in the
distribution of political and
economic powers.

Institutional Perspective
 Defines participatory
development as the scope of
gathering of inputs by various
parties of participatory
development.

Four forms of Participatory Development
Passive participation-
 Participation is at the minimum;
stakeholders are merely
informed about the plans and
progress of projects.
 The people’s involvement hardly
goes past the discussion stage
during meetings.

Participation by consultation-
 Stakeholders answer queries
posed by external researchers
or experts.
 The decision-making power
remains in the hands of external
parties who, ultimately, are not
obligated to actually use the
stakeholders’ input.

Participation by collaboration-
 Stakeholders with
predetermined goals participate
during the discussion, analysis,
and decision-making stages.

Empowerment participation-
 Stakeholders actively participate in
the process and in its analysis.
 This features a joint decision making
process, wherein stakeholders are
considered equal copartners with the
external experts. Most significantly,
control and ownership of the process
are in the hands of the primary
stakeholders.

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