Seed Science and Technology - Seed Quality.pptx
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Seed Science and Technology - Seed Quality.pptx
- 1. Seed Quality AGRO 205: DR. F. DIVINA BY: IMMANOUEL A. RAFANAN
- 2. Dont judge each day by the harvest you reap, but by the seeds that you plant. - ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer.
- 3. Agro 205 : Seed Quality I. Introduction II. Importance of Quality Seed and its Benefits III. Factors Affecting Quality Seeds IV. Quality Seed Production Practices V. Structural Concepts of Seed Quality VI. Seed Quality Assessment VII. Summary
- 7. Quality Seed
- 8. Importance of Quality Seed
- 9. Benefits of Using Quality Seeds
- 10. Benefits of Using Quality Seeds
- 11. Factors Affecting Seed Quality Genetic Factors
- 12. Factors Affecting Seed Quality Physiological Factors
- 13. Quality Seed Production Practices
- 14. Structural Concept of Seed Quality
- 15. Structural Concept of Seed Quality
- 16. Genetic Attributes of Seed Quality Cultivar Purity
- 17. Genetic Attributes of Seed Quality Cultivar Purity
- 18. Genetic Attributes of Seed Quality Longevity
- 19. Structural Concept of Seed Quality
- 20. Physical Attributes of Seed Quality
- 21. Physical Attributes of Seed Quality Analytical Purity
- 22. Physical Attributes of Seed Quality Moisture Content
- 23. Physical Attributes of Seed Quality Seed Size
- 24. Structural Concept of Seed Quality
- 25. Physiological Attributes of Seed Quality Germination Capacity
- 26. Physiological Attributes of Seed Quality Viability
- 27. Physiological Attributes of Seed Quality Vigor
- 28. Physiological Attributes of Seed Quality Dormancy
- 29. Structural Concept of Seed Quality
- 30. Pathological Attributes of Seed Quality Seed Health
- 31. Pathological Attributes of Seed Quality Associate Organisms
- 32. Pathological Attributes of Seed Quality Mechanical Damage
- 33. Seed Quality Assessment Prior to storage or sowing, the physiological quality of the seed should be assessed; this is especially important if seed is to be stored for a long period of time before sowing. The following quality tests should be carried out by trained personnel: Seed Sampling If a large volume of seed is to be tested, it must initially be properly mixed to have a homogenous seedlot. After this mixture, appropriate samples of seed are drawn for quality assessment. As a minimum, two samples should be used in each quality test, so that the results can be analyzed, compared, and evaluated.
- 34. Seed Quality Assessment Purity Test As a measure of the cleanness of seed, pure seed is separated from impure seed, and then separately weighed. Seed is considered pure if it appears normal in terms of size, shape, and general outward appearance. Conversely, seed that is too small, has been partly eaten by insects, or exhibits fungal stains is regarded as impure. A sample for a purity test may consist of 100 to 1,000 seeds. A purity percentage is calculated as: Although a purity test is simple, it may not be as accurate in assessing quality as other tests. One problem encountered in applying a purity test is the subjectivity injected in separating pure seed from impure seed.
- 35. Seed Quality Assessment Number of Seeds per Unit Weight It is important to know the number of seeds per unit weight in a seed collection to be stored, because this number and the germinative energy percentage, to be discussed below, can be used to calculate the approximate weight of seed required to produce a desired number of seedlings. To determine the number of seeds per unit weight, two or more random samples of, for example, 100 grams are taken from the seedlot. The number and weight of pure, full seeds are then obtained. As in the purity test, impure seed is rejected and all other retained.
- 36. Seed Quality Assessment Number of Seeds per Unit Weight
- 37. Seed Quality Assessment Viability Test It is important to know the number of seeds per unit weight in a seed collection to be stored, because this number and the germinative energy percentage, to be discussed below, can be used to calculate the approximate weight of seed required to produce a desired number of seedlings. To determine the number of seeds per unit weight, two or more random samples of, for example, 100 grams are taken from the seedlot. The number and weight of pure, full seeds are then obtained. As in the purity test, impure seed is rejected and all other retained.
- 38. Seed Quality Assessment Viability Test
- 39. Seed Quality Assessment Germination Test Often, full seeds that appear sound will not germinate because they were not fertilized or are too old. Therefore, the most reliable way to assess the quality of a seed collection is to actually germinate a sample of seeds from the collection. To determine the germination percentage, random samples of seed are tested by subjecting them to favorable germination conditions. A germination test can be made in containers, i.e., pots or tins used in nurseries, or in a simple, covered Petri dish. A variety of germination media are acceptable for a germination test, although the one used must furnish proper aeration and sufficient, but not excessive, moisture for each seed. Furthermore, it is important that the medium be sterile to prevent damage by fungi.
- 40. Seed Quality Assessment Germination Test The germination capacity is the total number of seeds in the sample that have germinated in a test, plus the number of seeds remaining ungerminated but still sound at the end of the test, expressed as a percentage. From a practical viewpoint, this statistic is similar to the full seed percentage value obtained in a viability test. The results of a germination test are often used to calculate the quantity of seed that must be sown to obtain a given number of seedlings. However, it must be remembered that the actual number of surviving seedlings is likely to be much smaller than indicated by the germination test, because of losses due to unfavorable weather, rodents and birds, insects, and diseases.
- 41. In Summary Seed Quality Seed quality is fundamental to successful agriculture, encompassing genetic purity, physical purity, physiological purity, and seed health. High-quality seeds ensure optimal germination, robust plant growth, and increased resistance to diseases, significantly impacting crop yields and farm profitability. Conversely, poor seed quality can lead to reduced germination rates, increased disease susceptibility, and economic losses. Prioritizing seed quality through rigorous testing and selection is essential for sustainable agricultural practices and food security.
- 42. FOR LISTENING!