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Somali Piracy for Naval Order Meeting

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The document discusses piracy off the coast of Somalia. It describes the area of operations as covering 27 regional nations and over 16.8 million square kilometers, including important shipping lanes and energy reserves. It outlines the clan-based Somali society and explains how pirates organize along clan lines. The document also summarizes the international naval response to piracy, including Operation Atalanta led by the EU and CTF-151 supported by the US. It notes challenges include stabilizing Somalia and developing long-term rule of law.

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UNCLASSIFIED Somalia Piracy 1 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED The Battlefield Issues 2 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Area of Operations 1000 NM 1000 NM 27 regional nations (14 with coastline) 1000 NM 3 chokepoints 16.8 million km2 80% of global energy reserves Religious center for 1.5 billion Muslims 23.000 ships passing the Gulf of Aden 3 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Weather Matters¡­ U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Somali Society¡­ The Core Issue 5 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Clan¡­ Sub-Clan¡­ Dia Paying Groups ? Clans ¨C General groupings of individuals from a lineage aspect ? Local manner of governance ¨C Tribal leaders ¨C Pay blood (dia) debts ¨C Forms the core of Somali society as dia-paying groups Formed around economic activities U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Red Forces¡­ aka The Pirates 7 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED 8 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Expansion of Pirate Operations U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
The Pirate Level Perspective ? Organized along blood-paying ? Pirates coordinate their attacks. group lines¡­ Family ties matter. Cell phones ? Sea State Limited (no more than ? Pirates leaders ashore or in larger about 4-6 ft waves) mother ships are using spoofing/fake distress calls etc. ? When met with over-whelming force all pirates in small skiffs are willing to surrender. Only dhow mother ships have resisted apprehension ? Pirates use different kinds of mother vessels to disguise their movements and for element of surprise. AIS-information is most likely utilized from the larger mother ships. U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Pirate Incident Vignette #1 ? M/V Sirius Star (January 2009) ¨C Taken down 450 nautical miles SE of Mombasa Kenya ¨C 2 million barrels of crude oil greater than a quarter of Saudi Arabia's daily oil production output¡­ Worth $100 million ¨C Ransomed for $3 million¡­ U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Eyl IKONOS Satellite Image 12 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Blue Forces¡­ The Naval Response 13 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Ongoing International Community Response ? Operation ATALANTA ? EU Task Force ¨C EU Mandate under Cooperative Defense ¨C RADM Duncan Potts, Royal Navy ? CTF 151 ? Supported Commander under U.S. C5F ¨C RADM Tanin Likitawong, Royal Thai Navy ? Russian Task Force ¨C Commander Captain Ildar Ahmerov ¨C 2 Ships a tanker and a tug ? Chinese Naval Escort Task Force 171 (recently detached) ¨C 1 Destroyer and 1 Frigate U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Combined Maritime Forces CFMCC DCFMCC Supported Commanders CTF ¨C 152 CTF ¨C 150 CTF ¨C 151 Central & Southern Arabian Gulf Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Counter Piracy Oman and Arabian Sea Supporting Commanders CTF- 50 CTF- 51 CTF- 53 CTF- 54 CTF- 55 CTF- 56 CTF- 561 CTF- 57 CSG ESG Logistics Submarines Patrol Boats Ordnance Special Maritime Patrol Disposal Operations 15 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Naval Forces Snapshot TIPPU SULTAN ARIAKE TOWADA SRI INDERA SAKTI NEUSTRASHIMY MYSORE JEAN DE VIENNE GORKOVA GOKOVA ABHA PARRAMATTA YELNYA ABSALON KARLSRUHE PSARA. MVP ASSOCIATED SUPPORT TO CTF 151 PORTLAND WAVE KN. HALSEY DIRECT SUPPORT TO CTF 151 PRE M LHER NATIONAL TASKING NIVOSE EU NORTHUMBL. 16 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Shipping Corridor¡­ and Convoying 17 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED White Forces¡­ The Merchant Marine 18 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Defeating Pirates¡­ From the Merchant Ship Perspective ? To date, there have been no reported attacks where pirates have boarded a ship that has been proceeding at over 18 knots. ? Well constructed dummies placed at strategic locations around the vessel can give an impression of greater numbers of people on watch. ? While most bridge windows are laminated, further protection against flying glass can be provided by the application of security glass film, often called Blast Resistant Film. ? Pirates have been known to gain access through portholes and windows. The fitting of steel bars to windows will prevent this even if they manage to shatter the window. ? The use of water spray and/or foam monitors has been found to be effective in deterring or delaying pirates attempting to board a vessel. U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED 20 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Piracy Incident Vignette #2 ? S/Y Le Ponant (French flagged yacht) ¨C 30 hostages ¨C $2 million ransom paid ? French military intervention ¨C Find¡­ Fixed¡­ Finished¡­ ¨C Combined Naval, Commando, and National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (GIGN) mission ¨C 6 pirates captured¡­ Half of the ransom recovered ¨C Flown to Paris via Djibouti ¨C Trial in May 2013¡­ It was an intervention, not a pulverization¡­ General Jean-Louis Georgelin French Army COS U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
Long Term Issues ? Stabilization and Rule of Law in Somalia ¨C AMISOM ¨C Other actors ¨C Other big questions (e.g. Somaliland) ? International Community Involvement ¨C Fortitude to deal with the real problem ¨C Money and risk ? Economics Matter ¨C International shipping ¨C Local economic activity in Somalia U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Questions¡­ 23 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
UNCLASSIFIED Backup 24 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria 24

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Somali Piracy for Naval Order Meeting

