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Varietal seed production in Chilli
Submitted by,
Varsha

Introduction
• Chillies widely used as vegetable and spice.
• Green chillies are used to impart pungency, colour and
flavour to food items.
• In food and beverage industries chilli is being used to
extract oleoresin which permits better distribution of
colour, flavour in food.
• Capsaicin, the pungent principle, is used in the
preparation of balms.
• Raw green are used as such for eating.

Scientific name: Capsicum annum
Family: Solanaceae
Chromosome number: 2n = 2x = 24
Origin: Southern and Central America
Varietal seed production in Chilli

Area , Production and Productivity of Chilli
Area (In
hectare)
Production (In
tonnes)
Productivity
Andhra Pradesh 2.25 lakh 4.07 lakh 1809 kg/ha
Telangana 1.12 lakh 5.50 lakh 4580 kg/ha
Karnataka 0.90 lakh 1.88 lakh 1697 kg/ha
India 9.21 lakh 19.8 lakh 2150 kg/ha

Often cross pollinated crop
The flower is protogynous.
• Flowers open in the morning between 5.00 am and 6.00 am
• Anther normally dehisce between 8.00 am and 11.00 am.
• Stigma is receptive upto 24 hours after flower opening.
• Method of seed production: Seed to seed.
Botany

Varieties and Hybrids of Chilli
Dry chilli type: Byadgi Kaddi, Byadgi Dabbi (Davanur), Kollegal,
Gowribidanur, Sankeshwar, Arka Lohit, Arka Suphal, Arka Meghana,
Arka Harita, G4(Bhagyalakshmi) and Pusa Sadabahar.
Green chilli type: Chincholli, Kadarolli, KDSC-1, Pusa Jwala, Arka
Kyathi etc.
Byadagi dabbi Sankeshwar Bhagyalakshmi

Season:
June-July, February-March, September-October.
• In many parts of the country it is grown in all the three
main cropping seasons.
• During monsoon the crop is mainly grown for dry red
chillies.
Land requirements:
• Land must be free from volunteer plants.
• The soil should be well-drained and aerated.
• Generally area affected by wilt or root rot may be
avoided.
• Crop rotation must be followed to reduce Solanaceous
pest.

Climate requirements:
-Grows well in warm humid tropics and sub-tropics.
-It is being cultivated from sea level upto 1000 m above MSL.
- Chilli performs well in regions receiving rainfall of 600-1200
mm spread over four to five months.
Seed rate: 1000 – 1250g (Rainfed) and 500 g (Irrigated) ;
Seed Treatment: Chilli seeds are treated with Trichoderma viridae
@ 4g /kg of seed to control fungal diseases.
Spacing: 75 X 45 cm (Irrigated)
90 X 90 cm (Rainfed)

Isolation requirement:
Nursery:
Sowing the seeds in raised nursery bed of 20 cm height, 1.0 m wide and
convenient length. 8 -10 nursery beds will be sufficient to transplant one
acre.
Transplanting: 30 to 35 DAS
Transplanting may be done on the ridges in the evening.
-To arrest flower drop, Planofix can be sprayed @ 4ml/L.
Manuring: NPK-150:75:75 Kg/ha (Irrigated)
100:50:50 Kg/ha (Rainfed)
-Foliar spray of ZnSO4 @ 0.5% thrice at 10 days interval from 40 days after
planting.
Seed Class Isolation requirement
Foundation seed 400 m
Certified seed 200 m

Irrigation requirement:
-Chilli cannot withstand excess moisture.
-Frequent and heavy irrigations causes lanky growth and cause
flower shedding.
-Irrigation must be provided once in 10 to 15 days interval in heavy
soils.
-Total water requirement: 900mm (dry chilli) and 1050mm (green
chilli)
Rouging:
-First rouging at vegetative stage based on stem and leaf character.
-Second rouging during flowering, the early and late bolters are
removed and third during fruit harvest for seed extraction.

Weed Management:
-Hand weeding at least three or four times during the growing
period of chilli.
-Pre-emergent: Pendimethalin (0.5L/ha) - broad spectrum weed
control.
-Pre-plant incorporation: Fluchloralin (1 L/ ha) to control annual
weeds.
Growth regulator:
-Spray Triacontanol @ 1.25 ml/l on 20, 40, 60 and 80th
day of
planting.
-Spray NAA 10 ppm (10 mg/l of water) on 60 and 90 days after
planting to increase fruit set.

Pests and diseases of Chilli
1.Yellow mite: Polyphagotarsonemus latus
-Spray Dicofol 18.5 EC @ 2 L/ha
2. Fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera
-Apply Carbaryl @ 4g/L or Chlorpyrifos @ 2ml/L Or Spray 5% NSKE
3. Aphids: Aphis gossypii
-Spray the crop with Malathion @ 1-2 ml/ L at 15-20 days interval.
4.Thrips: Scirtothrips dorsalis
-Spray Dimethoate @0.025% at fortnightly interval or Metasystox @1.5 ml/L

5.Anthracnose and Fruit rot: Colletotrichum capsici
Seed treatment with Thiram (2 g/kg of seed) and spray Benomyl @1g/L or
Carbendazim @1g/L
6.Damping off: Treating the seeds with Captan (2g/kg of seed) checks the
disease.
7.Leaf curl/Murda complex: Removal of infected plants, seed treatment
with Imidachloprid 5g/kg.
The designated diseases are anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici
and leaf blight caused by Alternaria solani
Leaf blight Murda complex Anthracnose

Field inspection is conducted 3 times in chilli:
1. The first inspection shall be made before flowering : to verify
isolation, volunteer plants, and other relevant factors,
2. The second inspection shall be made during flowering : to
check isolation, off types and other relevant factors
3. The third inspection shall be made at maturity and prior to
harvesting : to verify true nature of plant and other relevant
factors
Field inspection

Field standards
Parameter
Foundation seed
(Max. permitted %)
Certified seeds
(Max. permitted %)
Off types 0.1 0.5
Seed borne diseases
(Anthracnose) 0.1 0.5
Viral diseases
(Murda complex) 0.5 2.0

Seed standard Variety Hybrid
Pure seeds (min) 98% 98%
Inert matter (max) 2% 2%
Other crop seeds (in
number) 5/kg 10/kg
Weed seeds (in
number) 5/kg 10/kg
Germination (min) 60% 60%
Moisture (max) 8% 8%

Harvesting and processing :
-Well ripened fruits with deep, red colour alone collected.
-Harvesting should be done in different pickings (3-4 pickings)
-First and last pickings – vegetable purpose.
-Fruits are graded for seed extraction.
-The ripe chillies are dried under the sun.
-Seeds are cleaned to free pulp and skins and dried in the partial sun to below
8 % moisture content before storage.

1)Hand Peeling:
Dried fruits are cut/ broken and the seeds are liberated.
2)Beating with pliable stick:
Well dried fruits are fed into a small gunny/ cloth bag and beaten with
pliable stick to break the pod and to liberate the seeds.
-Then it is winnowed to remove the seed & cleaned.
Yield: Around 100-200 kg/ha depending on the variety.
Seeds are stored in cloth bags, plastic containers, foil envelopes etc.
with storage temperature not exceeding 25°C
Seed extraction methods

Reference:
• Seed technology of horticultural crops : P.Geetharani, V.Swaminathan
and V.Ponnuswami
• Vegetable seed production and hybrid technology: P.Hazra and
M.G.Som
• https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/
• UHS, Bagalkot Package of practice.

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Seed production in Chilli (Capsicum annuum)

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