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  • 39. ?§¯§Ñ§á§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ó§à? §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §£.§Á. §¬§å§Ù§î§Þ§Ö§ß§Ü§à §ã§ä§å§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ü§å§â§ã§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ (§­§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §Ñ§Þ§æ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ñ§ä§â, 2008 §Ô.)
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  • 41. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§å, §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §å§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Þ§Ú§â §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç, §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§à§Û, §à§Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §à§ã§Ó§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§á§í§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í ?§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ?, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §Ó §Õ§å§ê§Ö §á§å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü §Ú §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í §Ü §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ô§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú, §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ò§â§å §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§Ö, §ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§Ö§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ò§â§à§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í §Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§à§Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§Ó§í, §á§í§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§í §Ú §å§á§â§ñ§Þ§í §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §è§Ö§Ý§Ú, §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð ¨C §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í §Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ú §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ
  • 43. §£§ã§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§à§Õ §¡§ß§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§î§Ö§Ó§Ú§é §²§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö§Ó§Ú§é (1926-1999) §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü (1971), §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â (1977) §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §²§¢
  • 44. §³ 1990 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ §²§¢ §á§à §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, §ã 1 §Þ§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ 1994 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ ¨C §®§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §²§¢. §³§à §Õ§ß§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (2002) §Õ§à 2010 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Ü§Ñ§æ§Ö§Õ§â§à§Û §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í, §Õ§à§è§Ö§ß§ä, §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ü ¨C §å§é§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §¦§Ó§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ú, §é§Ý§Ö§ß-§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§ã§á§à§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§ä §¢§Ö§Ý§à§â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Ú §±§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó¨C §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 190 §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä, §¬§â§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Û §¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú §²§¢, 12 §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú 2 §å§é§Ö§Ò§ß§í§ç §á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§Û, §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§ß§Ú§Ü §æ§Ñ§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ö§ä§Ñ, §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ü §¡.§ª. §²§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö§Ó§Ú§é§Ñ, §¡.§±. §¬§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à, §®.§¡. §£§à§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à
  • 46. §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â, §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü, §á§â§à§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §á§à §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à- §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §µ§° ?§£§¤§µ §Ú§Þ. §±.§®. §®§Ñ§ê§Ö§â§à§Ó§Ñ?
  • 47. §¥§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §é§Ý§Ö§ß §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §¦§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ô.§­§à§ß§Õ§à§ß) (EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF NATURAL HISTORY, LONDON). §¹§Ý§Ö§ß-§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§ã§á§à§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§ä §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §¦§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ô.§®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ñ). §¹§Ý§Ö§ß-§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§ã§á§à§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§ä §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §á§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ô§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ô.§®§à§ã§Ü§Ó§Ñ) (INTERNATIONAL TEACHER'S TRAINING ACADEMY OF SCIENCE). §¯§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ð §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §£.§£. §£§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §à§ä§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §±§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ú§å§Þ§Ñ §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §¦§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §±§â§Ú§ã§Ó§à§Ö§ß§à §±§à§é§Ö§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö ?§©§Ñ§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ? §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §±§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ú§å§Þ§Ñ §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §¡§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §¦§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • 49. §±§â§à§Õ§ð§ã§Ö§â, §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ã§ã§×§â, §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§ß§ä, §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú §¢§Ö§Ý§Ñ§â§å§ã§î §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §æ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó " §³§­§¡§£§Á§¯§³§¬§ª§« §¢§¡§©§¡§² §£ §£§ª§´§¦§¢§³§¬§¦", §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í ?§£§ª§´§¦§¢§³§¬?, §£§Ú§è§Ö-§á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä FIDOF.
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