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Socrates presentation

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Khairun Mohamed
Khairun Mohamed

Socrates (470-399 BCE) was an Athenian philosopher who questioned the moral and political values of his time through dialectic discussions. He believed that an examined interior life focused on virtue, truth, and wisdom was more important than wealth, fame or power. Accused of corrupting the youth of Athens, Socrates refused to escape his death sentence through hemlock poisoning, remaining committed to his philosophical ideals. His influence shaped later philosophers like Plato, as he pioneered inductive reasoning and the Socratic method of questioning beliefs.

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Socrates (470 ¨C 399 BCE)
The Stars Group members Student Name Student Number 1 Khadija Mohamed 079197 2 Entone Wesonga 079033 3 Sarah Kariuki 018301 4 Kioko Muia 079163 5 Arnold Mburu 061255 6 Mary Wanjiku 061732 7 Caxton Musyimi 056004
Introduction ? He lived (469-399)the Golden Age of Athens. ? Father, a sculptor and stone-mason. His mother was a midwife. ? He was a stone cutter in his adult hood & served in the army ? Spent most of his time in the marketplace discussing all sorts of things ? The Oracle at Delphi labeled him ¡°The wisest man in Athens¡± ? Socrates did not believe he was wise, so he set out to prove the oracle wrong ? ¡°There must be someone wiser than I, since I am not wise at all¡±
? Most of the men he questioned were Sophists, wealthy men whose profession was to teach aristocratic young men how to be successful ? According to the Sophists, success was the ability to gain and hold onto ? Wealth ? Fame ? Power ? Socrates believed that the Sophists were wrong ? Wealth, fame, and power are not important ? What matters most in life is our moral goodness ? In order to be morally good, we need to think and re-evaluate our moral values
The Death of Socrates ? Eventually Socrates got in trouble with the wealthy, famous, powerful forces in Athens ? He was accused of two crimes ¨C lacking respect for the city¡¯s gods and of poisoning the young men¡¯s minds ? Questioning values was the crime; the penalty was death. ? He was found guilty of the crimes ? He participated in his own execution by drinking poison called Hemlock.
The Death of Socrates David, 1786
Main influence from other philosophers ? Socrates as a philosopher had influences on the earlier part of his life when he was a student of Anaxagoras. But Socrates left inquiries into the physical world for a dedicated investigation of the development of moral character. ? This is when he started developing his dialectic method of inquisition.
Socrates¡¯ main works ? Socrates did not write anything. ? Everything we know about him was written by others ? He pursued values in conversation with others ¨C Goodness, Justice, Truth, Self-Knowledge ? He criticized the self-satisfied Sophists because they claimed to possess the final answers to all questions ¨C wealth, fame, power
Socrates¡¯ main works¡­.cont¡¯d ? Founder of Socratic Method-involving solving a problem by breaking it down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer a person would seek. ? Socrates was an awakened thinker that questioned the moral and political aspects of Athens and found flaws. ? He pioneered the use of inductive reasoning which is to make conclusions hence founder of Socratic method. ? He showed the world the meaning of commitment; he could have escaped the death sentence but went through with it because it doesn¡¯t cope with his philosophy which was to question
? Our interior life ¨C our ¡°psyche¡± or ¡°soul¡± ¨C is the most important part of life ? Our psyche is ¡°healthy¡± when it seeks goodness, truth, justice, and self- knowledge ? A soul in search of wealth, fame, and power becomes weak, sickly, ignorant
? ¡°THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING¡± ? If we spend our lives examining and criticizing ourselves, our psyches become strong ? In seeking goodness, justice, truth and self- knowledge, we will not become self-satisfied, bigoted, and ignorant ? We may not find what we seek, but the life we live will be one that strengthens our inner selves
Cosmology of Socrates ? Socrates believed in the presence of one God unlike the pre-Socratic philosophers before him. ? He focused mainly on ethics and what was right and just. ? Socrates sought for rational basis for ethics and morality for practice of good or bad, right or wrong. ? Later Plato proposed that universe is a product of rational, purposive and beneficent agency.
morality ? The ultimate aim of Socrates' philosophical method was always ethical. ? Thus all wrong doing was due to ignorance ? Socrates could never accept what Aristotle called ¡°morale weakness¡± (know what was good and yet still do evil)
Political Views of Socrates ? Socrates¡¯ political views, as represented in Plato's dialogue "The Republic", were strongly against the democracy that had so recently been restored in the Athens of his day, and indeed against any form of government that did not conform to his ideal of a perfect republic led by philosophers. ? It is argued that Socrates believed "ideals belong in a world only the wise man can understand", making the philosopher the only type of person suitable to govern others. ? He believed that the will of the majority was not necessarily a good method of decision-making, but that it was much more important that decisions be logical and defensible. ? In Plato's "early" dialogue, "Apology of Socrates" Socrates refused to enter politics because he could not tell other people how to lead their lives when he didn't know how to live his own. He thought he was a philosopher of truth, which he had not fully discovered.
References ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates ? http://www.2020site.org/socrates ? WWW.philosophypages.com/hy ? 1. Socrates Legacy, http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates ? 2. Socrates and His followers, http://www.iep.utm.edu/greekphi/#H2 ? 3.LaterHistorical Influences, http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2d.htm ? 4. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy
Thank You ? End Of Presentation ? Any Questions????

