analysis based on original NASA data files from SOHO near real time data archive and science archive:
~ 15,000+ C2/C3 images visual check
~ 1,000+ C2/C3 images filtered (5-10 filters)
random selection & filtering of 2006 C2/C3 archive(~ 2,000 3,000 images)
manual check of ~ 500 1,000 FITS files
manual check of ~ 1,000+ EIT/EUV images
image download & analysis from differentweb pages
analysis of the available SOHO & instrument papers
NASA cant fake up to 240 LASCO images per day transmitted by SOHO!
Michael Kalika captured images of deep space objects from his remote observatory in the Negev Desert of Israel. He used a variety of equipment including a 6-inch telescope, DSLR camera, and auto-guider to take long-exposure images of nebulae and galaxies. Through dedicated astrophotography, which requires driving long distances to dark sites and processing images, he was able to photograph objects like the Orion Nebula, Sculptor Galaxy, and Rosette Nebula.
The document discusses the distance ladder, which is an attempt to determine astronomical distances by using a series of methods that build on one another. Within the Solar System, distances are measured using radar ranging. Within the galaxy, distances are measured using stellar parallax, main sequence fitting, and properties of Cepheid variable stars. Further out in the universe, distances are measured using the Tully-Fisher relation, Type Ia supernovae, brightest cluster galaxies, and Hubble's law. The document aims to answer fundamental questions about what exists in the universe and how large it is.
1. The document discusses the history of the idea of black holes, from early proposals by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace to modern understanding through Einstein's theory of general relativity.
2. It describes how black holes are formed when massive stars collapse under their own gravity after exhausting their nuclear fuel. This can cause the star to completely disappear within an event horizon.
3. The document explores how astronomers can observe black holes through their effects on nearby matter like heating gas to high temperatures visible through X-ray and gamma ray emissions, and through the orbital motions of companion stars.
Application of X-ray plasma diagnostics to nova windsAstroAtom
油
Talk presented by Jan-Uwe Ness (XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre) at the symposium "From atoms to stars: the impact of spectroscopy on astrophysics", Oxford, UK, 28-28 July 2011.
Neutrinos: The Chameleon in the Elementary Particle ZooAlan Poon
油
Neutrinos are extremely lightweight elementary particles that are produced by nuclear reactions in the Sun. The document discusses the challenges of detecting neutrinos due to their very small interaction cross-section. It summarizes the discoveries made by Ray Davis Jr. using a large tank of cleaning fluid to detect solar neutrinos, as well as the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory which was able to detect neutrinos via three different reactions and demonstrated that neutrinos oscillate between flavors as they travel, indicating neutrinos have mass. The document provides background on neutrino sources, detection challenges, and important experiments that advanced the understanding of neutrino properties.
This technical report discusses black holes and their properties. It defines a black hole as an area of space-time with such intense gravitational pull that nothing, not even light, can escape. The report describes how black holes are formed from massive stars undergoing supernovas and collapsing under their own gravity. It also discusses observational evidence of black holes through detections of their intense gravitational lensing, jets of particles and electromagnetic emissions. The report concludes that while debated, black holes provide the best explanation for various astronomical observations and their existence is supported by modern theories of physics and astronomy.
Crowdsourcing the Solar System is a citizen science project that aims to create high-quality science images and a comprehensive catalog of over 10,000 archival Hubble Space Telescope images of the solar system. The project team led by Max Mutchler at the Space Telescope Science Institute is developing specialized image processing and cataloging software to optimize the existing images for moving targets like planets and their moons. The software handles tasks like cosmic ray rejection, coordinate conversion, and metadata extraction to tag all detected objects across the large collection of images. The fully processed images and catalogs will be made available online for scientific analysis. The project also plans to engage citizen scientists to help visually inspect and verify the automated object detections.
International light day scrolling presentationAlice Sheppard
油
This document provides an overview of light and the electromagnetic spectrum through a series of images and captions. It discusses how light travels from the sun, the different types of electromagnetic waves including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays. It also summarizes how artists use light effects, how humans and other animals perceive light, and examples of bioluminescence in nature. The document aims to educate about light and its properties and interactions.
Every issue of Ispectrum Magazine delivers:The latest news and theories in the world of anthropology health,science,economy technology,archaelogy,space,environment psychology,X-Files
This document provides an overview of comets, predictions of the end of the world, and the alleged "Planet X." It discusses comet composition, past comet and asteroid impacts on Earth, the solar system's scale and amateur astronomy. It examines data from comets Wild 2, Halley and Tempel 1, as well as comet probe missions. The document analyzes the story of Comet Hale-Bopp and its link to an apocalyptic prediction. It also reviews theories about comets, including the standard "dirty snowball" model and alternative "electric comet" theory. Finally, it summarizes the controversy over an alleged companion object photographed near Hale-Bopp by amateur astronomer Chuck Shramek.
The document discusses the high-energy universe and active galactic nuclei. It covers the basic emission mechanisms of radio, infrared, optical, x-ray and gamma rays from active galactic nuclei. It also discusses some of the most promising models for what causes the jets from active galactic nuclei and why active galactic nuclei are interesting objects to study, being some of the most spectacular in the universe. The document also briefly mentions observing active galactic nuclei over 13 orders of magnitude in energy and using neutrino detectors like IceCube to study high-energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei.
In 1995, two Swiss astronomers became the first to detect a planet in orbit around a far off star similar to our Sun. Since then, more than 400 of these worlds, called exoplanets, have been found. With the discoveries come hopes for finding life outside our solar system.
