2. INTRODUCTION
Tuberose is one of the important cut
flower among the top ten cut flowers
Half-hardy, Perennial bulbous plant
Commonly known as Rajanigandha in
Bengali ,Gulchari and Galshabbo in Hindi
Family: Asparagaceae
Binomial name Agave amica
Native to Mexico
occupies very special position among the
ornamental bulbous plant for its beauty , elegance
and sweet pleasant fragrance.
3. 2. Uses of
tuberose
commercially used for garland making,
Aesthetic purpose, floral arrangement such as;
bouquets, rangoli, boutonnieres.
Tuberose also uses for table purpose because
it has long spike length, long post-harvest
life.
The flowers emit very sweet fragrance that
ability to open the heart refers your mind and
clam effect the nerves.
Tuberose flowers extremely used in perfume
and essential oil industry.
Now a days tuberose also use for beverage
industry and food industry.
4. CULTIVARS:-
There are four types of tuberose :-
i. Single with one row of corolla segments.
ii. Semi-double bearing flower with 2-3 rows of corolla
segment.
iii. Double having ore than three rows of corolla
segment.
iv. Variegated
6. Shringar:-
This variety of tuberose develop through
hybridization, cross between Single x Double
and was released by Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research (IIHR),Bangalore.
Flower is highly fragrance and medium spikes.
Flower bud attractive due to pinkish tinge. Spike
has more number of flowers and floretes are
large in size.
These type flowers basically use loose flower
purpose and yield of these flower are
15,000- 20,000 kg/ha.
7. Prajwal
This hybrid developed through
hybridization, cross between Shringar
x Mexican Single. The hybrid was
released by Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research (IIHR),
Bangalore. Colours of flower buds are
slightly pinkish and flowers are white.
The individual florets sizes are large,
compared to Local Single.
8. REQUIRED ENVIRONMENT:-
A. Climate :-
Grows in mild climate
Temperature above 400 C reduces the spike lenght and
quality of the flowers.
In , India the commercial cultivation of tuberose is
mainly confined in warm humid area with average
temperature range from 200 to 350 centrigrade.
Very low temperature and frost also damage the plant and
flowers.
9. B. SOIL :-
Tuberose grows in a wide range of soils.
Its cultivation can also be extended economically in almost unproductive soils
affected by salinity and alkalinity .
Loam and sandy loam soils having pH range from 6.5 to 7.5 with good aeration and
drainage are considered suitable for its cultivation.
The soil should be rich in organic matter and retain sufficient moisture for proper
growth .
FYM and leaf mould in proportion of 2:1:1 should be used.
10. C. PROPAGATION :-
Mainly propagated vegetatively by means of bulb.
Although , not yet very common , propagation may also
be done by the division of bulbs.
To get virus free material or for a very rapid multiplication
, the propagation is done through tissue culture.
11. CULTIVATION PROCESS :-
A. Site selection : Generally for optimum growth and high yield of flowers it is
preferable to choose a place having plenty of sunlight. A little shade towards the later
part of the afternoon is desirable in hot summer.
B. Soil preparation : The field should be worked deep to a good tilth and properly
manured . If the soil is not throughly prepared and contain soil clods or decomposed
organic matter, bulb production is affected and it also reduces the yield and quality of
flowers. Well rotten cow dung or farmyard manure @ 50 tonnes/ha, should be
incorporated with the soil about a month before planting. Care should be taken to
make the land free from weeds.
C. Bulb selection and planting :- Selection of good planting material is necessary for
obtaining higher yield and good quality of flowers. Generally bulbs having diameter
2.0-3.0cm are suitable for planting. It is observed that planting of bulbs having 2.6-3.0
cm recorded the highest yield of spikes and flowers.
12. D. Irrigation :- Irrigation should be done before planting to provide
optimum moisture for sprouting and further irrigation should be avoided
until the bulb have sprouted . The tuberose field should be irrigated at 10-
15 days interval if weather is dry.
E. Weed control:- Weed become a serious problem in the cultivation of
tuberose . If these weeds are not removed in time, growth and productivity
will be markedly reduced. Manual weeding is effective if done frequently.
Generally, after each irrigation weeding is done.
13. F. Manuering and fertilization:
During the preparation of soil a basal application of leaf mould, farmyard
manure or cattle manure @ 20-50 tonnes/ha.
High dose of N and P markedly promotes leaf and bulb formation in tuberose.
These treatment also improves flowering. The effect of K has been less
pronounced than N and P in these respect.
The plant treated with less dose of N and P shows growth inhibition and fails
to flower.
NPK Requirement-200:300:200
14. Mulching
The black polythene and Clinicidia leaves found
most suitable mulches for tuberose
cultivation.
The 5 kg green leaves of Gliricidia are sufficient
for 11 metre plot to harvest bumper yield
and quality of flower and spikes.
The size of spike and fragrance is better than
the black polythene mulches plots.
The leaves of Polyalthia, Leuceana, Litchi and
Paddy straw could also be used for mulching
in tuberose to conserve the soil moisture
and reduced the weed population upto great
15. G.Diseases and
pests:-
Common diseases are
a) Stem rot
b) Botrytis spots and blight
c) Leaf spot
d) Flower bud rot
Botrytis blight
Leaf spot
16. Stem
Rot
Stem Rot is soil born diseases caused by Sclerotium
rolfsii .
can be identified with symptoms like appearance of
prominent coarse mycelial masses on leaf surface at or
near the soil level. Infected leaves loose green colour
due to rotting. which extend and cover whole leaf and
detached from plant.
