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Spanish grammar book

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Kara Mulvey
Kara Mulvey

This document provides a summary of key topics in Spanish grammar, including the verbs ser and estar, verbs like gustar, the preterite tense, trigger words for the preterite, car-gar-zar verbs, cucharacha verbs, snake verbs, commands, irregular verbs, DOPs and IOPs, and the impersonal se construction.

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SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKS Margarita Mulvey 2 ND period 12/2/10 Bienvenida
TABLE OF CONTENTS Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expression Preterite Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Verbs Cucharach Verbs Snake Snakeys Commands Irregular DOP’s IOP’s Se Impersonal
SER ?Ques dia es hoy? Dates ?Cuando/donde es? Events ?De quien es? Possession ?Quien es? Relationships ?Que hace? Occupation ?Que hora es? Time ?Como es? Characteristics ?De donde es? Origin ?Que Es? Description
ESTAR Haciendo? G Estas… N ?Que… I ?Como Esta? Present Condition ?Donde Estas? Location ?Como Estas? Emotions ?Como Estas? Health - yendo Er/Ir- endo Ar-ando
HACER EXPRESSION Present Tense  Since and For Preterite Tense  Ago Hace + Time + Que + Verb hace cinco dias que tuve un problema con mi arbol de Navidad.
VERBS LIKE GUSTAR Me duele la cabeza  To bother Molestar Molesta Molestan Les To Fascinate Fascinar Fascina Fascinan Nos To hurt Doler(ue) Duele Duelen Le To be Lacking Faltar Falta Faltan Te To Like Gustar Gusta Gustan Me
PRETERITE A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending. Escribieron Comiero Hablaron Ustedes Escribimos Comimos Hablamos Nosortros Escribio Comio Hablo Usted Escribiste Comiste Hablaste Tu Escribi Comi Hable Yo ESCRIBIR COMER HABLAR FORM
PRETERITE CONTINUED… The Preterite Song ieron aron imos amos io o iste aste i e
TRIGGER WORDS Hace dos dias: 2 days ago En ese momento: in that moment/ then Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries Desde el primer momento: from the first moment Estonces: then Esta noche: tonight Esta tarde: this afternoon Una vez: one time/ once El otro dia: the other day Ayer por la manana: yesterday morning El fin de semana pasado: last weekend El lunes pasado: last weekend El dia anterior: the day before El miercoles: On Wednesday A las ocho: At 8 o’clock Anteayer: day before yesterday Ayer: yesterday
CAR-GAR-ZAR To Touch To Play To Begin Comenzaron Jugar Tocaron Comenzamos Jugamos Tocamos Comenzo Jugo Toco Comenzaste Jugaste Tocaste Comence Jugue Toque Comen zar Ju gar To car
SPOCK VERBS H a c e r V E R D A R S E R I R SHARE THE SAME ENDING STAY IN THE SAME CONJUGATION BY ITSELF
EXAMPLE OF SPOCK VERBS Vieron Dieron Hicieron Fueron Vimos Dimor Hicimos Fuimos Vio Dio Hizo Fue Viste Diste Hiciste Fuiste Vi Di Hice Fui VER TO SEE DAR TO GIVE HACER TO DO/MAKE IR/SER TO GO
CUCARACHA VERBS Andar- aduv Estar- estuv Poder-pud Poner- pus Querer- quis Saber- sup Tener- tuv Venir- vin Conducir-conduj Producir-produj Traducir- traduj Decir-dij Traer- traj ieron o isteies iste imos e
SNAKES Durmieron Durmio Ustedes, ellas, y ellos Usted ella y el Dormisteis Dormiste Vosotros Tu Dormimos Dormi Nosotros Yo
SNAKEYS Stem changing verbs in preterite. Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change from I to y in 3 rd person. Lei Leiste Leyo Leimos Leisteis Leyeron
COMMANDS DOP+IOP can attatch to an affirmative command. DOP + IOP must go before the nagative command Put it in you form and change to the opposite vowel. Put it in yo form and change to the opposite vowel. Usted/ Ustedes Put it in you form and change to opposite vowel add an s Simply drop the ‘ s’ Tu Negatives Affirmatives Form
IRREGULAR Tengo – tenga Venir- venga Dar- de Ir - vaya Ser- sea Hacer- haga Estar- este Saber- sepa TVDISHES
DOPs Answer the question: what is receiving the direct action of the verb. DOP ’s are: lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se You have to have a DOP in order to have an IOP , but in a sentence the DOP goes after the IOP. DOP ’s can hook onto verb ONLY in three cases: Infinitive - I se voy a la tienda Affirmative commands -!Abrazarlo! Gerunds/ present progressive -!Beberla!
IOPs Answers to questions: To who or for whom. To have an IOP you must first have a DOP. I stole it from him . verb ^ ^ DOP ^ IOP Me lo robaron de él
SE IMPERSONAL Use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of verb. Se vende fruta en la fruteria. When using se, the verb is always in the 3 rd person. Aqui se habla espanol. Se can be used in all tenses. Se hizo mucho Se hara mucho Se habia hecho