Stephane Udry, an astrophysicist from the University of Geneva, is part of a team leading the search for exoplanets. In 2007, he was among scientists to discover a celestial body within the habitable zone of its solar system in orbit around a red dwarf star called Gliese 581, some 20 light-years away near the constellation Libra. Being in the habitable zone means that any water on its surface could exist in liquid form as it does here on Earth. Could life flourish there, too?
On Sunday, February 28, 2010, Professor Udry invites the swissnex San Francisco audience to join him for an enlightening journey into the questions and methodology behind his work. Hell explain how astronomers go about searching for exoplanets, how they now view planet formation, and what new findings mean for the future and for the search for life beyond Earth.
This chapter discusses atomic physics and spectra. It explains that stars with different surface temperatures emit different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, allowing astronomers to determine the chemical compositions of stars and interstellar clouds. Spectroscopy provides information about distant astronomical objects by analyzing their characteristic spectral lines. The temperature of a star can be estimated by examining the intensity of light across wavelengths, as hotter stars emit more radiation and peak at shorter wavelengths according to blackbody radiation laws.
analysis based on original NASA data files from SOHO near real time data archive and science archive:
~ 15,000+ C2/C3 images visual check
~ 1,000+ C2/C3 images filtered (5-10 filters)
random selection & filtering of 2006 C2/C3 archive(~ 2,000 3,000 images)
manual check of ~ 500 1,000 FITS files
manual check of ~ 1,000+ EIT/EUV images
image download & analysis from differentweb pages
analysis of the available SOHO & instrument papers
NASA cant fake up to 240 LASCO images per day transmitted by SOHO!
Quarks are the smallest particles and always come in pairs known as hadrons. The elements necessary for life were formed in exploding stars and reached Earth. Our bodies contain atoms from supernova stars that spread chemical enrichment. The God Helmet can induce experiences like out of body experiences through cognitive effects. When we look at stars, we see into the past due to the long travel time of light. Photons experience no time during travel due to the constant speed of light.
This document discusses the properties and uses of telescopes. It begins by explaining that telescopes collect and focus light to observe astronomical objects using electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum. It then discusses key topics like the nature of light as waves, the development of reflecting telescopes, and factors that influence a telescope's capabilities such as light gathering power and resolution. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and the limitations of different telescope designs.
1) The document hypothesizes that dark matter images were accidentally recorded by cameras on the TSS-1R satellite during a 1996 NASA mission mishap. Disk-like images seen moving beyond the receding satellite are proposed to be evidence of dark matter.
2) It further conjectures that these disk images each represent two single-notch 2D disks "stuck together" from a lower plane of existence, representing doubled magnetic monopoles on that plane.
3) A mathematical formula is proposed to describe the number of fundamental particles ("koilon quanta") that make up electrons and other fundamental particles on different planes of existence.
The document proposes that living on the sun may be possible by meeting certain requirements. It outlines what would be needed such as liquids and metals with boiling/melting points over 6000 degrees Celsius. It also suggests ways that people could travel from Earth to the sun, such as via space ships, atomic transmission, or dragon journey. Living on the sun could become a solution as Earth faces overpopulation and resource depletion issues due to global warming.
The article discusses observations from multiple space-based observatories that tracked a sun-diving comet, C/2011 N3 (SOHO), as it passed through the Sun's corona and disintegrated. The observatories captured details of the comet's flight path, emissions, and disintegration over time. Studying how comets interact with and break apart in the corona can provide insights into comet composition and the early solar system.
The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA's next flagship mission. Webb will revolutionize astronomy in the infrared like the Hubble Space Telescope has done for the visible portion of the spectrum over the last 22 years. Webb will reveal the story of the formation of the first starts and galaxies, investigate the processes of planet formation, and trace the origins of life.
Gravitational Wave Astronomy is a fascinating discovery made a few years ago that changed the notions of modern physics. This presentation won the 3rd Prize in the SPIE student chapter's Oral Presetation in my college.
Ed Friedman traveled to CERN in Geneva, Switzerland on June 8, 2012. While there, he took a tour of CERN headquarters and control rooms, and visited the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. The CMS experiment uses a particle detector to investigate physics including the search for the Higgs boson and dark matter. Friedman's special access included a lecture on the status of the Higgs boson discovery.
The document discusses several key topics in cosmology and astrophysics, including the composition and evolution of the universe, dark matter and dark energy, simulations of cosmic evolution, measurements of gravitational lensing, X-ray surveys of galaxy clusters, Type Ia supernovae, black holes in galaxy nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, and element abundances. It provides an overview of open questions and areas of ongoing research across these topics, highlighting the potential for new observations and experiments to improve our understanding of fundamental cosmological and astrophysical problems.
This was a talk I gave at CU Boulder SEDs in Nov 2011 to showcase the variety and opportunities for student-run science and engineering experiments on suborbital platforms. The area of suborbital space is rapidly expanding and is set to change how we expand our use of technology for future science and exploration space missions.
This document provides information about an artist named TeZ and their work in various areas of new media art including audiovisual performances, generative composition, experimental media, synesthetic media, sound spatialization, and immersive environments. It discusses TeZ's focus on technology, sensory modes, perception and space from the 1990s to present. It also lists some of TeZ's collaborations with institutions and provides brief descriptions of some of TeZ's artistic projects involving spectral phenomena, sensoriums, cymatics, bioluminescence, electroculture, and biological computation.
This document provides an introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics. It discusses goals of learning about the physics of radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and their applications. It also covers hazards and safety mechanisms. Examples discussed include observing particle trails in a cloud chamber, the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and how intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law.