Management
Spraying of Redomil/Bavistin @2g/litre of water as
soon as symptoms appear in any plant.
Destroy or burn the infected plant debris to check the
further infection.
Tuberose plants severely
damaged by stem rot
17. Common pests are-
a) Grasshopper
b) Thrips
c) Weevil
d) Red spider mites
e) Aphids
18. HARVESTING :-
HARVESTING OF FLOWERS:
Tuberose is harvested by cutting the spikes
from the base for table decoration or the
individual flower is picked from the spike for
making garlands and other floral ornaments.
Picking of flowers should be done in cool hours of
the day either in the morning or in the evening.
Harvesting of flowers on the previous
evening and marketing in the next morning
leads to a weight loss of about 40 per cent.
The flowers spike for vases should be cut when
the first pair of flowers fully open, with a
sharp knife and place immediately in water.
20. HARVESTING OF
BULBS
Harvesting of tuberose bulbs at proper
stage of maturity is important for storage of
bulbs and their subsequent growth after
planting.
The bulbs reach maturity when the
flowering is over and plant growth ceases,
depending on the environmental condition
and soil moisture
21. Storage of Bulbs
The soil adhered to the clumps are
removed and the off shoot is separated by
rubbing off.
Loose scales and long roots should be
removed and bulbs are graded into
different groups depending upon the size
of bulbs diameter. They are stored
separately in a cool, dry and shady place.
During storage the bulbs should be stirred
every few days to prevent and check the
spread of mould and rot.
Storage for 5-6 weeks is necessary before
the bulbs are ready for planting.
22. Yield
Flowers are ready for harvest in about 3 to 4
months after planting. At first year 4-5
lakhs/ha spikes production (cut flowers
purpose) and 7-10 ton/ha flowers production
(loose flowers purpose);
Second and third years 5-6 lakhs/ha spikes
production (cut flowers purpose) and 10-
13 ton/ha flowers production (loose
flowers purpose).
In addition, 25-30 tonnes/ha of bulbs and
bulblets may be harvested at the end of 3rd
year.
23. MCQs
1.Tuberose is Comercially Propagated through
a)Bulb
c)Bulblet
b) Seed
d) Both a and c
2.Tuberose is . Plant
a)Annual
c)Perennial
b) Binneal
d)some time a some time b
3.NPK Requirement in Tuberose is
a)200:300:200
c)150:200:150
b)300:200:200
d)100:100:100
4.Optical Temperature Requirement is (degree celcius)
a)10-15
c)28-30
b)2-3
d)None
5.Tuberose is native to-
a) Mexico
c) India
a) Rajanigandha
c) Galshabbo
a)<30 gm
c)20 -30 gm
a) 2-3 rows
c) 2 rows
b) Egypt
d) China
6.Which of the following is Common Name of tuberose
b) Gulchari
d) all of these
7.Weight of bulb required for commercial propagation
b)>30 gm
d)non of the above
8. Semidouble variety has how many corolla segments?
b) 1 row
d) >3 rows
24. 9.Stem rot in tuberose is caused by
a)Sclerotium rolfsii
c)Erwinia species
b)Puccinia triticina
d)x. campestris
10.Prajwal hybrid developed through hybridization,
cross between ..
a)Single Mexican x Rajat Rekha b)suvasini x shringar
c) Shringar x Mexican Single d) Rajat Rekha x shringar
11.Which type of soil is best suited for tuberose
cultivation
a)Loam
c)Clayey
b)sandy loam
d)both a and b
12.What does tuberose symbolizes
a)Love
c)Beauty
b)Peace & Purity
d) Hope
13.which of the following cultivar is mainly used as loose
flower
a)Single
c)Semidouble
b)double
d)variegated
14.Which of the following statement is correct about
irrigation in tuberose.
a) Irrigation should be done before planting to provide
optimum moisture.
b) Further Irrigation should be avoided until the
bulb have sprouted .
c) The tuberose field should be irrigated at 10-15 days
interval if weather is dry.
d) All of the above.
15. Varieties developed from gamma radiation
a) Rajat Rekha and Swarna Rekha
b) Rajat Rekha and Phule Rajani
c) Phule Rajni and Suhasini
d) Arka Nirantara and Calcutta Double
25. 16.Which of the following is ideal loose flowers, cut flowers
and perfumery industry ?
a)Suvasini.
b)Shringar.
c ) Prajwal
d )Vaibhav
17.Planting spacing in tuberose iscm
a)20 x 20
c)30 x 20
b)10 x 20
d)10 x 10
18.Which of the following is family of tuberose?
a)Asparagaceae
c)Liliaceae
b)Solanaceae
d)cruciferae
19.Chromosome no. of tuberose is
a) 2n=30
c) 2n=40
b) 2n=14
c) 2n=20
20.Optimum soil Ph for tuberose cultivation is
a) 6.5 to 7.5
c) 7.0 to 8.5
b) 5.0 to 6.0
d) none
26. ANSWERS
1. d
2. c
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. d
7. b
8. a
9. a
10. c
11. d
12. b
13. d
14. d
15. a
16. b
17. c
18. a
19. a
20. a
Submitted to-
Respected Dr. ROSHNI MAM
Respected Dr. UDIT SIR
Submitted By-
SHRUTIDHAR
1901101098