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Spanish grammar book

  • 1. SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKS Margarita Mulvey 2 ND period 12/2/10 Bienvenida
  • 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expression Preterite Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Verbs Cucharach Verbs Snake Snakeys Commands Irregular DOP’s IOP’s Se Impersonal
  • 3. SER ?Ques dia es hoy? Dates ?Cuando/donde es? Events ?De quien es? Possession ?Quien es? Relationships ?Que hace? Occupation ?Que hora es? Time ?Como es? Characteristics ?De donde es? Origin ?Que Es? Description
  • 4. ESTAR Haciendo? G Estas… N ?Que… I ?Como Esta? Present Condition ?Donde Estas? Location ?Como Estas? Emotions ?Como Estas? Health - yendo Er/Ir- endo Ar-ando
  • 5. HACER EXPRESSION Present Tense  Since and For Preterite Tense  Ago Hace + Time + Que + Verb hace cinco dias que tuve un problema con mi arbol de Navidad.
  • 6. VERBS LIKE GUSTAR Me duele la cabeza  To bother Molestar Molesta Molestan Les To Fascinate Fascinar Fascina Fascinan Nos To hurt Doler(ue) Duele Duelen Le To be Lacking Faltar Falta Faltan Te To Like Gustar Gusta Gustan Me
  • 7. PRETERITE A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending. Escribieron Comiero Hablaron Ustedes Escribimos Comimos Hablamos Nosortros Escribio Comio Hablo Usted Escribiste Comiste Hablaste Tu Escribi Comi Hable Yo ESCRIBIR COMER HABLAR FORM
  • 8. PRETERITE CONTINUED… The Preterite Song ieron aron imos amos io o iste aste i e
  • 9. TRIGGER WORDS Hace dos dias: 2 days ago En ese momento: in that moment/ then Durante dos siglos: during 2 centuries Desde el primer momento: from the first moment Estonces: then Esta noche: tonight Esta tarde: this afternoon Una vez: one time/ once El otro dia: the other day Ayer por la manana: yesterday morning El fin de semana pasado: last weekend El lunes pasado: last weekend El dia anterior: the day before El miercoles: On Wednesday A las ocho: At 8 o’clock Anteayer: day before yesterday Ayer: yesterday
  • 10. CAR-GAR-ZAR To Touch To Play To Begin Comenzaron Jugar Tocaron Comenzamos Jugamos Tocamos Comenzo Jugo Toco Comenzaste Jugaste Tocaste Comence Jugue Toque Comen zar Ju gar To car
  • 11. SPOCK VERBS H a c e r V E R D A R S E R I R SHARE THE SAME ENDING STAY IN THE SAME CONJUGATION BY ITSELF
  • 12. EXAMPLE OF SPOCK VERBS Vieron Dieron Hicieron Fueron Vimos Dimor Hicimos Fuimos Vio Dio Hizo Fue Viste Diste Hiciste Fuiste Vi Di Hice Fui VER TO SEE DAR TO GIVE HACER TO DO/MAKE IR/SER TO GO
  • 13. CUCARACHA VERBS Andar- aduv Estar- estuv Poder-pud Poner- pus Querer- quis Saber- sup Tener- tuv Venir- vin Conducir-conduj Producir-produj Traducir- traduj Decir-dij Traer- traj ieron o isteies iste imos e
  • 14. SNAKES Durmieron Durmio Ustedes, ellas, y ellos Usted ella y el Dormisteis Dormiste Vosotros Tu Dormimos Dormi Nosotros Yo
  • 15. SNAKEYS Stem changing verbs in preterite. Verbs such as leer, creer, and oir change from I to y in 3 rd person. Lei Leiste Leyo Leimos Leisteis Leyeron
  • 16. COMMANDS DOP+IOP can attatch to an affirmative command. DOP + IOP must go before the nagative command Put it in you form and change to the opposite vowel. Put it in yo form and change to the opposite vowel. Usted/ Ustedes Put it in you form and change to opposite vowel add an s Simply drop the ‘ s’ Tu Negatives Affirmatives Form
  • 17. IRREGULAR Tengo – tenga Venir- venga Dar- de Ir - vaya Ser- sea Hacer- haga Estar- este Saber- sepa TVDISHES
  • 18. DOPs Answer the question: what is receiving the direct action of the verb. DOP ’s are: lo, la, los, las, me, te, nos, se You have to have a DOP in order to have an IOP , but in a sentence the DOP goes after the IOP. DOP ’s can hook onto verb ONLY in three cases: Infinitive - I se voy a la tienda Affirmative commands -!Abrazarlo! Gerunds/ present progressive -!Beberla!
  • 19. IOPs Answers to questions: To who or for whom. To have an IOP you must first have a DOP. I stole it from him . verb ^ ^ DOP ^ IOP Me lo robaron de él
  • 20. SE IMPERSONAL Use ‘se’ to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of verb. Se vende fruta en la fruteria. When using se, the verb is always in the 3 rd person. Aqui se habla espanol. Se can be used in all tenses. Se hizo mucho Se hara mucho Se habia hecho