PROTEIN DEGRADATION via ubiquitous pathawayKaviya Priya A
油
Protein degradation via ubiquitous pathway In general science, a ubiquitous pathway refers to a biochemical or metabolic pathway that is:
1. *Widely present*: Found in many different organisms, tissues, or cells.
2. *Conserved*: Remains relatively unchanged across different species or contexts.
Examples of ubiquitous pathways include:
1. *Glycolysis*: The process of breaking down glucose for energy, found in nearly all living organisms.
2. *Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)*: A key metabolic pathway involved in energy production, present in many cells.
3. *Pentose phosphate pathway*: A metabolic pathway involved in energy production and antioxidant defenses, found in many organisms.
These pathways are essential for life and have been conserved across evolution, highlighting their importance for cellular function and survival.
Every issue of Ispectrum Magazine delivers:The latest news and theories in the world of anthropology health,science,economy technology,archaelogy,space,environment psychology,X-Files
This document provides an overview of comets, predictions of the end of the world, and the alleged "Planet X." It discusses comet composition, past comet and asteroid impacts on Earth, the solar system's scale and amateur astronomy. It examines data from comets Wild 2, Halley and Tempel 1, as well as comet probe missions. The document analyzes the story of Comet Hale-Bopp and its link to an apocalyptic prediction. It also reviews theories about comets, including the standard "dirty snowball" model and alternative "electric comet" theory. Finally, it summarizes the controversy over an alleged companion object photographed near Hale-Bopp by amateur astronomer Chuck Shramek.
The document discusses the high-energy universe and active galactic nuclei. It covers the basic emission mechanisms of radio, infrared, optical, x-ray and gamma rays from active galactic nuclei. It also discusses some of the most promising models for what causes the jets from active galactic nuclei and why active galactic nuclei are interesting objects to study, being some of the most spectacular in the universe. The document also briefly mentions observing active galactic nuclei over 13 orders of magnitude in energy and using neutrino detectors like IceCube to study high-energy neutrinos from active galactic nuclei.
In 1995, two Swiss astronomers became the first to detect a planet in orbit around a far off star similar to our Sun. Since then, more than 400 of these worlds, called exoplanets, have been found. With the discoveries come hopes for finding life outside our solar system.
Stephane Udry, an astrophysicist from the University of Geneva, is part of a team leading the search for exoplanets. In 2007, he was among scientists to discover a celestial body within the habitable zone of its solar system in orbit around a red dwarf star called Gliese 581, some 20 light-years away near the constellation Libra. Being in the habitable zone means that any water on its surface could exist in liquid form as it does here on Earth. Could life flourish there, too?
On Sunday, February 28, 2010, Professor Udry invites the swissnex San Francisco audience to join him for an enlightening journey into the questions and methodology behind his work. Hell explain how astronomers go about searching for exoplanets, how they now view planet formation, and what new findings mean for the future and for the search for life beyond Earth.
This chapter discusses atomic physics and spectra. It explains that stars with different surface temperatures emit different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, allowing astronomers to determine the chemical compositions of stars and interstellar clouds. Spectroscopy provides information about distant astronomical objects by analyzing their characteristic spectral lines. The temperature of a star can be estimated by examining the intensity of light across wavelengths, as hotter stars emit more radiation and peak at shorter wavelengths according to blackbody radiation laws.
analysis based on original NASA data files from SOHO near real time data archive and science archive:
~ 15,000+ C2/C3 images visual check
~ 1,000+ C2/C3 images filtered (5-10 filters)
random selection & filtering of 2006 C2/C3 archive(~ 2,000 3,000 images)
manual check of ~ 500 1,000 FITS files
manual check of ~ 1,000+ EIT/EUV images
image download & analysis from differentweb pages
analysis of the available SOHO & instrument papers
NASA cant fake up to 240 LASCO images per day transmitted by SOHO!
Quarks are the smallest particles and always come in pairs known as hadrons. The elements necessary for life were formed in exploding stars and reached Earth. Our bodies contain atoms from supernova stars that spread chemical enrichment. The God Helmet can induce experiences like out of body experiences through cognitive effects. When we look at stars, we see into the past due to the long travel time of light. Photons experience no time during travel due to the constant speed of light.
This document discusses the properties and uses of telescopes. It begins by explaining that telescopes collect and focus light to observe astronomical objects using electromagnetic radiation across the spectrum. It then discusses key topics like the nature of light as waves, the development of reflecting telescopes, and factors that influence a telescope's capabilities such as light gathering power and resolution. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts and the limitations of different telescope designs.
1) The document hypothesizes that dark matter images were accidentally recorded by cameras on the TSS-1R satellite during a 1996 NASA mission mishap. Disk-like images seen moving beyond the receding satellite are proposed to be evidence of dark matter.
2) It further conjectures that these disk images each represent two single-notch 2D disks "stuck together" from a lower plane of existence, representing doubled magnetic monopoles on that plane.
3) A mathematical formula is proposed to describe the number of fundamental particles ("koilon quanta") that make up electrons and other fundamental particles on different planes of existence.
The document proposes that living on the sun may be possible by meeting certain requirements. It outlines what would be needed such as liquids and metals with boiling/melting points over 6000 degrees Celsius. It also suggests ways that people could travel from Earth to the sun, such as via space ships, atomic transmission, or dragon journey. Living on the sun could become a solution as Earth faces overpopulation and resource depletion issues due to global warming.
The article discusses observations from multiple space-based observatories that tracked a sun-diving comet, C/2011 N3 (SOHO), as it passed through the Sun's corona and disintegrated. The observatories captured details of the comet's flight path, emissions, and disintegration over time. Studying how comets interact with and break apart in the corona can provide insights into comet composition and the early solar system.
