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2.1.2 迭代法



   迭代式阈值选取的基本思路是:首先根据图像中物体的灰度分布情况,选取一个

近似阈值作为初始阈值,一个较好的方法就是将图像的灰度均值作为初始阈值;然
                                     [5]
后通过分割图像和修改阈值的迭代过程获得认可的最佳阈值 。迭代式阈值选取过

程可描述如下。

   (1)选取一个初始阈值T。

   (2)利用阈值T把给定图像分割成两组图像,记为R1,R2。

   (3)计算R1和R2均值 u1和 u2 。

    (4)选取新的阈值T,且

   T=(u1+u2)/2 ??(2-4 )

   (5)重复第(2)~(4)步,直至R1和R2均值u1和u2,不再变化为止。

具体实现时,首先根据初始开关函数将输入图逐个图像分为前景和背景,在第一遍

对图像扫描结束后,平均两个积分器的值以确定一个阈值。用这个阈值控制开关再

次将输入图分为前景和背景,并用做新的开关函数。如此反复迭带直到开关函数不

在发生变化,此时得到的前景和背景即为最终分割结果。迭代所得的阈值分割的图

像效果良好。基于迭代的阈值能区分出图像的前景和背景的主要区域所在,但在图

像的细微处还没有很好的区分度。对某些特定图像,微小数据的变化却会引起分割

效果的巨大改变,两者的数据只是稍有变化,但分割效果却反差极大。对于直方图

双峰明显,谷底较深的图像,迭代方法可以较快地获得满意结果,但是对于直方图

双峰不明显,或图像目标和背景比例差异悬殊,迭代法所选取的阈值不如其它方法。

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图像分割

  • 1. 2.1.2 迭代法 迭代式阈值选取的基本思路是:首先根据图像中物体的灰度分布情况,选取一个 近似阈值作为初始阈值,一个较好的方法就是将图像的灰度均值作为初始阈值;然 [5] 后通过分割图像和修改阈值的迭代过程获得认可的最佳阈值 。迭代式阈值选取过 程可描述如下。 (1)选取一个初始阈值T。 (2)利用阈值T把给定图像分割成两组图像,记为R1,R2。 (3)计算R1和R2均值 u1和 u2 。 (4)选取新的阈值T,且 T=(u1+u2)/2 ??(2-4 ) (5)重复第(2)~(4)步,直至R1和R2均值u1和u2,不再变化为止。 具体实现时,首先根据初始开关函数将输入图逐个图像分为前景和背景,在第一遍 对图像扫描结束后,平均两个积分器的值以确定一个阈值。用这个阈值控制开关再 次将输入图分为前景和背景,并用做新的开关函数。如此反复迭带直到开关函数不 在发生变化,此时得到的前景和背景即为最终分割结果。迭代所得的阈值分割的图 像效果良好。基于迭代的阈值能区分出图像的前景和背景的主要区域所在,但在图 像的细微处还没有很好的区分度。对某些特定图像,微小数据的变化却会引起分割 效果的巨大改变,两者的数据只是稍有变化,但分割效果却反差极大。对于直方图 双峰明显,谷底较深的图像,迭代方法可以较快地获得满意结果,但是对于直方图 双峰不明显,或图像目标和背景比例差异悬殊,迭代法所选取的阈值不如其它方法。