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отсутствие артикля в немецком языке перед существительными
Beispiel: Sie hat Brüder.
(Sie hat einen Bruder. )
2. Если перед существительными стоят
числительные или местоимения,
заменяющие артикль:

Beispiel

zwei Brüder

Buch

mein
3. Перед существительными в составе
сложного именного сказуемого , обозначающими:
род занятия, профессию в сочетании с
глаголами sein и werden, а также после als:
национальность, вероисповедание

Beispiel Er ist Österreicher. Er ist Moslem.
НО: если перед сущ., обозначающим
национальность и вероисповедание, стоит
определение, то употребляется артикль.
Beispiel: Er ist

ein

richtiger Moslem.
пору года, день недели и время дня

Beispiel Es ist Herbst. Morgen ist Freitag

(Но: Im Herbst werden

die Tage

kürzer.

Am Freitag gehen wir ins Theater.)
4.Перед существительными,
обозначающими названия учебных
предметов:

Beispiel

lernen Deutsch
5. В обращениях, командах,
цитируемых словах, просьбах:

Beispiel: Sie sehen schön aus, Frau
Schulz.(обращение)
Kopf Hoch! (команда)
Hilfe! (просьба)
6. Перед существительными в заголовках
и объявлениях, пословицах, а также
некоторых устойчивых выражениях:
Beispiel:
7.Перед абстрактными
существительными, которые
обозначают:
а) свойство,
b) состояние,
c) процесс:

Beispiel

Glück
8. Перед вещественными
существительными:
неопределенный объем вещества

Beispiel

Brot

Tee
Schnee
b) если перед ними стоят
существительные, обозначающие
единицы измерения:

Beispiel: Ich nehme 2 Stück
Kuchen.
9. Перед именами
собственными, названиями стран и
городов среднего рода, если перед
ними нет определения –
прилагательного:

Beispiel Marina
Berlin
10. Если перед существительным стоит имя
собственное в родительном падеже:

Beispiel

Annas Bruder

!!! Вместо родительного падежа в единственном
числе употребляется сочетание von + сущ. Без
артикля
НО: Die kleine Emma
11. Перед существительными обозначающими
названия городов, стран и континентов
среднего рода:

Beispiel Berlin
НО Das geteilte Berlin
12. Перед существительными обозначающими
названия веществ, материалов и жидкостей:

Beispiel
Metall Beton

Glas
13. Существительные, стоящие после
обозначения меры, веса и количества:

Beispiel

eine Flasche Sekt
10 Grad Kälte
отсутствие артикля в немецком языке перед существительными

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отсутствие артикля в немецком языке перед существительными