The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA's next flagship mission. Webb will revolutionize astronomy in the infrared like the Hubble Space Telescope has done for the visible portion of the spectrum over the last 22 years. Webb will reveal the story of the formation of the first starts and galaxies, investigate the processes of planet formation, and trace the origins of life.
Gravitational Wave Astronomy is a fascinating discovery made a few years ago that changed the notions of modern physics. This presentation won the 3rd Prize in the SPIE student chapter's Oral Presetation in my college.
Ed Friedman traveled to CERN in Geneva, Switzerland on June 8, 2012. While there, he took a tour of CERN headquarters and control rooms, and visited the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. The CMS experiment uses a particle detector to investigate physics including the search for the Higgs boson and dark matter. Friedman's special access included a lecture on the status of the Higgs boson discovery.
The document discusses several key topics in cosmology and astrophysics, including the composition and evolution of the universe, dark matter and dark energy, simulations of cosmic evolution, measurements of gravitational lensing, X-ray surveys of galaxy clusters, Type Ia supernovae, black holes in galaxy nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, and element abundances. It provides an overview of open questions and areas of ongoing research across these topics, highlighting the potential for new observations and experiments to improve our understanding of fundamental cosmological and astrophysical problems.
This was a talk I gave at CU Boulder SEDs in Nov 2011 to showcase the variety and opportunities for student-run science and engineering experiments on suborbital platforms. The area of suborbital space is rapidly expanding and is set to change how we expand our use of technology for future science and exploration space missions.
This document provides information about an artist named TeZ and their work in various areas of new media art including audiovisual performances, generative composition, experimental media, synesthetic media, sound spatialization, and immersive environments. It discusses TeZ's focus on technology, sensory modes, perception and space from the 1990s to present. It also lists some of TeZ's collaborations with institutions and provides brief descriptions of some of TeZ's artistic projects involving spectral phenomena, sensoriums, cymatics, bioluminescence, electroculture, and biological computation.
This document provides an introduction to radioactivity and nuclear physics. It discusses goals of learning about the physics of radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and their applications. It also covers hazards and safety mechanisms. Examples discussed include observing particle trails in a cloud chamber, the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and how intensity of radiation follows the inverse square law.
PROTEIN DEGRADATION via ubiquitous pathawayKaviya Priya A
油
Protein degradation via ubiquitous pathway In general science, a ubiquitous pathway refers to a biochemical or metabolic pathway that is:
1. *Widely present*: Found in many different organisms, tissues, or cells.
2. *Conserved*: Remains relatively unchanged across different species or contexts.
Examples of ubiquitous pathways include:
1. *Glycolysis*: The process of breaking down glucose for energy, found in nearly all living organisms.
2. *Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)*: A key metabolic pathway involved in energy production, present in many cells.
3. *Pentose phosphate pathway*: A metabolic pathway involved in energy production and antioxidant defenses, found in many organisms.
These pathways are essential for life and have been conserved across evolution, highlighting their importance for cellular function and survival.
Beyond Point Masses. IV. Trans-Neptunian Object Altjira Is Likely a Hierarchi...S辿rgio Sacani
油
Dynamically studying trans-Neptunian object (TNO) binaries allows us to measure masses and orbits. Most of the known objects appear to have only two components, except (47171) Lempo, which is the single known hierarchical triple system with three similar-mass components. Though hundreds of TNOs have been imaged with high-resolution telescopes, no other hierarchical triples (or trinaries) have been found among solar system small bodies, even though they are predicted in planetesimal formation models such as gravitational collapse after the streaming instability. By going beyond the point-mass assumption and modeling TNO orbits as non-Keplerian, we open a new window into the shapes and spins of the components, including the possible presence of unresolved inner binaries. Here we present evidence for a new hierarchical triple, (148780) Altjira (2001 UQ18), based on non-Keplerian dynamical modeling of the two observed components. We incorporate two recent Hubble Space Telescope observations, leading to a 17 yr observational baseline. We present a new open-source Bayesian pointspread function fitting code called nPSF that provides precise relative astrometry and uncertainties for single images. Our non-Keplerian analysis measures a statistically significant (2.5) nonspherical shape for Altjira. The measured J2 is best explained as an unresolved inner binary, and an example hierarchical triple model gives the best fit to the observed astrometry. Using an updated non-Keplerian ephemeris (which is significantly different from the Keplerian predictions), we show that the predicted mutual event season for Altjira has already begun, with several excellent opportunities for observations through 2030.
Detection of ferrihydrite in Martian red dust records ancient cold and wet co...S辿rgio Sacani
油
Iron oxide-hydroxide minerals in Martian dust provide crucial insights into
Mars past climate and habitability. Previous studies attributed Mars red color
to anhydrous hematite formed through recent weathering. Here, we show that
poorly crystalline ferrihydrite (Fe5O8H 揃 nH2O) is the dominant iron oxidebearing phase in Martian dust, based on combined analyses of orbital, in-situ,
and laboratory visible near-infrared spectra. Spectroscopic analyses indicate
that a hyperfine mixture of ferrihydrite, basalt and sulfate best matches Martian dust observations. Through laboratory experiments and kinetic calculations, we demonstrate that ferrihydrite remains stable under present-day
Martian conditions, preserving its poorly crystalline structure. The persistence
of ferrihydrite suggests it formed during a cold, wet period on early Mars
under oxidative conditions, followed by a transition to the current hyper-arid
environment. This finding challenges previous models of continuous dry oxidation and indicates that ancient Mars experienced aqueous alteration before
transitioning to its current desert state.
