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Lower Intermediate 
¡°Shining Kobe¡± 
13/10/2014
¤¯¤ë 
¡ñ À´¤ëmeans ¡°to come¡± 
¡ñ When following the -¤Æform of a verb, it 
becomes an auxiliary verb 
¡ñ In this case, it is typically written 
completely in hiragana
It can mean one of the following: 
1. If the primary verb (-¤Æverb) expresses a 
type of motion, the subject of the verb 
approaches the speaker in the manner 
expressed by it.
Example 
ši¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤ë
2. When it can be assumed, ¤¯¤ëindicates 
the speaker will return after performing the 
action.
Examples 
¡ñ ¤Á¤ç¤Ã¤ÈÉÏ׍òÈ¡¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ 
¡°I¡¯ll get my jacket and come back¡± 
¡ñ ¤¢¡¢¤´¤á¤ó¡£Íâ¤ÇÎü¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤è¡£ 
¡°Oh, sorry. I¡¯ll smoke outside and come back.¡±
3. The appearance of an object or the 
occurrence of some phenomena.
Example 
¡ñ ¡«¤«¤é³ö¤Æ¤¯¤ë¡£ 
¡°Appear out of¡±;¡±emerge from¡±
4. The continuation/repetition of an action 
that has continued up to the present 
moment.
Example 
¡ñ £¨ÈË£©¤Îºô¤ÓÉù¤¬Â„¤³¤¨¤Æ¤¯¤ë¡£ 
¡°Hear someone crying out¡±
5. The progress of some state or condition, 
eventually reaching some specified level.
Example 
¡ñ ¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤Ï¤È¤Æ¤âÃߤ¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ 
¡°You are becoming very sleepy¡±

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