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Socrates presentation

  • 1. Socrates (470 ¨C 399 BCE)
  • 2. The Stars Group members Student Name Student Number 1 Khadija Mohamed 079197 2 Entone Wesonga 079033 3 Sarah Kariuki 018301 4 Kioko Muia 079163 5 Arnold Mburu 061255 6 Mary Wanjiku 061732 7 Caxton Musyimi 056004
  • 3. Introduction ? He lived (469-399)the Golden Age of Athens. ? Father, a sculptor and stone-mason. His mother was a midwife. ? He was a stone cutter in his adult hood & served in the army ? Spent most of his time in the marketplace discussing all sorts of things ? The Oracle at Delphi labeled him ¡°The wisest man in Athens¡± ? Socrates did not believe he was wise, so he set out to prove the oracle wrong ? ¡°There must be someone wiser than I, since I am not wise at all¡±
  • 4. ? Most of the men he questioned were Sophists, wealthy men whose profession was to teach aristocratic young men how to be successful ? According to the Sophists, success was the ability to gain and hold onto ? Wealth ? Fame ? Power ? Socrates believed that the Sophists were wrong ? Wealth, fame, and power are not important ? What matters most in life is our moral goodness ? In order to be morally good, we need to think and re-evaluate our moral values
  • 5. The Death of Socrates ? Eventually Socrates got in trouble with the wealthy, famous, powerful forces in Athens ? He was accused of two crimes ¨C lacking respect for the city¡¯s gods and of poisoning the young men¡¯s minds ? Questioning values was the crime; the penalty was death. ? He was found guilty of the crimes ? He participated in his own execution by drinking poison called Hemlock.
  • 6. The Death of Socrates David, 1786
  • 7. Main influence from other philosophers ? Socrates as a philosopher had influences on the earlier part of his life when he was a student of Anaxagoras. But Socrates left inquiries into the physical world for a dedicated investigation of the development of moral character. ? This is when he started developing his dialectic method of inquisition.
  • 8. Socrates¡¯ main works ? Socrates did not write anything. ? Everything we know about him was written by others ? He pursued values in conversation with others ¨C Goodness, Justice, Truth, Self-Knowledge ? He criticized the self-satisfied Sophists because they claimed to possess the final answers to all questions ¨C wealth, fame, power
  • 9. Socrates¡¯ main works¡­.cont¡¯d ? Founder of Socratic Method-involving solving a problem by breaking it down into a series of questions, the answers to which gradually distill the answer a person would seek. ? Socrates was an awakened thinker that questioned the moral and political aspects of Athens and found flaws. ? He pioneered the use of inductive reasoning which is to make conclusions hence founder of Socratic method. ? He showed the world the meaning of commitment; he could have escaped the death sentence but went through with it because it doesn¡¯t cope with his philosophy which was to question
  • 10. ? Our interior life ¨C our ¡°psyche¡± or ¡°soul¡± ¨C is the most important part of life ? Our psyche is ¡°healthy¡± when it seeks goodness, truth, justice, and self- knowledge ? A soul in search of wealth, fame, and power becomes weak, sickly, ignorant
  • 11. ? ¡°THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING¡± ? If we spend our lives examining and criticizing ourselves, our psyches become strong ? In seeking goodness, justice, truth and self- knowledge, we will not become self-satisfied, bigoted, and ignorant ? We may not find what we seek, but the life we live will be one that strengthens our inner selves
  • 12. Cosmology of Socrates ? Socrates believed in the presence of one God unlike the pre-Socratic philosophers before him. ? He focused mainly on ethics and what was right and just. ? Socrates sought for rational basis for ethics and morality for practice of good or bad, right or wrong. ? Later Plato proposed that universe is a product of rational, purposive and beneficent agency.
  • 13. morality ? The ultimate aim of Socrates' philosophical method was always ethical. ? Thus all wrong doing was due to ignorance ? Socrates could never accept what Aristotle called ¡°morale weakness¡± (know what was good and yet still do evil)
  • 14. Political Views of Socrates ? Socrates¡¯ political views, as represented in Plato's dialogue "The Republic", were strongly against the democracy that had so recently been restored in the Athens of his day, and indeed against any form of government that did not conform to his ideal of a perfect republic led by philosophers. ? It is argued that Socrates believed "ideals belong in a world only the wise man can understand", making the philosopher the only type of person suitable to govern others. ? He believed that the will of the majority was not necessarily a good method of decision-making, but that it was much more important that decisions be logical and defensible. ? In Plato's "early" dialogue, "Apology of Socrates" Socrates refused to enter politics because he could not tell other people how to lead their lives when he didn't know how to live his own. He thought he was a philosopher of truth, which he had not fully discovered.
  • 15. References ? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates ? http://www.2020site.org/socrates ? WWW.philosophypages.com/hy ? 1. Socrates Legacy, http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates ? 2. Socrates and His followers, http://www.iep.utm.edu/greekphi/#H2 ? 3.LaterHistorical Influences, http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2d.htm ? 4. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy
  • 16. Thank You ? End Of Presentation ? Any Questions????