This PowerPoint gives a brief idea about the identification of herbal drug plants with special reference to organoleptic studies. The study comprises different parameters like physical, chemical, biological, and other features associated with it. It offers an idea about the need for scientifically identifying drug plants to avoid adulteration.
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell.pptxDrSulabhaDeokar
油
This presentation explores the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells,distinguishing characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.Describe common cell morphologies and cellular arrangements in typical Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Presentation explains how cells maintain their morphology.
Explore internal and external structures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in terms of their physical structure, chemical structure and function.
This presentation is designed for biology students, educators, and anyone interested in cellular biology. Based on the latest research and scientific discoveries in the field of Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology and cellular biology. This Presentation has been compiled using information from trusted educational resources and scientific literature.
The purpose of this presentation is to educate and inform the students about the fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their unique structures, functions, and characteristics, which provide a comprehensive understanding of cellular biology.
Educate the students and teachers about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in detail.
This presentation will engage and entertain the students, often with a mix of detail information, colourful pictures and storytelling.
This presentation will motivate and inspire the students to think differently, take action, or pursue a goal.
Definitely it will raise awareness about a ultrastructures of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes .
This presentation will Provide an update or report on a science projects and progress as well as inspire the graduate students to learn more about cellular biology and its applications.
This presentation will inspire studets, teachers and educational professionals to explore digital resource for e - learnig .
Presentation likely to be used by under graduate and post graduate students, educators or individuals for online learning.
It can work as digital resource for a broader e- learning ecosystem.
This presentation highlights '' NEP-aligned Biotechnology and Biology education.''
"Discover the distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, from cell walls to genetic material. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of cellular biology.Learn about the two main types of cells - prokaryotic,eukaryotic and their differences in structure, function, and organization. A great resource for biology learners.Uncover the unique characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in this informative PPT.
Coordination and Response: The Nervous System | IGCSE BiologyBlessing Ndazie
油
This comprehensive IGCSE Biology presentation explains the nervous system, focusing on how the body coordinates and responds to stimuli. Learn about the central and peripheral nervous systems, reflex actions, neurons, synapses, and the role of neurotransmitters. Understand the differences between voluntary and involuntary responses and how the nervous system interacts with other body systems. Ideal for Cambridge IGCSE students preparing for exams!
Pig farming, pork farming, pig production or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins.
Pigs are amenable to many different styles of farming: intensive commercial units, commercial free range enterprises, or extensive farming (being allowed to wander around a village, town or city, or tethered in a simple shelter or kept in a pen outside the owner's house). Historically, farm pigs were kept in small numbers and were closely associated with the residence of the owner, or in the same village or town.[1] They were valued as a source of meat and fat, and for their ability to convert inedible food into meat and manure, and were often fed household food waste when kept on a homestead.[2] Pigs have been farmed to dispose of municipal garbage on a large scale.[3]
All these forms of pig farm are in use today, though intensive farms are by far the most popular, due to their potential to raise a large amount of pigs in a very cost-efficient manner.[4] In developed nations, commercial farms house thousands of pigs in climate-controlled buildings.[5] Pigs are a popular form of livestock, with more than one billion pigs butchered each year worldwide, 100 million in the United States. The majority of pigs are used for human food, but also supply skin, fat and other materials for use in clothing, ingredients for processed foods,[6] cosmetics,[7] and medical use.[8]Pig farming has gained importance today. Pigs have inherited capacity to acclimatize with varying climatic conditions. Pigs cannot withstand high temperature climate.
Pigs are adjusted to varied rearing practices and consume different types of food (Omnivorous) to attain higher growth and meat production.
Pigs will attain 60-70kg body weight in 6-8months period.
Female pigs i.e., sows will come to heat at age of 8-9 months but avoid using male pigs (Boars) for breeding purpose until it attains one year of age.
Adult sows when bred during right time after attaining maturity will farrow 8-12 piglets in 112-118 days of gestation period (i.e., about 4 months of gestation). Feedefficiencyis to gain one Kg live weightfor every 2.75-3kg feed consumed (FCR: 1:2.75). There are many advantageous in pig rearing. Pork is available at a cheaper price with nutritious and highly palatable tasty meat of higher quality animal protein. Pig bones are used for producing bone meal and also used for purification of sugar in sugar industry.
The manure droppings and urine are good fertilizers which enhance the soil fertilityand improve grain production.
Pig hairs (Bristles) are used for making brushes and ropes, hooves are used for shirt button making and preparation of gum. Hence, pigs are called as multi utility domestic animals. Farmers can take up piggery farming and reduce their debt burden and improve their profits and livelihood.
Improving the Perturbation-Based Explanation of Deepfake Detectors Through th...VasileiosMezaris
油
Presentation of our paper, "Improving the Perturbation-Based Explanation of Deepfake Detectors Through the Use of Adversarially-Generated Samples", by K. Tsigos, E. Apostolidis and V. Mezaris. Presented at the AI4MFDD Workshop of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 2025), Tucson, AZ, USA, Feb. 2025. Preprint and software available at http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03957 https://github.com/IDT-ITI/Adv-XAI-Deepfakes
This ppt shows about viral disease in plants and vegetables.It shows different species of virus effect on plants along their vectors which carries those tiny microbes.
