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Disclaimer
Information provided in this session is not legal advice
and is intended for informational purposes only.
Attendance at this program does not result in an
attorney-client relationship.
Consult an attorney before acting on the information
(C) 2016 Side Project Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Welcome
Today’s Presenter is:
Jeffrey Fromknecht, MSW, Attorney at Law
Side Project Inc.

Why?

Reasons given by others:
• Unfilled need in the community
• Earn a salary for volunteer work
• Want to run own organization
• Honor a family member’s memory
• For-profit conversion to tap new $
• Formalize work currently doing
• To do good

The very best, A+, ideal response:
• There is a need in the community which is not being
addressed by any other organizations.
• Several funders and individual donors have
committed dollars to the new organization.
• 6 “disinterested” people have agreed to serve on
the founding board & help with fundraising
• The founder doesn’t require a steady income or
benefits for 3 years.

A for-profit may work best for you:
• You may want to profit from your idea.
• You may want total control.
• You may want to move faster
• No significant benefit to 501(c)(3)

Alternatives to Forming a New 501(c)(3)
• Network – find out what’s already happening in the
area. The need for a new corporation is different than
the need for a new program!
• Find a winner – there are many programs already
thriving; chances are someone is already doing what
you’re thinking about. If you have something to add, add
it to a proven winner! If your program is duplicative,
enhance the existing one!
• Corroborate – 2 heads are better
than 1, 5 heads are better than 2!

Alternatives to Forming a New 501(c)(3)
Options:
● Fiscal Sponsor – can add expertise, oversight, credibility to new
organization.
● Collaborations – 2 or more entities offer coordinated services; often
increases efficiency, effectiveness.
● Co-Location – collaboration in a shared facility = broader networking +
reduced costs.
● Back-office Consolidation – share administrative functions to enhance
efficiency, reduce costs.
● Joint Venture – separate legal entity that merges targeted activities of 2 or
more organizations.
● Merger – ultimate wedding of service agencies,
both programmatically, legally


Logic Model:
A Planning Tool for
New Projects and Organizations
What’s Your Road Map?

Logic Model
1.0 Inputs 2.0 Activities 3.0 Outputs 4.0 Short-Term
Outcomes
5.0 Intermediate
Outcomes
6.0 Long-Term
Outcomes
Process Outcomes

2 parts to forming viable nonprofit
organization
• The mechanics – filing paperwork to meet
local, state, & federal requirements. Believe
it or not, this is the easy part!
• The planning – getting your ducks in a row
so that you have the best possible chance
for success.


Benefits to 501(c)(3) organizations
• Don’t pay Federal or state corporate income tax
• Donations to your organization are tax-deductible
• Eligible for property tax exemption
• Eligible for PA sales tax exemption
• Eligible for nonprofit bulk mail rate
• Some government contracts and grants are only
available to nonprofits
• Many foundations make grants only to nonprofits
• Nonprofit status communicates that you are
dedicated to community good


Restrictions placed on 501(c)(3)s
• Can’t distribute profits to shareholders or others
• Must have a board of directors to represent the
public’s stake in your organization
• Cannot support or oppose candidates for office
• Limits on lobbying (but not on education)
• Can’t be a guise for personal profits
• If you close, you must distribute any remaining
assets (such as money) to other nonprofits
• Required annual paperwork for federal and state
governments


Where to start?
Mission – why organization was created.
• The mission of Peer Support & Advocacy Network is to build
a community, free of stigma, where individuals with mental
illness work together toward recovery of mind, body and
spirit.
• The mission of CLASS is to support people with disabilities
as they explore options, participate in the community and
strive toward equality. We are "WORKING TOWARD A
COMMUNITY WHERE EACH BELONGS."


Where to start?
Vision - a statement that describes your
clients if your organization is successful.
• No child in our city will go hungry to bed in the
evening. (Soup kitchen)
• Our vision is that no deserving scholar in our
community will be deprived of higher education
because of a shortage of funds. (Scholarship fund)


Incorporate as a nonprofit
File Nonprofit Articles of Incorporation with Dept of
State in your state
Filing Fee: Varies between $100-$200

Apply for federal tax-exempt
status from the IRS
You will need to file either
A) Form 1023 or www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1023.pdf
($850)
B) 1023 EZ if you expect income to be less than
$50,000 per year ($400)
C) Automatic if you have income of less than $5,000
per year

Apply for federal tax-exempt
status from the IRS
You will need
• Bylaws
• Organizational structure
• Planned activities
• Whether/how people will be paid
• History if you have already been operating
• 3 year financial projection


What needs to be in the bylaws
about the board?
• How many board members there can be
Ex: Minimum of 3 and maximum of 12
• How board members are elected. Ex: by majority
vote of board members at a board meeting
• How to remove members
• How often the board will meet Ex: 6 times per year
• Define quorum for board meetings

What needs to be in the bylaws
about the board?
• Officers Ex: chair/president, vice chair/president,
secretary, treasurer and their duties
• Terms and term limits Ex: a term is three years, and
maximum is two three year terms in a row
• Officer terms Ex: a term is one year
• Attendance by conference calls and electronic
voting


Additional elements in the bylaws
• Whether your corporation is a membership
organization or a non-membership organization
(We usually avoid memberships)
• How an emergency board meeting can be called
• How a board committee can be created and
dissolved
• What the permanent committees are


Additional elements in the bylaws
• Conflict of interest policy, or simply stating that one
exists elsewhere
• How the bylaws can be changed
• Indemnification of board members
• Organization dissolution statement

Additional State Level Filing
Requirements
• Register with the State Bureau of Charitable
Organizations after receiving the 501(c)(3)
• State Sales Tax Exemption
• Local Property Tax Exemption

Where Does the money
come from?
Funding a New Nonprofit


In nonprofits, the funder isn’t the consumer of services.
Many founders think of foundations as primary funders, but individuals provide the
vast majority of funding for nonprofits in the U.S.


You can’t raise funds from the
general public until the organization
is a 501(c)(3) and it is registered with
the Bureau of Charitable
Organizations in Harrisburg.


Most common ways to get start-up money
• Donate your own time and money. (MOST
COMMON)
• Ask friends and supporters for startup funds.
• Ask them through Facebook, in person, by email, on
IndieGogo, etc.
• Apply to foundations for seed money. (This is rare)
How do I get some money to start with?


If Jake gives you a donation between the time you file
for tax exempt status and when you obtain it, he can
deduct that donation from his taxable income.
However, if you are denied tax exempt status, he
can't.
So . . . You can ask for donations between when you
file and when you obtain tax exempt status. You should
explain the situation to your donors.
Retroactive Rule


You need a realistic fund development plan before
you start!
Hope is not a strategy
Ongoing sources of revenue


• Individuals (Annual, major donors, bequests)
• Contracts (Federal, state, local govt.)
• Earned Revenue (Sale of goods, expertise,
services)
• Foundation (Family, Corporate, community, etc.)
• Business (In-kind, donations)
• Civic organizations (United Way, Kiwanis, etc.)
• Special Events
Diversified Fundraising Plan

What We’ve Learned So Far…
• Good ideas are only the beginning!
• Fundraising is going to be very difficult for the first few
years
• Need People
• Need Time, Talent, and Treasure
• Planning, Organization, and Evaluation are
CRITICAL to success

Contact me for more information
Jeffrey Fromknecht, MSW
Managing Attorney
Nonprofit & Tax Exempt Law Practice
Side Project Inc.
Jeff@sideprojectinc.org
800-330-5807

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