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Solar shading in future buildings - BRE Event

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Snigdha Jain

BRE and the BBSA joined together to organise a fascinating workshop being held at BRE in June 2018. The programme had expert speakers and was designed to examine the issues designers and consultants face relating to overheating buildings, light and glare control and occupant health and wellbeing.

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Solar shading in future buildings Presentation by Snigdha Jain WSP, June 2018
The concerns Climate change will increase peak temperatures Were building more flats Tighter building regulations Older populations are more susceptible to heat A bad nights sleep affects health and productivity Very hot temperatures can kill Overheating
The causes Source of Heat External Temperature 2003 heatwave: 64% of total deaths occurred in southern regions. This area of the UK might see a temperature rise of between 2.3属C and 2.7属C by 2050. Heatwaves are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity. Average monthly temperatures (属C) in London over the century, under a medium emissions scenario, compared to baseline period Urban Heat Island Profile
The causes Source of Heat Solar Gain Solar gain almost as important as external temperature. Shading, the time of day, season and type of glazing have an impact on this. Internal Heat Gain Internal heat comes from electrical appliances, such as laptops, televisions, showers, chargers etc. In flats, energy lost from communal heating systems also contributes to internal temperature, exacerbated in some cases by poorly insulated pipework.
Overheating The next steps Robust regulatory method Cooling hierarchy Retrofitting solutions Urban Heat Island All Electric City
Policy & Guidance Published Documents March 2016: GLA Overheating Checklist May 2017: CIBSE TM59- Standardised and robust assessment methodology May 2018: London Environment Strategy Upcoming Winter 2019/2020: New London Plan
Its too Noisy! National Noise Incidence Survey (2000) 54% of the UK Population exposed to daytime noise above WHO guidelines for community annoyance (55 dB LAeq,16hr) 67% of the UK Population exposed to night-time noise above the guidelines that allow people to sleep with windows open (45 dB LAeq,8hr)
8 City Analytics Example #1 Heat Risk Mapping This map shows the results of an UrbClim simulation Mean temperature at midnight during the summer of 2011. On average, the night-time temperature is approximately 4属C higher in the city centre. During some hot nights, even larger effects are observed. Source: London Datastore, https://data.london.gov.uk/data set/london-s-urban-heat- island---average-summer Urban Heat Island Londons Urban Heat Island: Average Summer
WSP: Holistic Mapping Mapping of environmental variables (Urban Heat Island, Air Quality and Noise Exposure) Assigning each variable a sensitivity/score Layering the citys future spatial growth Consideration of future trends Urban Risk Appraisal
Mitigation Constructed Shade Permanent shade: suitable for use in parking lots and between buildings Demountable shade: best suited to cover playgrounds, basketball courts, patios, and to provide sidewalk cover on public streets Shade sails: best suited for providing shade in areas such as large courtyards, play grounds, street festivals and park spaces
Mitigation Trees and Vegetation Not all tree species have the same cooling effect; the lower the foliage temperature the greater the cooling, and canopy size, structure and density also influence the extent of shading. Trees with larger canopies tend to cast more shade and deliver greater rainwater management and biodiversity benefits than smaller ornamental species.
Key Points It is about a balance! Buildings: Daylight, Energy and Overheating What are the future trends? Multi-disciplinary and holistic approach Mitigation: One solution should not exacerbate the problems of another.
Contact Snigdha Jain Sustainable Places, Energy and Waste Email: snigdha.jain@wsp.com Tel: +44(0) 20 3116 6163 Mob: +44(0) 79 8068 4597 Thank you. Questions?

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Solar shading in future buildings - BRE Event

  • 1. Solar shading in future buildings Presentation by Snigdha Jain WSP, June 2018
  • 2. The concerns Climate change will increase peak temperatures Were building more flats Tighter building regulations Older populations are more susceptible to heat A bad nights sleep affects health and productivity Very hot temperatures can kill Overheating
  • 3. The causes Source of Heat External Temperature 2003 heatwave: 64% of total deaths occurred in southern regions. This area of the UK might see a temperature rise of between 2.3属C and 2.7属C by 2050. Heatwaves are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity. Average monthly temperatures (属C) in London over the century, under a medium emissions scenario, compared to baseline period Urban Heat Island Profile
  • 4. The causes Source of Heat Solar Gain Solar gain almost as important as external temperature. Shading, the time of day, season and type of glazing have an impact on this. Internal Heat Gain Internal heat comes from electrical appliances, such as laptops, televisions, showers, chargers etc. In flats, energy lost from communal heating systems also contributes to internal temperature, exacerbated in some cases by poorly insulated pipework.
  • 5. Overheating The next steps Robust regulatory method Cooling hierarchy Retrofitting solutions Urban Heat Island All Electric City
  • 6. Policy & Guidance Published Documents March 2016: GLA Overheating Checklist May 2017: CIBSE TM59- Standardised and robust assessment methodology May 2018: London Environment Strategy Upcoming Winter 2019/2020: New London Plan
  • 7. Its too Noisy! National Noise Incidence Survey (2000) 54% of the UK Population exposed to daytime noise above WHO guidelines for community annoyance (55 dB LAeq,16hr) 67% of the UK Population exposed to night-time noise above the guidelines that allow people to sleep with windows open (45 dB LAeq,8hr)
  • 8. 8 City Analytics Example #1 Heat Risk Mapping This map shows the results of an UrbClim simulation Mean temperature at midnight during the summer of 2011. On average, the night-time temperature is approximately 4属C higher in the city centre. During some hot nights, even larger effects are observed. Source: London Datastore, https://data.london.gov.uk/data set/london-s-urban-heat- island---average-summer Urban Heat Island Londons Urban Heat Island: Average Summer
  • 9. WSP: Holistic Mapping Mapping of environmental variables (Urban Heat Island, Air Quality and Noise Exposure) Assigning each variable a sensitivity/score Layering the citys future spatial growth Consideration of future trends Urban Risk Appraisal
  • 10. Mitigation Constructed Shade Permanent shade: suitable for use in parking lots and between buildings Demountable shade: best suited to cover playgrounds, basketball courts, patios, and to provide sidewalk cover on public streets Shade sails: best suited for providing shade in areas such as large courtyards, play grounds, street festivals and park spaces
  • 11. Mitigation Trees and Vegetation Not all tree species have the same cooling effect; the lower the foliage temperature the greater the cooling, and canopy size, structure and density also influence the extent of shading. Trees with larger canopies tend to cast more shade and deliver greater rainwater management and biodiversity benefits than smaller ornamental species.
  • 12. Key Points It is about a balance! Buildings: Daylight, Energy and Overheating What are the future trends? Multi-disciplinary and holistic approach Mitigation: One solution should not exacerbate the problems of another.
  • 13. Contact Snigdha Jain Sustainable Places, Energy and Waste Email: snigdha.jain@wsp.com Tel: +44(0) 20 3116 6163 Mob: +44(0) 79 8068 4597 Thank you. Questions?