  • 1. UNCLASSIFIED Somalia Piracy 1 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 2. UNCLASSIFIED The Battlefield Issues 2 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 3. UNCLASSIFIED Area of Operations 1000 NM 1000 NM 27 regional nations (14 with coastline) 1000 NM 3 chokepoints 16.8 million km2 80% of global energy reserves Religious center for 1.5 billion Muslims 23.000 ships passing the Gulf of Aden 3 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 4. Weather Matters¡­ U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 5. UNCLASSIFIED Somali Society¡­ The Core Issue 5 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 6. Clan¡­ Sub-Clan¡­ Dia Paying Groups ? Clans ¨C General groupings of individuals from a lineage aspect ? Local manner of governance ¨C Tribal leaders ¨C Pay blood (dia) debts ¨C Forms the core of Somali society as dia-paying groups Formed around economic activities U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 7. UNCLASSIFIED Red Forces¡­ aka The Pirates 7 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 8. UNCLASSIFIED 8 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 9. Expansion of Pirate Operations U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 10. The Pirate Level Perspective ? Organized along blood-paying ? Pirates coordinate their attacks. group lines¡­ Family ties matter. Cell phones ? Sea State Limited (no more than ? Pirates leaders ashore or in larger about 4-6 ft waves) mother ships are using spoofing/fake distress calls etc. ? When met with over-whelming force all pirates in small skiffs are willing to surrender. Only dhow mother ships have resisted apprehension ? Pirates use different kinds of mother vessels to disguise their movements and for element of surprise. AIS-information is most likely utilized from the larger mother ships. U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 11. Pirate Incident Vignette #1 ? M/V Sirius Star (January 2009) ¨C Taken down 450 nautical miles SE of Mombasa Kenya ¨C 2 million barrels of crude oil greater than a quarter of Saudi Arabia's daily oil production output¡­ Worth $100 million ¨C Ransomed for $3 million¡­ U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 12. UNCLASSIFIED Eyl IKONOS Satellite Image 12 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 13. UNCLASSIFIED Blue Forces¡­ The Naval Response 13 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 14. Ongoing International Community Response ? Operation ATALANTA ? EU Task Force ¨C EU Mandate under Cooperative Defense ¨C RADM Duncan Potts, Royal Navy ? CTF 151 ? Supported Commander under U.S. C5F ¨C RADM Tanin Likitawong, Royal Thai Navy ? Russian Task Force ¨C Commander Captain Ildar Ahmerov ¨C 2 Ships a tanker and a tug ? Chinese Naval Escort Task Force 171 (recently detached) ¨C 1 Destroyer and 1 Frigate U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 15. UNCLASSIFIED Combined Maritime Forces CFMCC DCFMCC Supported Commanders CTF ¨C 152 CTF ¨C 150 CTF ¨C 151 Central & Southern Arabian Gulf Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Counter Piracy Oman and Arabian Sea Supporting Commanders CTF- 50 CTF- 51 CTF- 53 CTF- 54 CTF- 55 CTF- 56 CTF- 561 CTF- 57 CSG ESG Logistics Submarines Patrol Boats Ordnance Special Maritime Patrol Disposal Operations 15 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 16. UNCLASSIFIED Naval Forces Snapshot TIPPU SULTAN ARIAKE TOWADA SRI INDERA SAKTI NEUSTRASHIMY MYSORE JEAN DE VIENNE GORKOVA GOKOVA ABHA PARRAMATTA YELNYA ABSALON KARLSRUHE PSARA. MVP ASSOCIATED SUPPORT TO CTF 151 PORTLAND WAVE KN. HALSEY DIRECT SUPPORT TO CTF 151 PRE M LHER NATIONAL TASKING NIVOSE EU NORTHUMBL. 16 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 17. Shipping Corridor¡­ and Convoying 17 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 18. UNCLASSIFIED White Forces¡­ The Merchant Marine 18 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 19. Defeating Pirates¡­ From the Merchant Ship Perspective ? To date, there have been no reported attacks where pirates have boarded a ship that has been proceeding at over 18 knots. ? Well constructed dummies placed at strategic locations around the vessel can give an impression of greater numbers of people on watch. ? While most bridge windows are laminated, further protection against flying glass can be provided by the application of security glass film, often called Blast Resistant Film. ? Pirates have been known to gain access through portholes and windows. The fitting of steel bars to windows will prevent this even if they manage to shatter the window. ? The use of water spray and/or foam monitors has been found to be effective in deterring or delaying pirates attempting to board a vessel. U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 20. UNCLASSIFIED 20 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 21. Piracy Incident Vignette #2 ? S/Y Le Ponant (French flagged yacht) ¨C 30 hostages ¨C $2 million ransom paid ? French military intervention ¨C Find¡­ Fixed¡­ Finished¡­ ¨C Combined Naval, Commando, and National Gendarmerie Intervention Group (GIGN) mission ¨C 6 pirates captured¡­ Half of the ransom recovered ¨C Flown to Paris via Djibouti ¨C Trial in May 2013¡­ It was an intervention, not a pulverization¡­ General Jean-Louis Georgelin French Army COS U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 22. Long Term Issues ? Stabilization and Rule of Law in Somalia ¨C AMISOM ¨C Other actors ¨C Other big questions (e.g. Somaliland) ? International Community Involvement ¨C Fortitude to deal with the real problem ¨C Money and risk ? Economics Matter ¨C International shipping ¨C Local economic activity in Somalia U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 23. UNCLASSIFIED Questions¡­ 23 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria
  • 24. UNCLASSIFIED Backup 24 U.S. Naval War College Viribus Mari Victoria 24