Simple Phenomena of Magnetism | IGCSE PhysicsBlessing Ndazie
油
This extensive slide deck provides a detailed exploration of the simple phenomena of magnetism for IGCSE Physics. It covers key concepts such as magnetic materials, properties of magnets, magnetic field patterns, the Earth's magnetism, electromagnets, the motor effect, and the principles of electromagnetic induction. The presentation also explains magnetization and demagnetization, methods of making magnets, applications of magnets in real life, and experimental demonstrations. Featuring illustrative diagrams, worked examples, and exam-style questions, this resource is ideal for IGCSE students, teachers, and independent learners preparing for exams.
Simple Phenomena of Magnetism | IGCSE PhysicsBlessing Ndazie
油
Soho Image Anomalies - Analysis 2
1. The Evidence IIThe Evidence II
- supplement -- supplement -
Analysis of SOHO imagesAnalysis of SOHO images
(dealing with intelligent comets)(dealing with intelligent comets)
- compiled by Nobody * -- compiled by Nobody * -
2007/06/242007/06/24
*Movie: Terence Hill / Henry Fonda*Movie: Terence Hill / Henry Fonda
Credit: EVIDENCE the case for NASA UFOs published by David Sereda
3. IntroductionIntroduction
solar activity affects all life on Earth!
LASCO C2: space ships fire beams into the sun?
Do they? Arent they simply attached to the sun?
http://www.rense.com/general62/manip.htm
Credit: AD = Andrew Johnson
www.checktheevidence.com
source:
4. Cosmic philosophyCosmic philosophy
DNA is centrally responsible for manifesting and maintaining yourDNA is centrally responsible for manifesting and maintaining your earthlyearthly
existenceexistence
DNA DNA the sacred spiralthe sacred spiral is, in fact, the ideal super conductor, and micro- is, in fact, the ideal super conductor, and micro-
antennae, designed to perfection beyond the reach of the wildestantennae, designed to perfection beyond the reach of the wildest
imagination, for physical re-spiritualizationimagination, for physical re-spiritualization
DNAs energy signaling is influenced and interrupted by other sources ofDNAs energy signaling is influenced and interrupted by other sources of
energy.energy. These include natural electromagnetic frequencies from spaceThese include natural electromagnetic frequencies from space,,
as well as those coming from our own planetas well as those coming from our own planet
Alternatively,Alternatively, you can be healed by tuning into energy frequenciesyou can be healed by tuning into energy frequencies thatthat
are consistent with the natural tuning of your organism, that is, the way inare consistent with the natural tuning of your organism, that is, the way in
which your DNA and cells have been fine-tuned by nature, or the creator, towhich your DNA and cells have been fine-tuned by nature, or the creator, to
receive and interpret energy signals. In short, your DNA is both a crystalreceive and interpret energy signals. In short, your DNA is both a crystal
receiver and harmonic player developed toreceiver and harmonic player developed to perform symphoniesperform symphonies
transmitted by a Divine orchestratransmitted by a Divine orchestra
Credit: Dr. Leonard G. Horowitz, DNA: Pirates of the Sacred Spiral
5. Useful links / technical papersUseful links / technical papers
Transformation der Erde (Credit: Dr. MorpheusTransformation der Erde (Credit: Dr. Morpheus ))
http://www.amazon.de/Transformation-Erde-Interkosmische-Einfl%C3%BCsse-http://www.amazon.de/Transformation-Erde-Interkosmische-Einfl%C3%BCsse-
Bewusstsein/dp/393798724X/ref=sr_1_1/303-5244746-7577809?Bewusstsein/dp/393798724X/ref=sr_1_1/303-5244746-7577809?
ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1182601002&sr=1-1ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1182601002&sr=1-1
The Sun CruiserThe Sun Cruiser
http://iwonderproductions.com/suncru.htmhttp://iwonderproductions.com/suncru.htm
The Gods are HereThe Gods are Here
http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/more_perseus.htmlhttp://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/more_perseus.html
Stargate FilesStargate Files
http://www.stargatefiles.com/suncruiser.htmhttp://www.stargatefiles.com/suncruiser.htm
OrbitOrbit
http://members.aol.com/phikent/orbit/orbitback64.htmlhttp://members.aol.com/phikent/orbit/orbitback64.html
SOHO GallerySOHO Gallery
http://sohogallery.50megs.com/http://sohogallery.50megs.com/
The Sun Cruiser ImagesThe Sun Cruiser Images
http://www.angelfire.com/zine/UFORCE/page58.htmlhttp://www.angelfire.com/zine/UFORCE/page58.html
Display ResolutionDisplay Resolution
http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolutionen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolution
PixelPixel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel
A Pixel is not a little square!A Pixel is not a little square!
http://alvyray.com/Memos/MemosMicrosoft.htm#PixelIsNotSquarehttp://alvyray.com/Memos/MemosMicrosoft.htm#PixelIsNotSquare
6. Excursion: SolarizationExcursion: Solarization
Legend:
粒 = Gamma rays
HX = Hard X-rays
SX = Soft X-Rays
EUV = Extreme ultraviolet
NUV = Near ultraviolet
Visible light
NIR = Near infrared
MIR = Moderate infrared
FIR = Far infrared
Radio waves:
EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves)
SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves)
UHF = Ultrahigh frequency
VHF = Very high frequency
HF = High frequency
MF = Medium frequency
LF = Low frequency
VLF = Very low frequency
VF = Voice frequency
ELF = Extremely low frequency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solarisation
- Solarisation is a phenomenon in photography in which the image
recorded on a negative or on a photographic print is wholly or partially
reversed in tone. Dark areas appear light and vice versa
- Solarization refers to a phenomenon in physics where a material
undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high
energy electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light or X-rays
7. Excursion: CCD basicsExcursion: CCD basics
In order for a continuous-tone or analog image to be processed or displayed by a computer, it must first be converted into
a computer-readable form or digital format. This process applies to all images, regardless the origin and complexity, and
whether they exist as black and white (grayscale) or full color. To convert a continuous-tone image into a digital format,
the analog image is divided into individual brightness values through two operational processes that are termed
sampling and quantization. After sampling in a two-dimensional array, brightness levels at specific locations in the analog
image are recorded and subsequently converted into integers during the process of quantization. The target objective is to
convert the image into an array of discrete points that each contain specific information about brightness or tonal range and
can be described by a specific digital data value in a precise location. The sampling process measures the intensity at
successive locations in the image and forms a two-dimensional array of intensity information. After sampling is completed,
the resulting data is quantized to assign a specific digital brightness value to each sampled data point, ranging from black,
through all of the intermediate gray levels, to white. The result is a numerical representation of the intensity, which is
commonly referred to as a picture element or pixel, for each sampled data point in the array.
