эсийн бүтэц
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This document discusses the structure and components of cells. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences: The main components of cells include the nucleus, which contains DNA and controls the cell's hereditary material, organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria that have specialized functions, and a cell membrane that encloses and protects the cell. Cells also contain proteins, lipids and carbohydrates that carry out important functions like photosynthesis, energy production and cell signaling. Plant cells contain chloroplasts that allow them to carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose from sunlight through the process of absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
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Ном зүй: "Биологи" Мөнхийн үсэг. УБ.2008 Редактор: Профессор А.Гүрбадам
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ЭсTs. Bayarkhuu, Murun, Khuwsgul, Erdmiin dalai complex schoolЭсийн эрхтэнцэрүүд тэдгээрийн хэлбэр хэмжээний тадаар холбоосжуулалт ашиглаж үзэх пресентаци орууллаа. Илүү ихийг дараахи линкээр орж танилцаарай.
Линк- https://www.facebook.com/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8-1769970776587543/?ref=bookmarks
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эсийн бүтэц
- 1. Эс Амьтан, ургамал, бичил биес, амьд бүхний бүтэц, үйл ажиллагааны үндсэн нэгж нь эс юм. Вирусаас бусад бүх амьд биес эст бүтэцтэй. Эс бүхэн удамшлын шинжийг хариуцсан бүтэцтэй байх ба эукариот биесд бөөм, прокариот биесэд нуклеоид байна. Биеийн эс нь митоз хуваагдлаар үүсэх ба харин нь , бэлгийн эс мейоз хуваагдлаар үүснэ. Эсийн хэмжээ 0,1-0,25 мкм (зарим бактери)- аас 155 мм хүртэлх хэмжээтэй байна.
- 7. Амьтны эс
- 12. Эсийн найрлагад: Нуклейн хүчил: Амьд биеийн үндсэн шинжүүдийг тодорхойлогч, удамшлын мэдээлийг хадгалан дамжуулдаг биологийн өндөр молекулт нэгдэл юм.Бага молекул нь нуклеотид болно.Нүүрстөрөгч, устөрөгч, хүчилтөрөгч, фосфор агуулдаг.Нуклейн хүчил нь удамшлын мэдлээллийг хадгалах , дамжуулах үүрэгтэй. Нуклейн хүчил нь ДНХ ба РНХ гэсэн хоёр янз байна. Нүүрс ус Нүүрс ус бол байгальд өргөн тархсан ,ургамал,амьтаны эсийн бие махбодын бүтцийг бүрдүүлэн бодисын солилцоонд оролцдог шим бодис юм.Ургамлын эсийн хлоррпластидийн хлорофилийн мөхлөгт фотосинтезийн професс явагдан нүүрс хүчлийн хий уснаас глюкоз нийлэгжиж, цардуул хэлбэрээр нөөцлөгдөх эсвэл целлюлз болон ургамлын эсийн хана цашилбал ургамалын биеийг Цардуул болон гликоген хоёр нь амьд биеийн эсийн үйл ажилгаанд шаардлагатай эрчим хуримтлуулагч юм. Нүүрс ус нь ургамал болон амьтанд тулгуурын үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг.Нүүрс ус эсийн болон бие махбодын бүтцийг бүрдүүлэхэд оролоцдог тул бүтээн байгуулах үүрэгтэй. Нүүрс ус нь амьд биед харилцан адилгүй байна.Ургамлын усуд ихээр агуулагдана. Төмс,тутурга(цагаан буудаа), буудайн зэрэг таринаы ургамалууд нүүрс ус ихтэй байдаг. Хамгийн түгээмэл нүүрс усны нэг бол глюкоз юм. Ургамлын биед глюкоз зөвхөн цардуул үүгсээд зогсохгүй бас целлюлоз бүрдүүлдэг.Целлюлозийн ширхэгээс ургамалын эсийн хана бат бөх болно.Целлюлоз өөрийн бүтцээс шалтгаалан усанд уусдаггүй маш бат бөх байдаг
- 13. Уураг: Уураг бол эсэд заавал оролцдог полимер юм.Эдгээр полимер нь аминхүчил хэмээх 20 янзын мономерээс тогтоно. Уургийн молекул олон янзын бүтэцтэй.Уураг бол эсийн бие бүрдүүлэхэд заавал оролцдог бүүтэн байгуулах үүрэгтэй.Бүх ургамал зарим нян азот ,агаарын нүүрсхүчлийн хий устөрөгч ,шим бус бодисыг ашиглан бүх амин хүчлийг өөртөөн ийлэгжүүлэх чадвартай байдаг.Ургамалын тусгай эсүүд физилогийн үйл ажиллага явуулах зохицуулах тусгай фермент бодис даавар гормон ялгаруулдаг.Буурцагт ургамалууд тухайлбал вандуй ,шош уураг ихтэй байдаг. Эсийн шим бодисын ихэнхий эзэлдэг уураг нь эсэд бүтцийн ,зохицуулах ,хамгаалах, энергийн ,зөврийн ,хурдасгуурын зэрэг үүрэг гүйцэтгэнэ. Ус: Эсийн дотоод үндсэн орчин нь ус юм.Ииймд эсэд явагдах бүх урвалуудын ихэнх нь усан орчинд явагддаг байна.Эсэд агуулагдах усны хэмжээ нь эсийн онцлогоос шалтгаалан өөр өөр байдаг. Жиш: хуурай үрний10-20 хувь нь ус агуулагддаг.Ус нь эсэд уусгагчийн болон дулаан багтаамжийн үүрэгтэй.Усанд бусад шингэнээс илүү ологн бодис уусдаг. Усны дулаан бантаамж их учир дулаан огцом өөрчлөлтөөс эсийг хамгаалдаг.
- 14. Өөх тос: Энэ шим бодис нь амьд биед харилцан адилгүй байна.Ургамалын үр жимс,амьтаны өөхөн эдийн эсэд их хэмжээгээр хуримтлагдсан байна.Мөн наранцэцэгийн үр жимсэнд тос их байдагийг бид мэдэх билээ.Өөх тос нь өндөр молекулт нэгдэл бөгөөд бага молекул нэгдэл глицерин ба тосны хүчил юм.Бага молекул нь нүүрстөрөгч,устөрөгч, хүчилтөрөгч зэрэг элэментүүдийг агуулдаг.Усанд уусахгүй харин хлороформ ,бензол ,бензин эфир,ацетон зэрэг шим уусгагчид уусдаг шим нэгдлийг липид –өөх тос гэдэг. Мөн наранцэцэг,олс,хушга ,хуш зэрэг ургамалын үр ,жимсэнд их хэмжээний тос байдаг.Эсийн амьдралд липидийн үүрэг ач холбогдол асар их бөгөөд олон янз. .Өөх тос нь усны эх үүсвэр болдог.