奈米的歷史

Jun 12, 20130 likes707 views

德旺賴

奈米科技被视为第四次产业革命，其起源可追溯至理查德·费曼在1959年的演讲。1960年代，日本科学家发现金属超微粒的特殊物理性质，推动了奈米材料学的发展。2000年，美国宣布国家奈米技术计划，标志着奈米技术在民生与产业应用的正式启动。

? 人類歷史上，已經歷了三次產業革命
? 十八世紀時發明了蒸汽機，開啟了四百年來的
產業革命，此即第一次產業革命
? 第二次產業革命帶動了電氣化
? 在第三次產業革命，電子計算機改變了人們的
生活世界
? 而奈米科技，則帶人類進入第四次的產業革命。

? 奈米科技的發展可溯源
於諾貝爾物理獎得主理
查．費曼（Richard
Feynman）先生在1959
年美國物理年會的一場
演講，提出未來有一
天，人類可能隨心所欲
地利用小尺寸（奈米）
材料並呈現出嶄新的應
用由此揭開了奈米科技
的遠景。

? 60年代，日本物理學家久保良步發現金屬超微粒
具有能量不連續的特殊物理性質。
? 1990年，在美國舉辦了第一屆國際奈米科學技
術會議和第五屆國際掃描穿透顯微學術會議，會
議中正式提出奈米材料學、奈米生物學、奈米電
子學以及奈米機械學的概念。
? 美國在 2000年1月20日由克林頓總統在加州理工
學院宣布了「國家奈米技術計畫（National
Nanotechnology Initiative，NNI）」，於是引發
了一場全新的「產業革命」，開展奈米技術於民
生與產業領域的應用發展

本文件介绍了奈米材料的类型和制备方法，奈米材料主要分为奈米粉末、奈米纤维、奈米膜和奈米块体，每种材料都有特定的应用领域。制备方法可分为物理和化学方法，包括蒸发-冷凝法、机械合金化法等，以适应不同材料的特性和应用需要。奈米技术的发展具备重大的工业应用潜力，推动相关科学研究的商业化进程。

奈米德旺賴

碳奈米管和奈米高分子复合材料展现出卓越的物理和化学特性，将其应用於电子、交通和生物医疗等多个领域。碳奈米管可以提高热导性、弹性及电性能，并在新型燃料电池和显示器中发挥作用，而奈米高分子复合材料对刚性、耐腐蚀性有显着提升，有助於封装和包装技术的发展。奈米生化医疗科技的创新则為诊断和治疗提供了革命性的新方法，包括癌症治疗和体内侦测。

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