Este documento presenta dos innovaciones desarrolladas por el Ministerio de Educaci¨®n de Chile para monitorear el aprendizaje de los estudiantes: los Mapas de Progreso y los Niveles de Logro SIMCE. Los Mapas de Progreso describen el progreso t¨ªpico de aprendizaje en diferentes ¨¢reas a lo largo de la escolaridad. Los Niveles de Logro SIMCE miden el desempe?o de los estudiantes en tres categor¨ªas e informan a las escuelas. Ambas innovaciones buscan entregar informaci¨®n sobre el aprendizaje
A Bauhaus foi fundada em 1919 na Alemanha por Walter Gropius como uma escola de arquitetura, artes e artesanato. A escola acreditava em integrar arte, produ??o artesanal e tecnologia, valorizando a m¨¢quina e a produ??o industrial. Apesar de passar por mudan?as sob diferentes diretores, a Bauhaus foi uma das mais importantes express?es do Modernismo e a primeira escola de design do mundo.
Este documento anuncia un taller gratuito de juegos que tendr¨¢ lugar el martes 25 de junio de 18:00 a 20:00 en el Carmen Ikastetxea en Bilbao. Los interesados deben enviar un correo electr¨®nico a trukeme@bakeola.org para inscribirse en el taller llamado JoLaS LaBoRaTeGiA que promueve una vida llena de juegos.
O documento discute incorpora??o, fus?o, cis?o, grupos de sociedades, sociedade controlada e controladora. Ele define cada um destes termos e descreve seus aspectos principais, como as regras para aprova??o, os efeitos jur¨ªdicos e a estrutura de administra??o. O documento baseia-se principalmente na Lei das Sociedades An?nimas e em autores como Corr¨ºa Lima e Requi?o.
O documento fornece um resumo da hist¨®ria do fotojornalismo, descrevendo sua evolu??o desde os prim¨®rdios at¨¦ os dias atuais, quando as imagens podem ser facilmente manipuladas com edi??o digital. Tamb¨¦m define o que ¨¦ fotojornalismo, discute t¨¦cnicas comuns e alguns dos fotojornalistas mais influentes.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
1) The author proves that the consistency of the bounded arithmetic theory S12 can be proved in the weaker theory PV-, which is Cook and Urquhart's equational theory PV minus induction. This is a strengthening of previous results that placed the lower bound at weaker but related theories.
2) The proof works by defining a system C for feasibly computing terms in PV- and proving it is sound with respect to PV-. Since C cannot prove false statements, this implies the consistency of PV-.
3) Establishing this lower bound of PV- is significant for attempts to separate the theories S2 and S12 by relative consistency statements.
This document summarizes a runtime verification framework that monitors network applications using CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) notation. It currently implements a monitor for system calls in dtruss output to check if open and close calls are matched. The goals are natural concurrency notations, integration with web servers, databases and syslog. Future work includes completing the file descriptor model, improving error reporting, and interfacing with Fluentd for log parsing.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
This document discusses consistency proofs of feasible arithmetics inside bounded arithmetics. It presents the main results that S12, the first level of Buss's hierarchy of bounded arithmetics, proves the consistency of PV?, an equational theory formulated by Cook and Urquhart. This is shown using a big-step semantics and soundness proofs for PV?. The document defines the semantics and inference rules for computations in PV?, and proves lemmas bounding the size of computations to establish the consistency of PV? in S12.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
In this paper, we prove that S21 can prove consistency of PV?, the system obtained from Cook and Urquhart¡¯s PV [3] by removing induction. This apparently contradicts Buss and Ignjatovi ?c [2], since they prove that PV ?? Con(PV?). However, what they actually prove is unprovability of consistency of the system which is obtained from PV? by addition of propositional logic and BASICe-axioms. On the other hand, our PV? is strictly equational and our proof relies on it.
This document discusses Buss's theories of bounded arithmetic (S2i) and how they relate to the polynomial hierarchy (PH). It proposes using the separation of Buss's theories to approach the separation of levels of PH. It presents a consistency proof for S2i inside S2i+2 by introducing a predicate E for term existence and defining a bounded truth definition. The goal is to separate S2i and S2i+2 through G?del's incompleteness theorem by showing S2i+2 can prove the i-consistency of S2i-E but S2i cannot prove its own consistency. Future work aims to simplify S2i-E and formally prove S2i can derive the i
This document discusses bounded arithmetic in free logic. It defines the theory S2iE, which is bounded arithmetic without truth values for terms. It proves that:
1) S2iE can "bootstrap" and prove basic properties, equality axioms, and predicate logic.
