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Sodium Hydroxide

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Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is a strong base with the chemical formula NaOH. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Sodium hydroxide reacts neutrally with acids to produce water and salts. It also reacts with acidic gases like carbon dioxide to absorb them. Another important reaction is saponification, where sodium hydroxide produces soap from fatty acids. Sodium hydroxide has an ionic structure consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions bonded together.

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By Alan Joye Sodium Hydroxide Chemical Formula: NaOH Synonyms: caustic soda, lye (sodium hydroxide solid) or sodium hydrate. Physical Properties Table 1.0: Physical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide. Property Information Molecular Weight 39.997g/mol Appearance (solid) White Crystalline Substance Transparent Only in liquid form Odour None Density 2.13g/cm続 Boiling Point 1390属C Melting Point 318属C Freezing Point 14属C Vapour Pressure (0.2 kPa, 20属C) 1.5mmHg Specific Gravity (20属C) 1.52g/ml Flammable No Chemical Properties Table 1.1: Chemical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide. Property Information Chemical Formula NaOH Acidity Very Low (13-14 pH) Basic Type Caustic Metallic Base Corrosive High Reactivity Medium Hygroscopic Yes Solubility (20属C) 1110g/L
By Alan Joye Soluble (in) Water, acids, alcohol and other materials Neutralisation Reaction The hydroxide ion is a component of the sodium hydroxide, this anion makes this compound a very strong base which react with any acid which will neutralise each other, according to Bronsted- Lowrys theory. In general, neutralisation reactions can be represented as follows in an ionic equation: OH(aq) + H+(aq) H2O(l) Sodium hydroxide reacting with an acid will generally result in a neutralisation process, which will produce water and a corresponding salt depending upon the acid reacted with. For instance, sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloride acid: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Sodium Hydroxide reaction with acidic oxides This is another type of reaction that is vital to illustrate in terms for sodium hydroxide due to this reaction harm gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (production of burning coal) to be scrubbed and absorbed, reducing the amount exposed into the atmosphere. 2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) As you can see, in the above reaction, sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gas (harmful gas to atmosphere) produces sodium carbonate and water. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is a very safe compound, which is used in detergents to remove oil, grease and alcohol stains. Basically reducing a harmful gas into a non-harmful compound. Saponification Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide Saponification is a chemical process that results in the production of soap from fatty acids such as Stearic acid (C17H35COOH)1 and a base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH): C17H35COOH(s) + NaOH(aq) C17H35COONa(aq) + H2O(l) The Structure of Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide is composed of a sodium ion (Na+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-). It is an ionically bonded compound, which comprises of a metal and non-metal. The Sodium metal loses an electron and forms Na+ ion and requires energy to make remove one electron since sodium metal is its most stable state. 1 A saturated fatty acid.
By Alan Joye The hydroxide ion (non-metal) is from a water molecule and it requires a lot of energy to split into a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion since hydroxide ion is readily reactive. Sodium Hydroxide: Since both ions have a 1:1 ratio of the same degree of charges, this will form a neutral compound. Although, the hydroxide ion is larger than the sodium ion making it more negative than positive. General Form of Sodium Hydroxide Molecule: Na OH Bibliography
By Alan Joye DOW Caustic Soda: "Physical Properties" 1995, viewed 21/9/10, http://www.dow.com/causticsoda/ phys/index.htm. Green Planet Solar Energy: "The Structure of Sodium Hydroxide" 2010, viewed 21/9/10, http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/sodium-hydroxide.html. Sodium Hydroxide 2008, viewed 21/9/10, http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi? ID=C1310732&Units=SI&Mask=1EFF&Type=JANAFL&Table=on#JANAFL. Wikipedia: "Sodium Hydroxide" 2010, viewed 21/9/10, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide.

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Sodium Hydroxide

  • 1. By Alan Joye Sodium Hydroxide Chemical Formula: NaOH Synonyms: caustic soda, lye (sodium hydroxide solid) or sodium hydrate. Physical Properties Table 1.0: Physical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide. Property Information Molecular Weight 39.997g/mol Appearance (solid) White Crystalline Substance Transparent Only in liquid form Odour None Density 2.13g/cm続 Boiling Point 1390属C Melting Point 318属C Freezing Point 14属C Vapour Pressure (0.2 kPa, 20属C) 1.5mmHg Specific Gravity (20属C) 1.52g/ml Flammable No Chemical Properties Table 1.1: Chemical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide. Property Information Chemical Formula NaOH Acidity Very Low (13-14 pH) Basic Type Caustic Metallic Base Corrosive High Reactivity Medium Hygroscopic Yes Solubility (20属C) 1110g/L
  • 2. By Alan Joye Soluble (in) Water, acids, alcohol and other materials Neutralisation Reaction The hydroxide ion is a component of the sodium hydroxide, this anion makes this compound a very strong base which react with any acid which will neutralise each other, according to Bronsted- Lowrys theory. In general, neutralisation reactions can be represented as follows in an ionic equation: OH(aq) + H+(aq) H2O(l) Sodium hydroxide reacting with an acid will generally result in a neutralisation process, which will produce water and a corresponding salt depending upon the acid reacted with. For instance, sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloride acid: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Sodium Hydroxide reaction with acidic oxides This is another type of reaction that is vital to illustrate in terms for sodium hydroxide due to this reaction harm gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (production of burning coal) to be scrubbed and absorbed, reducing the amount exposed into the atmosphere. 2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l) As you can see, in the above reaction, sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide gas (harmful gas to atmosphere) produces sodium carbonate and water. Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is a very safe compound, which is used in detergents to remove oil, grease and alcohol stains. Basically reducing a harmful gas into a non-harmful compound. Saponification Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide Saponification is a chemical process that results in the production of soap from fatty acids such as Stearic acid (C17H35COOH)1 and a base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH): C17H35COOH(s) + NaOH(aq) C17H35COONa(aq) + H2O(l) The Structure of Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide is composed of a sodium ion (Na+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-). It is an ionically bonded compound, which comprises of a metal and non-metal. The Sodium metal loses an electron and forms Na+ ion and requires energy to make remove one electron since sodium metal is its most stable state. 1 A saturated fatty acid.
  • 3. By Alan Joye The hydroxide ion (non-metal) is from a water molecule and it requires a lot of energy to split into a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion since hydroxide ion is readily reactive. Sodium Hydroxide: Since both ions have a 1:1 ratio of the same degree of charges, this will form a neutral compound. Although, the hydroxide ion is larger than the sodium ion making it more negative than positive. General Form of Sodium Hydroxide Molecule: Na OH Bibliography
  • 4. By Alan Joye DOW Caustic Soda: "Physical Properties" 1995, viewed 21/9/10, http://www.dow.com/causticsoda/ phys/index.htm. Green Planet Solar Energy: "The Structure of Sodium Hydroxide" 2010, viewed 21/9/10, http://www.green-planet-solar-energy.com/sodium-hydroxide.html. Sodium Hydroxide 2008, viewed 21/9/10, http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi? ID=C1310732&Units=SI&Mask=1EFF&Type=JANAFL&Table=on#JANAFL. Wikipedia: "Sodium Hydroxide" 2010, viewed 21/9/10, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide.