ισορροπία ελεύθερης αγοράς

Mar 19, 2012Download as pptx, pdf

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Irini Vlassi

Οι ςυναρτιςεισ ηιτθςθσ και προςφοράσ είναι :

•Qd = 200 – 2P

•Qs = 50 + 2P

Η ςυνάρτθςθ ηιτθςθσ
εκφράηει τθ ςχζςθ
Η ςυνάρτθςθ ανάμεςα ςτθν τιμι
προςφοράσ εκφράηει και τθν ηθτοφμενθ
τθ ςχζςθ ανάμεςα ποςότθτα Ceteris
ςτθν τιμι και τθν paribus
προςφερόμενθ
ποςότθτα Ceteris
paribus

Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

Διαγραμματικι απεικόνιςθ τθσ ηιτθςθσ Qd = 200 – 2P

Σθμεία P Qd
Βιματα
1.Παρατθροφμε ότι θ ςυνάρτθςθ είναι A 0 200
P
γραμμικι με τφπο Qd= α + βP Α B 100 0
100

2.Βρίςκουμε δφο ςθμεία από τα οποία 80
κα διζρχεται θ ευκεία
60

Έςτω P= 0 τότε Qd = 200 40

Έςτω Qd τότε P = 100 20
Β
0
50 100 150 200 Q

Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

Διαγραμματικι απεικόνιςθ τθσ καμπφλθσ προςφοράσ
Qs = 50 + 2P

Βιματα

1. Παρατθροφμε ότι θ καμπφλθ είναι
P
γραμμικι s
100
2. Βρίςκουμε 2 ςθμεία
80

Έςτω Ρ=0 Qs= 50 60

Έςτω Qs= 0 P= -25 40

20

0 50 100 150 200 Q
Σθμεία P Qs
-20

Α΄ 0 50 -40

Β΄ -25 0
Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

Στθν αγορά ςυμμετζχουν και οι δφο

Καταναλωτισ Παραγωγόσ
P Qd= 200 – 2P Qs= 50 + 2P
100

P
80 S
100
60
80

40 60

40
20
20
D
0 0
50 100 150 200 Q 50 100 150 200 Q
-20

-40

Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

Η αγορά ιςορροπεί εκεί που θ καμπφλθ ηιτθςθσ
τζμνει τθν καμπφλθ προςφοράσ
Βάηω τθν τιμι
ςτθ ςυνάρτθςθ
προςφοράσ
P
Qs =50+2*37.5
100
=125
80 ΢το ςθμείο
60 τομισ θ
37.5 Qd=Qs
40

20

0
Βάηω τθν τιμι 50 100 150 200 Qd
-20
ςτθ ςυνάρτθςθ 125
-40
ηιτθςθσ
Qd= 200-2*37.5 Άρα
=125 50 + 2Ρ = 200 – 2Ρ
=> 150 = 4Ρ
=> Ρ = 37.5
Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

Η μακροοικονομική επιστήμη μελετά πως η οικονομία λειτουργεί ως σύνολο. Οι βασικές αρχές και έννοιες της μακροοικονομικής δεν μεταβάλλονται με την πάροδο του χρόνου. Η εφαρμογή τους πρέπει να γίνεται με την ελαστικότητα και τη δημιουργικότητα που απαιτούν οι συνθήκες του περιβάλλοντος.

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ισορροπία ελεύθερης αγοράς

1. Οι ςυναρτιςεισ ηιτθςθσ και προςφοράσ είναι : •Qd = 200 – 2P •Qs = 50 + 2P Η ςυνάρτθςθ ηιτθςθσ εκφράηει τθ ςχζςθ Η ςυνάρτθςθ ανάμεςα ςτθν τιμι προςφοράσ εκφράηει και τθν ηθτοφμενθ τθ ςχζςθ ανάμεςα ποςότθτα Ceteris ςτθν τιμι και τθν paribus προςφερόμενθ ποςότθτα Ceteris paribus Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

2. Διαγραμματικι απεικόνιςθ τθσ ηιτθςθσ Qd = 200 – 2P Σθμεία P Qd Βιματα 1.Παρατθροφμε ότι θ ςυνάρτθςθ είναι A 0 200 P γραμμικι με τφπο Qd= α + βP Α B 100 0 100 2.Βρίςκουμε δφο ςθμεία από τα οποία 80 κα διζρχεται θ ευκεία 60 Έςτω P= 0 τότε Qd = 200 40 Έςτω Qd τότε P = 100 20 Β 0 50 100 150 200 Q Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

3. Διαγραμματικι απεικόνιςθ τθσ καμπφλθσ προςφοράσ Qs = 50 + 2P Βιματα 1. Παρατθροφμε ότι θ καμπφλθ είναι P γραμμικι s 100 2. Βρίςκουμε 2 ςθμεία 80 Έςτω Ρ=0 Qs= 50 60 Έςτω Qs= 0 P= -25 40 20 0 50 100 150 200 Q Σθμεία P Qs -20 Α΄ 0 50 -40 Β΄ -25 0 Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

4. Στθν αγορά ςυμμετζχουν και οι δφο Καταναλωτισ Παραγωγόσ P Qd= 200 – 2P Qs= 50 + 2P 100 P 80 S 100 60 80 40 60 40 20 20 D 0 0 50 100 150 200 Q 50 100 150 200 Q -20 -40 Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

5. Η αγορά ιςορροπεί εκεί που θ καμπφλθ ηιτθςθσ τζμνει τθν καμπφλθ προςφοράσ Βάηω τθν τιμι ςτθ ςυνάρτθςθ προςφοράσ P Qs =50+2*37.5 100 =125 80 ΢το ςθμείο 60 τομισ θ 37.5 Qd=Qs 40 20 0 Βάηω τθν τιμι 50 100 150 200 Qd -20 ςτθ ςυνάρτθςθ 125 -40 ηιτθςθσ Qd= 200-2*37.5 Άρα =125 50 + 2Ρ = 200 – 2Ρ => 150 = 4Ρ => Ρ = 37.5 Αρχζσ οικονομικισ κεωρίασ

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ισορροπία ελεύθερης αγοράς

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