2) S2iE proves ¦²i-induction.
3) S2i-1E can be shown to be i-consistent within S2i+2E by defining a bounded truth definition and using a valuation tree and induction hypothesis.
This separation of S2i and S2i+1 theories using S2i-1E is a potential research direction.
The document presents a formal semantics for Extended Hierarchical State Transition Matrix (EHSTM) by translating it to Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). It describes translating EHSTM hierarchies and matrices to CSP processes and parallel/sequential composition. Experiments show the translation is over 1000 times faster than an existing SMT-based approach and results match for validation examples. The work provides a rigorous model for EHSTM and enables efficient model checking of properties.
This document summarizes Camomile, a Unicode library for OCaml. It provides a Unicode character type, supports UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 encodings, and allows conversion between 200+ encodings. It also supports case mapping, collation, and Unicode normal forms to handle equivalent string representations. The library uses functors and lazy evaluation. Modules provide Unicode normalization and canonical comparison of strings based on semantic equivalence.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
1) The author proves that the consistency of the bounded arithmetic theory S12 can be proved in the weaker theory PV-, which is Cook and Urquhart's equational theory PV minus induction. This is a strengthening of previous results that placed the lower bound at weaker but related theories.
2) The proof works by defining a system C for feasibly computing terms in PV- and proving it is sound with respect to PV-. Since C cannot prove false statements, this implies the consistency of PV-.
3) Establishing this lower bound of PV- is significant for attempts to separate the theories S2 and S12 by relative consistency statements.
This document summarizes a runtime verification framework that monitors network applications using CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes) notation. It currently implements a monitor for system calls in dtruss output to check if open and close calls are matched. The goals are natural concurrency notations, integration with web servers, databases and syslog. Future work includes completing the file descriptor model, improving error reporting, and interfacing with Fluentd for log parsing.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
This document discusses consistency proofs of feasible arithmetics inside bounded arithmetics. It presents the main results that S12, the first level of Buss's hierarchy of bounded arithmetics, proves the consistency of PV?, an equational theory formulated by Cook and Urquhart. This is shown using a big-step semantics and soundness proofs for PV?. The document defines the semantics and inference rules for computations in PV?, and proves lemmas bounding the size of computations to establish the consistency of PV? in S12.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmeticYamagata Yoriyuki
?
In this paper, we prove that S21 can prove consistency of PV?, the system obtained from Cook and Urquhart¡¯s PV [3] by removing induction. This apparently contradicts Buss and Ignjatovi ?c [2], since they prove that PV ?? Con(PV?). However, what they actually prove is unprovability of consistency of the system which is obtained from PV? by addition of propositional logic and BASICe-axioms. On the other hand, our PV? is strictly equational and our proof relies on it.
This document discusses Buss's theories of bounded arithmetic (S2i) and how they relate to the polynomial hierarchy (PH). It proposes using the separation of Buss's theories to approach the separation of levels of PH. It presents a consistency proof for S2i inside S2i+2 by introducing a predicate E for term existence and defining a bounded truth definition. The goal is to separate S2i and S2i+2 through G?del's incompleteness theorem by showing S2i+2 can prove the i-consistency of S2i-E but S2i cannot prove its own consistency. Future work aims to simplify S2i-E and formally prove S2i can derive the i
This document discusses bounded arithmetic in free logic. It defines the theory S2iE, which is bounded arithmetic without truth values for terms. It proves that:
1) S2iE can "bootstrap" and prove basic properties, equality axioms, and predicate logic.
2) S2iE proves ¦²i-induction.
3) S2i-1E can be shown to be i-consistent within S2i+2E by defining a bounded truth definition and using a valuation tree and induction hypothesis.
This separation of S2i and S2i+1 theories using S2i-1E is a potential research direction.
The document presents a formal semantics for Extended Hierarchical State Transition Matrix (EHSTM) by translating it to Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). It describes translating EHSTM hierarchies and matrices to CSP processes and parallel/sequential composition. Experiments show the translation is over 1000 times faster than an existing SMT-based approach and results match for validation examples. The work provides a rigorous model for EHSTM and enables efficient model checking of properties.
This document summarizes Camomile, a Unicode library for OCaml. It provides a Unicode character type, supports UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 encodings, and allows conversion between 200+ encodings. It also supports case mapping, collation, and Unicode normal forms to handle equivalent string representations. The library uses functors and lazy evaluation. Modules provide Unicode normalization and canonical comparison of strings based on semantic equivalence.