Sophocles was an ancient Greek tragedian who wrote over 120 plays, though only seven have survived in their entirety. His most famous works are the Theban plays, which include Oedipus Rex and Antigone. Sophocles had a significant influence on later playwrights through his development of tragedy and the concept of catharsis. He competed in dramatic festivals in Athens and helped establish the genres of tragedy, comedy, history, and satire in plays.