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This document discusses coastal erosion and the various natural processes that cause erosion along coastlines. It identifies different types of erosion including weathering, where rock breaks down but remains in place, and erosion, where broken down rock is transported. The key agents that drive coastal erosion are winds, waves, currents, tides, sea level change, and erosion itself. These forces can gradually shape coastlines over long periods and temporarily redistribute sediment. The document outlines different types of coastal landforms that form, like barrier islands and dunes, as well as human-built coastal structures used to combat erosion. INTRODUCTION TO REMOTE SENSING
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Climate Change and Water: Mitigation and Adaptation through better Water Mana...International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
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Remote sensing and GIS techniques can contribute significantly to groundwater modeling efforts. Remote sensing provides spatial data on land cover, vegetation, rainfall, and terrain that are important model inputs. GIS allows integration of diverse data layers, conceptualization of recharge/discharge areas, and output visualization. However, remote sensing has limitations, such as an inability to directly measure groundwater levels or recharge. Overall, combining remote sensing, GIS, and field data can improve conceptual models and produce more accurate modeling results for groundwater management.MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)
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The document discusses natural hazards and disasters. It notes that the Earth experiences approximately 2,000 earth tremors and 2 earthquakes strong enough to cause damage daily. There are also around 1,800 active thunderstorms globally at any given time and 4-5 tornadoes per day. The document provides definitions of key terms like hazards, disasters, risk, and vulnerability. It explains that disasters occur at the intersection of hazards, vulnerability, and insufficient risk reduction measures. Disaster risk management aims to reduce risks through prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation efforts.Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass and MODFLOW
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The document discusses methods for estimating groundwater recharge using the WetSpass and MODFLOW models. WetSpass is a physically based model that uses inputs like land use, soil type, and climate data to calculate spatial patterns of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge. The recharge output from WetSpass is then used as input for the MODFLOW groundwater flow model. Together, WetSpass and MODFLOW allow for the simulation of spatially variable recharge and groundwater flow.MORPHOGENETIC REGIONS.pptx
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This document discusses morphogenetic regions, which are areas classified based on dominant geomorphic processes influenced by climate. It provides context on the concept of regions and defines morphogenetic and functional regions. It then discusses geomorphology and climatic geomorphology, noting how climate affects landform development. Several theories on classifying morphogenetic regions are summarized, including those proposed by Peltier based on temperature and precipitation ranges, and K?ppen based on vegetation zones. Dominant geomorphic processes are described for different proposed morphoclimatic zones.
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Introduction to oceanography
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Brief introduction to the topic on Oceanography. Anyone who have interested to study the basic of oceanography may be refer to this slide.
for me information kindly refer to the text book
"Essentials of Oceanography" Alan P. Trujillo Harold V. Thurman
(Eleventh Edition)Fronts
FrontsSimranSehrawat3
?
Fronts are boundaries between two air masses of differing characteristics. There are four main types of fronts: cold fronts, warm fronts, occluded fronts, and stationary fronts. Cold fronts are steep boundaries where cold air overrides warm air, bringing precipitation. Warm fronts are more gradual, with light, continuous precipitation as warm air rises over cold air. Occluded fronts occur when a cold front catches up to a warm front. Stationary fronts have little or no movement as the air masses are parallel.Milankovitch theory
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The Milankovitch cycle theory explains changes in the Earth's orbit that cause variations in seasons over long periods of time. The theory was proposed by Serbian astronomer Milutin Milankovitch and attributes climate shifts to three factors: eccentricity affecting the distance between Earth and Sun, obliquity changing the tilt of Earth's axis, and precession altering the orientation of Earth's rotational axis over thousands of years. Together, these orbital variations influence the amount of solar radiation received to potentially trigger ice ages and temperature fluctuations.Arid Aeolian Landform
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?
The document discusses various landforms found in arid and semi-arid landscapes formed by wind erosion. It describes different types of deserts including ergs which are seas of sand, regs which are desert pavements, and hamadas where bedrock predominates. It also outlines various erosional landforms caused by wind such as deflation hollows, ventifacts which are sand-blasted rock surfaces, yardangs, and different types of migrating dunes including longitudinal, transverse, barchan, and parabolic dunes. It provides examples of many of these landforms.GIS in emergency management
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This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in emergency management. It defines emergency management as applying science, technology, planning and management to deal with extreme events that can harm people and property. The key roles of GIS in emergency management are discussed, including mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery phases. A case study is presented on using GIS-based network modeling to allocate emergency resources like hospitals, shelters and supplies to affected areas during disasters. The methodology, prototype model and results for Chennai, India are described, showing how GIS can optimize resource allocation and routing to impacted locations.Enso cycle La Nina & El Nino
Enso cycle La Nina & El Ninoamadabbott
?
