12. MI
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
If x = M, we get MIU
If x = I, we get MII
13. MI
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
If x = M, we get MIU
If x = I, we get MII
If x = II, we get MIIII
14. MI
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
If x = M, we get MIU
If x = I, we get MII
If x = II, we get MIIII
MIU MII MIII MIUU MIIU …
15. MI
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
If x = M, we get MIU
If x = I, we get MII
If x = II, we get MIIII
MI MIU MII MII MIUU MIIU MIUIU MIUU MIIU MIUIU MIUI MIIU MIII
MIIII MIIU MIUIU MIUI MIIU MIII MIIII MIUUU MIIUU MIUIUU MIUUIUU
MIUIU MIUI MIIU MIII MIIII MIUUU MIIUU MIUIUU MIUUIUU MIUIU
MIIUU MIIIU MIIIIU MIIUIIU MIUI MIIU MIII MIIII MIUUU MIIUU MIUIUU
MIUUIUU MIUIU MIIUU MIIIU MIIIIU MIIUIIU MIUUIU MIUIUU MIIUIU
MIUIUIU MIUIIUIU MIUIUIUIU MIIU MIII MIIII MIUUU MIIUU MIUIUU
MIUUIUU MIUIU MIIUU MIIIU MIIIIU MIIUIIU ……
16. Q1. MI
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
MIIU
Q2. MI
MU
Q3. MI
U
17. Q1. MI
MIIU
A. Yes.
MI → ② → MII → ① → MIIU
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
Q2. MI
MU
Q3. MI
U
18. Q1. MI
MIIU
A. Yes.
MI → ② → MII → ① → MIIU
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
Q2. MI
MU
A. Yes.
MI → ② → MII → ② → MIII
→ ③ → MU
Q3. MI
U
19. Q1. MI
MIIU
A. Yes.
MI → ② → MII → ① → MIIU
①xI → xIU
②Mx→ Mxx
③III → U
Q2. MI
MU
A. Yes.
MI → ② → MII → ② → MIII
→ ③ → MU
Q3. MI
U
A. No.
26. フレーム問題と素性
if ON(ワゴン、バッテリー) then PULLOUT(ワゴン, ルーム)
if ON(ワゴン、バッテリー) & ? ON(バッテリー、爆弾)
& ? ON(バッテリー、核兵器) & ?ON(ワゴン, 天井) & …. then PULLOUT(ワゴン、
ルーム)
if ENTER(ロボット、ルーム) then LOCATION(ロボット、ルーム)
if SING(ロボット) then …
if ENTER(ロボット、トイレ) then …
?
?
述語や命題 ? 素性
フレーム問題は、IF-THENルールにおける素性生成の問題
難しい問題2:
何を、述語や命題として書けばいいの?
それを使って、どのようなルールを書いておけばいいの?
なぜ人間は関係のある知識だけを使えるの?
28. Zebra = horse + stripes?
?
(1) Suppose the name "horse" is grounded by iconic and categorical representations,
learned from experience, that reliably discriminate and identify horses on the basis of
their sensory projections.
?
(2) Suppose "stripes" is similarly grounded.
?
Now consider that the following category can be constituted out of these elementary
categories by a symbolic description of category membership alone:
?
(3) "Zebra" = "horse" & "stripes”
?
What is the representation of a zebra? It is just the
symbol string "horse & stripes." But because "horse"
and "stripes" are grounded in their respective iconic
and categorical representations, "zebra" inherits the
grounding, through its grounded symbolic
representation. In principle, someone who had never
seen a zebra (but had seen and learned to identify
horses and stripes) could identify a zebra on first
acquaintance armed with this symbolic
representation alone (plus the nonsymbolic -- iconic
and categorical -- representations of horses and
stripes that ground it).