The document summarizes Jesus' message to the church in Pergamum. It notes that while the church remained faithful amid persecution, there were some in the church promoting licentious teachings akin to Balaam and the Nicolaitans. Jesus calls the church to repent of such teachings. He promises those who are victorious will receive hidden manna and a white stone with a new name.
3. Pergamum:
Address - To the angel of the church in Pergamum write:
Identification - These are the words of him Who has the
sharp, double-edged sword.
Sharp, double-edged sword - (Ref. 1:16)
Directly drawn from Isaiah 11:4 as a sign of
judgement.
The sword was the symbol of the Roman Proconsul.
Interesting description when combined with the
reference to Balaam (Num. 22-24, 31:15-16, Joshua
13:22)
4. Pergamum:
Account: I know where you live - where Satan has
his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You did
not renounce your faith in me, even in the days of
Antipas, by faithful witness, who was put to death in
your city - where Satan lives.
5. Pergamum: Account: I know where you live - where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You
did not renounce your faith in me, even in the days of Antipas, by faithful witness, who was put to death in
your city - where Satan lives. Satan has his throne - Center of Roman government
and pagan religion
First city in Asia Minor to build a temple to a
Roman ruler (Augustus), considered the capital of the
whole area for the cult of the emperor (Temple
Warden)
Cult of Asclepius - serpent god of healing
Zeus, Athene, and Dionysus
Geography
10. Pergamum: Account: I know where you live - where Satan has his throne. Yet you remain true to my name. You
did not renounce your faith in me, even in the days of Antipas, by faithful witness, who was put to death in
your city - where Satan lives. Satan has his throne - Center of Roman government
and pagan religion
Remain true to my name - Did not renounce Jesus as
Lord, even to the point of death
Where Satan lives - against first clause I know where
you live. Light and dark cannot coexist, a confessing
church will be a persecuted church.
11. Pergamum:
Assessment: Nevertheless, I have a few things
against you: You have people there who hold to the
teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to entice the
Israelites to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols and by
committing sexual immorality. Likewise you also have
those who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans.
12. Pergamum: Assessment: Nevertheless, I have a few things against you: You have people there who hold to the
teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to entice the Israelites to sin by eating food sacrificed to idols and
by committing sexual immorality. Likewise you also have those who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans. Teaching of Balaam - (Num. 22-24, 31:15-16, Joshua 13:22)
Licentious teaching allowing fornication and eating food
sacrificed to idols. Pressure from within
Teaching of the Nicolaitans -
Irenaeus names followers of Nicolas (of the the first
deacons)
Nikos (conqueror) & Laos (people) - held by protestants
against Roman Catholics
Gnostics - special knowledge, Antinomian position -
teachings would have been on par with teachings of Balaam.
13. Pergamum:
Exhortation: Repent therefore! Otherwise, I will
soon come to you and fight against them with the sword
of my mouth
Repent - Turn away from or abandon
Sword of My Mouth - Judge, remove them from
the fellowship of the church, discipline
14. Pergamum:
Promise: To him who overcomes, I will give some of
the hidden manna. I will also give him a white stone with a
new name written on it, known only to him who receives it.
Hidden Manna - Some reference this hidden manna as
the fruit of the tree of life others see it as the Eucharist -
sustained the Israelites
White Stone - Stone of Acquittal, A Token of
Admission, A token of gladiatorial discharge
New Name - a sign of intimacy, Rev. 19:12 a name
Written on him that no one knows fut he himself
15. Pergamum:
Call: He who has an ear, let him hear what the spirit
says to the churches.