senna
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The Senna plant, scientifically known as Senna alexandrina, is a remarkable botanical treasure with a rich history in traditional medicine. Join us on a journey through the world of Senna as we delve into its diverse uses, pharmacological properties, and cultural significance. In this presentation, we will uncover the secrets of the Senna plant, a member of the legume family, and explore its role as a natural remedy. Discover how Senna has been employed for centuries as a gentle and effective laxative, aiding in digestive health and providing relief from constipation. We will also examine the plant's active compounds, such as sennosides, and their mechanisms of action within the human body. Gain insights into the careful cultivation and harvesting of Senna leaves, which are the primary source of its medicinal properties. Furthermore, we'll explore the global traditions and indigenous practices that have revered the Senna plant as a valuable herbal resource. From traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India to its use among Native American tribes, the Senna plant has left an indelible mark on herbal medicine.
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senna
- 2. SENNA Biological source: It consists of dried leaflets of Alexandrian Senna- Cassia acutifolia / Indian Senna (Tinnevelly senna) Cassia angustifolia Family: Leguminosae Macroscopic Characters Isobilateral type of leaf Indian Senna- Lanceolate Alexandrian Senna- Ovate lanceolate
- 3. SHAPE Alexandrin senna – ovate Lanceolate VEIN ISLET : 25-29.5 STOMATO INTEX : 12.5 Indian Senna – Lanceolate VEIN ISLET : 19.5-22.5 STOMATO INTEX : 17 SENNA In Indian variety less, hairs are present as compared to European Senna Active constituents present in epicarp of leaf and pericarp of pods It is a leguminous plant, so add nitrogen soil at regular interval
- 4. Cultivation & Collection Forcultivation red loamy or coarse gravelly soil is selected. also grown in alluvial loamy soil. Sowing of seeds by broadcasting method( feb-march & oct-nov) It is leguminous plant- not have root nodules- so apply nitrogenous fertilizers After 2-3 month of sowing harvesting is done in 3 stages- ISt plucking-when leaflets are thick, full grown and greenish in color 2nd after one month of ISt plucking 3rd after 4-6 weeks of 2nd plucking Leaflets dried under shade or indoor(7-10 days) and after drying leaves become yellowish green color
- 5. Microscopy Stomata present in Senna leaves- Parasitic stomata, (Rubiaceous) Trichomes are curved, warty, unicellular, non-lignified Microscopically two varieties of Senna are distinguished by vein islet number and stomatal indexes Cluster crystal of calcium oxalate- Prismatic It has mesophyll having upper and lower palisade layer of the cluster sheath (Spongy mesophyll) Presence of cluster sheath and collenchyma are characteristics of Senna leaf
- 6. Chemical Constituents 2 anthraquinone glycoside- sennoside A & sennoside B- they are stereoisomers- contain rhein dianthrone as aglycone- responsible for purgative action. Also contain sennoside C & D, aloe emodin, rhein 8 glucoside, kaempferol, rhein, calcium oxalate, salicylic acid resin and mucilage Sennoside A and C are trans isomer , B and D are meso isomer It also contain 2 naphthalene glycosides- tinnevelly glycoside and 6- hydroxy musizin glycoside
- 7. IDENTIFICATION TEST • Borntrager's test- presence of anthraquinone glycoside ( O-glycoside ) Drug boiled with sulphuric acid Filtered To the filtrate add benzene or ether or chloroform and shake well Organic layer was separated to which ammonia is added slowly Ammoniac layer shows pink to red color
- 8. Adultrant and substituents 1. Dog senna ( C. obovata)— leaves are obovate in shape with tapering apex. Papillose cells in lower epidermis. Contains 1 % anthraquinone glycosides 2. Palthe senna (C. auriculata)-absence of anthraquinone glycosides. When leaves are boiled with chloral it shows crimson colour
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