El Ni?o and La Ni?a are opposite phases of the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which involves irregular changes in ocean temperatures and weather patterns in the equatorial Pacific. El Ni?o brings unusually warm water to Peru and Ecuador, weakening trade winds and affecting global weather. It occurs every 2-7 years and can cause flooding in some areas and drought in others. The thermocline and convective loops influence the cycle. Scientists monitor buoys and use models to predict when El Ni?o and La Ni?a events will occur.ITCZ - Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
ITCZ - Inter Tropical Convergence ZoneIshan Chanuka
?
The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a low pressure belt that circles the Earth near the equator, where the trade winds of the northern and southern hemispheres meet. It is characterized by convective thunderstorm activity and varies in position seasonally, tracking the sun's zenith point and being more prominent over land than water. The ITCZ generates the wettest weather around the equator through the year and can propagate several hundred miles north or south depending on the hemisphere and season.Sentinel Satellites
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?
The purpose of choosing this topic is to aware you about sentinel satellites that leads to new discoveries and ultimately changes the arena of Remote Sensing.Coastal environment
Coastal environmentArm Punyathorn
?
This document provides an overview of coastal environments and processes. It defines coastal zones and features such as the littoral zone, beach, foreshore, and backshore. It describes factors that influence coastal areas like lithology, geological structures, processes, sea level changes and human impacts. Coastal processes discussed include waves, tides, storm surges, wave refraction, and marine erosion. The summary discusses key coastal landforms and how they are formed by coastal processes.3. Atmospheric circulation
3. Atmospheric circulationMr Blackwell
?
The global atmospheric circulation system transports heat around the Earth's atmosphere and affects climate and weather patterns. It involves warm air rising at the equator and cold air sinking at the poles, creating circulation cells. Without this system, temperatures would become more extreme between the tropics and poles.Tides
TidesMuhammad Sajjad
?
This document defines tides and discusses theories about their generation and types. It introduces the equilibrium and dynamic theories of tides, which explain tides through the gravitational forces of the moon and sun. It describes different types of tides, including spring tides during a full or new moon, neap tides during quarter phases, and rare proxigean spring tides when the moon is closest to Earth. The document also briefly discusses harnessing tidal energy and provides references used.Coastal processes and landforms
Coastal processes and landformsKarthikeyan C
?
Coastal Erosional processes , erosional landforms , transportation activity , deposistion process and landforms Application of remote sensing and gis for groundwater
Application of remote sensing and gis for groundwaterRamodh Jayawardena
?
Remote sensing and GIS techniques can contribute significantly to groundwater modeling efforts. Remote sensing provides spatial data on land cover, vegetation, rainfall, and terrain that are important model inputs. GIS allows integration of diverse data layers, conceptualization of recharge/discharge areas, and output visualization. However, remote sensing has limitations, such as an inability to directly measure groundwater levels or recharge. Overall, combining remote sensing, GIS, and field data can improve conceptual models and produce more accurate modeling results for groundwater management.MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)
MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer)Nepal Flying Labs
?
This slide provides a detail overview of MODIS sensors and it also mentions about the MODIS receiving station at Nepal.Impact of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) on Indian Rainfall
Impact of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) on Indian RainfallSowmiya Raja
?
Most of us know only about El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) which determine the rainfall in tropics and subtropics. Here is another oscillation which moves across the globe and determines the rainfall pattern of Australia, Maritime continent and India. It plays an important role in NEM of Tamil Nadu.Height measurement of aerial photograph
Height measurement of aerial photographvidyasagar university
?
This document discusses three methods for measuring height from aerial photographs: relief displacement, shadow length, and stereoscopic parallax. Relief displacement measures height by how far an object is shifted from its true position in an aerial photo due to its elevation. Shadow length measures height by using the length of an object's shadow and the sun angle. Stereoscopic parallax measures height by comparing the difference in an object's position between two overlapping aerial photos taken from different positions. Formulas are provided for calculating height from measurements obtained using each of these three methods.Microwave remote sensing
Microwave remote sensingRohit Kumar
?
Microwave remote sensing uses both passive and active sensors operating within the wavelength range of 1mm to 1m. Passive sensors such as microwave radiometers record naturally emitted energy, while active sensors like synthetic aperture radar (SAR) generate their own electromagnetic signals. SAR is an example of side-looking radar that uses signal processing to synthesize a very long antenna and improve azimuth resolution. Radar imagery exhibits characteristics like penetration of vegetation and clouds, day/night imaging, and sensitivity to surface properties. However, it also shows distortions from terrain relief and speckle noise from signal interference.Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management
Introduction to natural hazard and disaster management Jahangir Alam
?
