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Seven principles of effective writing
- 1. SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING Presented by: Fakhar-ul-zaman 14073901-013 Ayesha Ghulam Mustafa 14073901-004
- 2. CONTENTS 1. What is effective writing? 2. Why write? 3. The principles of effective writing Appropriating content to the audience Focus and unity Organization Development Sentence Structure Diction and word usage Mechanics
- 4. DEFINITION: The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stone, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. Writing is a process where symbols have to be arranged according to a certain convention to from words and words have to be arranged to from sentences
- 5. WHY WRITE? Developing your writing skills will not only help you to express yourself more effectively, it will also help you achieve success in life. Being a strong writer will help you do well in school, college or university and it will serve you well in a wide range of occupations-from law and medicine to nursing and auto mechanics.
- 6. THE PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITING The seven principles of effective writing are: Appropriating content to the audience Focus $ unity Organization Development Sentence structure Dictation $ word usages Mechanics
- 8. APPROPRIATING CONTENT TO THE AUDIENCE It is the first and most important principle of effective writing. Starting with an idea that interests you makes it more likely that you will produce a good piece of writing. It is important, however, to consider whether potential readers also find an idea interesting. Even the best piece of writing won't succeed if the audience is uninterested. Knowing your audience helps you to make decisions about what information you should include, how you should arrange that information, and what kind of supporting details will be necessary for the reader to understand what you are presenting.
- 11. FOCUS AND UNITY Focus: focus is the principle of the effective writing in which the important ideas are made to stand. In here it is very important that the main points of the writer should be evident inside the paragraph. Means the main idea should be made to stand from the rest of the elements inside the paragraph. In establishing emphasis, the main idea of what the writer wants to say should show to have more importance. Focus is the Feature of Effective Writing that answers the question So What
- 12. CONTINUE Focus is the topic/subject established by the writer in response to the writing task. The writer must clearly establish a focus as he/she fulfills the assignment of the prompt. If the writer retreats from the subject matter presented in the prompt or addresses it too broadly, the focus is weakened.
- 13. UNITY It is important to teach our students about the principle of unity and help them achieve it in their writing. Make sure that the composition is about a single theme. Every composition should be complete, it should have all three main parts- the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Unity in writing in every step of writing such as, unity in sentence structure and unity in paragraph etc.
- 14. UNITY IN PARAGRAPH Every paragraph should concentrate on one idea. The main idea of the paragraph should be stated in one sentence, whish is called the Topic sentence of the paragraph. All other sentences in the paragraph should elaborate on the main idea expressed in the topic sentence.
- 15. ORGANIZATION This principle of writing has to do with coherent arrangement of material. It involves keeping the reader oriented to the central and subordinate ideas. Good organization is logical and sequential. It guides the reader between divisions of the material. A well organized piece of writing is not only clear. Its presented in a way that is logical and aesthetically pleasing.
- 16. COUNT Good writing has a clear and consistent organization that suits the topic. For example; if you are telling a story, you will probably want to arrange your details chronologically, or in order in which they occurred.
- 17. WAYS TO ORGANIZE Four ways to organize - division - compare/contrast - cause/effect - problem-analysis solution
- 18. DEVELOPMENT Develop an outline Write - write the easiest part first - develop major sections one at a time - introduction for main ideas - main points in first paragraph - turn of your internal editor
- 19. SENTENCE STRUCTURE In English grammar, sentence structure is the arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence. The most common word order in English sentences is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). A sentence should contain a single unit of information. Therefore, avoid compound sentences wherever possible - be on the lookout for words like AND, OR, WHILE which are often used unnecessarily to build a compound sentence.
- 20. COUNT Check your sentences for faulty construction. Incorrect use of commas is a common cause of poorly constructed and excessively long sentences. Use parentheses sparingly. Most uses are due to sheer laziness and can be avoided by breaking up the sentence. NEVER use nested parentheses under any circumstances if you want to retain your reader.
- 21. DICTION AND WORD USAGES In rhetoric and composition, diction is the choice and use of words in speech or writing. Also called word choice. Is a key element of good writing. By choosing words that convey your meaning as precisely as possible and capture your attitude toward your subject, you will help to ensure that readers understand your points and will increase the likelihood that you can sway them to accept your viewpoint.
- 22. CHOICE OF WORDS
- 23. MECHANICS Mechanics are the conventions of print that do not exist in oral language, including spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and paragraphs. they do not exist in oral language, students have to consciously learn how mechanics function in written language. For example, while speakers do not have to be conscious of the spellings of words, writers not only have to use standard spelling for each word but may even have to use different spellings for words that sound the same but have different meanings.
- 24. COUNT The paper, including the title page, reference page, tables, and appendices, follow APA guidelines format. Citations of original works within the body of the paper follow APA guidelines or other designated guidelines. The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. Spelling is correct.
- 25. THANK YOU