array of
intensity values
(digital)
CCD = array of photo elements
brightness
values
(analog)
incoming
photons
1
2
3
8. Excursion: Comet basics IExcursion: Comet basics I
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet
AA cometcomet is a small body in the solar system that orbits theis a small body in the solar system that orbits the SunSun and (at least occasionally)and (at least occasionally)
exhibits aexhibits a comacoma (or atmosphere) and/or a tail both primarily from the effects of solar radiation(or atmosphere) and/or a tail both primarily from the effects of solar radiation
upon the comet'supon the comet's nucleusnucleus, which itself is a minor body composed of rock, dust, and ice. Comets', which itself is a minor body composed of rock, dust, and ice. Comets'
orbits are constantly changing: their origins are in the outer solar system, and they have aorbits are constantly changing: their origins are in the outer solar system, and they have a
propensity to be highly affected (orpropensity to be highly affected (or perturbedperturbed) by relatively close approaches to the major) by relatively close approaches to the major
planets. Some are moved into sun grazing orbits that destroy the comets when they near theplanets. Some are moved into sun grazing orbits that destroy the comets when they near the
Sun, while others are thrown out of the solar system forever.Sun, while others are thrown out of the solar system forever.
A new comet may be discovered photographically using a wide-field telescope or visually withA new comet may be discovered photographically using a wide-field telescope or visually with
binoculars. However, even without access to optical equipment, it is still possible for the amateurbinoculars. However, even without access to optical equipment, it is still possible for the amateur
astronomer to discover a sun grazing comet online.astronomer to discover a sun grazing comet online.
Most comets are believed to originate in a cloud (theMost comets are believed to originate in a cloud (the Oort cloudOort cloud) at large distances from the Sun) at large distances from the Sun
consisting of debris left over from theconsisting of debris left over from the condensationcondensation of theof the solar nebulasolar nebula; the outer edges of such; the outer edges of such
nebulae arenebulae are coolcool enough thatenough that waterwater exists in aexists in a solidsolid (rather than(rather than gaseousgaseous)) statestate.. AsteroidsAsteroids
originate via a different process, but very old comets which have lost all theiroriginate via a different process, but very old comets which have lost all their volatilevolatile materialsmaterials
may come to resemble asteroids.may come to resemble asteroids.
9. Physical characteristicsPhysical characteristics
Long-period comets are believed to originate in a distant cloud known as theLong-period comets are believed to originate in a distant cloud known as the Oort cloudOort cloud (after the(after the
astronomerastronomer Jan Hendrik OortJan Hendrik Oort who hypothesised its existence). They are sometimes perturbedwho hypothesised its existence). They are sometimes perturbed
from their distant orbits by gravitational interactions, falling into extremelyfrom their distant orbits by gravitational interactions, falling into extremely elliptical orbitselliptical orbits that canthat can
bring them very close to thebring them very close to the SunSun. One theory holds that as a comet approaches the. One theory holds that as a comet approaches the
inner solar systeminner solar system,, solar radiationsolar radiation causes part of its outer layers, composed of ice and othercauses part of its outer layers, composed of ice and other
materials, to melt and evaporate, but this has not been proven, due to its distance.materials, to melt and evaporate, but this has not been proven, due to its distance.
The streams ofThe streams of dustdust and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere aroundand gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around
the comet called thethe comet called the comacoma, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's radiation pressureradiation pressure
andand solar windsolar wind cause an enormouscause an enormous tailtail to form, which points away from the sun. The streams ofto form, which points away from the sun. The streams of
dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, pointed in slightly different directions. The tail ofdust and gas each form their own distinct tail, pointed in slightly different directions. The tail of
dust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail. At thedust is left behind in the comet's orbit in such a manner that it often forms a curved tail. At the
same time, the ion tail, made of gases, always points directly away from the Sun, as this gas issame time, the ion tail, made of gases, always points directly away from the Sun, as this gas is
more strongly affected by the solar wind than is dust, following magnetic field lines rather than anmore strongly affected by the solar wind than is dust, following magnetic field lines rather than an
orbital trajectory. While the solid body of comets (called theorbital trajectory. While the solid body of comets (called the nucleusnucleus) is generally less than 50 km) is generally less than 50 km
across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and ion tails have been observed to extend 1across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and ion tails have been observed to extend 1
astronomical unitastronomical unit (150 million km) or more."(150 million km) or more."