The document discusses natural hazards and disasters. It notes that the Earth experiences approximately 2,000 earth tremors and 2 earthquakes strong enough to cause damage daily. There are also around 1,800 active thunderstorms globally at any given time and 4-5 tornadoes per day. The document provides definitions of key terms like hazards, disasters, risk, and vulnerability. It explains that disasters occur at the intersection of hazards, vulnerability, and insufficient risk reduction measures. Disaster risk management aims to reduce risks through prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery and rehabilitation efforts.Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass and MODFLOW
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge Using WetSpass and MODFLOWPutika Ashfar Khoiri
?
The document discusses methods for estimating groundwater recharge using the WetSpass and MODFLOW models. WetSpass is a physically based model that uses inputs like land use, soil type, and climate data to calculate spatial patterns of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge. The recharge output from WetSpass is then used as input for the MODFLOW groundwater flow model. Together, WetSpass and MODFLOW allow for the simulation of spatially variable recharge and groundwater flow.MORPHOGENETIC REGIONS.pptx
MORPHOGENETIC REGIONS.pptxIpsitaMishra55
?
This document discusses morphogenetic regions, which are areas classified based on dominant geomorphic processes influenced by climate. It provides context on the concept of regions and defines morphogenetic and functional regions. It then discusses geomorphology and climatic geomorphology, noting how climate affects landform development. Several theories on classifying morphogenetic regions are summarized, including those proposed by Peltier based on temperature and precipitation ranges, and K?ppen based on vegetation zones. Dominant geomorphic processes are described for different proposed morphoclimatic zones.Viewers also liked (7)
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「空間資訊與智慧生活」是逢甲大學推出的第一門磨課師課程，由逢甲大學地理資訊中心周天穎教授主講。課程於 2014 年 10 月 20 日開始，為期 12 週，每週學習負擔預估為 1.5~2.5 小時，課程完全免費，歡迎大家一起加入。
這是第三週課程所使用的投影片，課程介紹請參考：http://bit.ly/1urcfW4
也歡迎大家到課程粉絲專頁體驗我們的課外活動：http://on.fb.me/1xXOEMF
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高中叠1台湾地图座标
- 1. 高中地理资讯教学范例 台灣地圖坐標系統 設計者：台大地理系
- 3. 地形圖坐標系統發展 政府遷台後，國防部為因應國際聯繫之需要，將 原有之陸測系統改算為國際橢球體橫梅式投影坐 標系（Universal Transverse Projection Grid System,簡稱 UTM 坐標系統），與地籍測量坐標 系互不關連。 民國五十八年因應大比例地圖繪製需求，將6度分 帶之投影改為3度分帶之投影（TM3）。
- 6. 臺湾地形图坐标 每張圖上包括經 緯度和直角坐標 經緯線以度分秒 的方式呈現，在 四個角落可以看 到 另有直角坐標網 格（Easting, Northing)
- 8. 坐標系統界定 Geographic Coordinate Systems 地球的大小、形狀 ?Referenced Ellipsoid ?參考橢球體/橢球元子 參數：地球的長短軸半徑、扁平率、基準點 Datum Projected Coordinate Systems 投影方法 標準線、縮尺係數
- 9. 投影設定 投影方法 TM (Transverse Mercator) 橫麥卡托投影 投影範圍 ＵＴＭ：全球60個帶，每帶6度 ＴＭ3：3度經度範圍 ＴＭ2：2度經度範圍 中央經驗位置 中央經線縮尺係數
- 14. 投影带和中央经线概念 25萬公尺 負 正 正 120 ° 121 ° 122 ° 0 0
- 16. 相切/相割 ─中央經線的縮尺係數
- 18. ArcGIS經緯度與TM2(一) 經緯度 TM2
- 25. TWD67 參數 參考橢球體：採用1967年IUGG（International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ）公布之參 考橢球體(Geodetic Reference System 1967， 簡稱GRS67) 其橢球參數為： 長半徑： a = 6378160公尺 扁 率： f = 1/298.25 測量原點： 虎子山一等三角點 經度λ＝120°58' 25.975“ 緯度φ＝ 23°58' 32.340“
- 27. TWD97參數 採用國際地球參考框架（International Terrestrial Reference Frame ，簡稱ITRF）。 ITRF為利用全球測站網之觀測資料成果推算所得 之地心坐標系統，其方位採國際時間局（Bureau International de I＇Heure 簡稱BIH）定義在 1994.0時刻之方位。 參考橢球體：採用1980年IUGG公布之參考橢球體 (GRS80) 其橢球參數為： 長半徑： a = 6378137公尺 扁 率： f = 1/298.257222101
- 28. 三個系統比較之參考 坐標系統 中央經線 東距 扁平率 UTM 123E 500,000m 1/297 TM3 121E 350,000m 1/298.25 TM2 121E 250,000m 1/298.25