Excursion: Comet basics IIExcursion: Comet basics II
10. Orbital characteristicsOrbital characteristics
Comets are sometimes classified according to the length of their orbital periods.Comets are sometimes classified according to the length of their orbital periods. Short-periodShort-period
cometscomets, also called, also called periodic cometsperiodic comets, have orbital periods of generally 30 years or less (though, have orbital periods of generally 30 years or less (though
some take the very arbitrary figures of 50, 100, or even 200 years), whilesome take the very arbitrary figures of 50, 100, or even 200 years), while long-period cometslong-period comets
have longer orbital timespans but remain gravitationally bound to the Sun by definition (thosehave longer orbital timespans but remain gravitationally bound to the Sun by definition (those
comets that are ejected from the solar system due to close passes by major planets are nocomets that are ejected from the solar system due to close passes by major planets are no
longer properly considered as having "periods"), and main-belt comets orbit within the asteroidlonger properly considered as having "periods"), and main-belt comets orbit within the asteroid
belt.belt. Single-apparition cometsSingle-apparition comets have parabolic or hyperbolic orbits which will cause them tohave parabolic or hyperbolic orbits which will cause them to
permanently exit the solar system after passing the Sun once.permanently exit the solar system after passing the Sun once.
Early observations have revealed a few genuinely hyperbolic orbits, but no more than could beEarly observations have revealed a few genuinely hyperbolic orbits, but no more than could be
accounted for by perturbations from Jupiter. If comets pervaded interstellar space, they would beaccounted for by perturbations from Jupiter. If comets pervaded interstellar space, they would be
moving with velocities of the same order as the relative velocities of stars near the Sun (a fewmoving with velocities of the same order as the relative velocities of stars near the Sun (a few
tens of kilometres per second). If such objects entered the solar system, they would have positivetens of kilometres per second). If such objects entered the solar system, they would have positive
total energies, and would be observed to have genuinely hyperbolic orbits. A rough calculationtotal energies, and would be observed to have genuinely hyperbolic orbits. A rough calculation
shows that there might be 4 hyperbolic comets per century, within Jupiter's orbit, give or take oneshows that there might be 4 hyperbolic comets per century, within Jupiter's orbit, give or take one
and perhaps two orders of magnitude.and perhaps two orders of magnitude.
Excursion: Comet basics IIIExcursion: Comet basics III
11. Comets @work IComets @work I
source: http://www.cometography.com/current_comets.html
13. NASA: Monkey businessNASA: Monkey business
2007 Pick of the week2007 Pick of the week
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/hotshots/2003_01_17/
NASA: Claims without the time and date of the picture[s]
are close to worthless, because the data processing cannot
be verified by others
@NASA: false statement!
comet has been photographed by LASCO C2 camera:
2007/06/07, 15:54 -> comet appears the first time
2007/06/08, 04:54 -> comet disappears behind occulter disk
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/pickoftheweek/old/15jun2007/
?
?
14. Excursion: Comet analysis IExcursion: Comet analysis I
Step 1: use the original GIF files for visual inspection
Step 2: always scale the images to
identify the objects for visual inspection:
IrfanView 4.0, 8192 x 8192 / 150 dpi
watch the head of the object !
15. Excursion: Comet analysis IIExcursion: Comet analysis II
Step 3: do not apply PSP solarization filter to scaled images!
How to get this result (use filter before
scaling the image):
1. open GIF with PaintShop Pro XI
2. apply solarization filter
3. IrfanView 4.0, resize 8192 x 8192 / 150 dpi
4. cut-out the comet
LASCO C3
2007/06/23, 11:42
LASCO C2
2007/06/23, 16:06
LASCO C2
2007/06/23, 01:54
LASCO C2
2007/06/24, 07:31
LASCO C3
2007/06/24, 10:23
16. Excursion: Comet analysis IIIExcursion: Comet analysis III
Step 4: apply different filters for comparison
IrfanView 4.0
filter: metallic ice
Filters Unlimited 2.0
filter: gradients
PaintShop Pro XI
filter: high-pass
PaintShop Pro XI
inversionPaintShop Pro XI
I/R filter
Corel X3, Photo Paint
filter: Reliefskulptur
17. NASA: Monkey businessNASA: Monkey business
GalleryGallery
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/gallery/images/2cometsstill.html
http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/hotshots/2003_01_17/
NASA: Claims without the time and date of the picture[s]
are close to worthless, because the data processing cannot
be verified by others
@NASA: false statement!
-date and time is missing
-no chance to identify the images in the science archive
-first impression implies object rather than comet
(watch the shape of the object!)
?
18. Excursion: Comet analysis IVExcursion: Comet analysis IV
watch the shape of the object !
date and time is missing.
Image only available in
TIF or JPG format!
?
LASCO C3
2007/01/06/, 23:42
?
19. Excursion: Comet analysis VExcursion: Comet analysis V
How to get this result:
1. image missing in GIF format
2. PaintShop Pro XI solarization filter destroys
the image when JPG or TIF file format
3. open TIF file with IrfanView 4.0
2. apply solarization filter (color table might
be taken from Cosmopolitan )
3. IrfanView 4.0, resize 8192 x 8192 / 150 dpi
4. cut-out the comet
20. Nobodys final theoryNobodys final theory
the consequence, if the activitiesthe consequence, if the activities
photographed by NASA around the sunphotographed by NASA around the sun
are hostile in nature?are hostile in nature?
star nations simply may need to pushstar nations simply may need to push
the right button an we are all stardustthe right button an we are all stardust
sooner or later we would have beensooner or later we would have been
grilled already or became toast (grilled already or became toast (息dw)βdw)
decide for yourself after checkingdecide for yourself after checking
thousands of C2/C3 NASA imagesthousands of C2/C3 NASA images