anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation.docxssuser787740anatomy and physiology of fetal circulation
순환계는 인간으로써 기능하는 첫 기관계이다. 3주째 혈관과 혈구들이 형성되기 시작하여 모체로부터 태아에게 산소와 영양소를 공급해준다. 3주 말에는 관상의 심장이 뛰기 시작하여 원시 심혈관계가 배아, 결합경, 양막, 난환낭을 연결시킨다. 4주와 5주에는 심장이 2심방과 2심실로 나뉘고, 배아기 말에는 심장 발달이 완성된다.
태아의 폐는 호흡성 가스교환을 하지 않기 때문에 혈액은 동맥관(ductus arteriosus)이라는 특수 순환 경로를 거쳐 폐를 지난다. 산소가 풍부한 혈액은 태반에서 제대정맥을 통해 태아 복부로 들어온다. 제대정맥을 거쳐 간으로 들어간 혈액은 2개 가지로 나뉘는데, 첫 가지는 산소화된 혈액을 간에 공급한다. 대부분의 혈액은 두 번째 가지인 정맥관(ductus venous)을 통해 하대정맥으로 들어가고 태아 다리와 복부에서 온 탈산소화된 혈액과 섞여 우심방으로 간다. 이 혈액은 대부분 우심방에서 심방 사이에 있는 특수 경로인 난원공(foramen ovale)을 통해 좌심방으로 곧바로 간다. 이 혈액은 좌심방에서 폐정맥을 통해 태아의 폐에서 돌아오는 소량의 탈산소화된 혈액과 섞인다.
산소가 풍부한 혈액은 좌심실로 들어가고, 대동맥을 통해 분출되어 심장, 머리, 목, 팔 등에 가장 많은 혈액을 공급한다. 머리로 산소와 영상소가 많이 공급됨으로써 배아 또는 태아의 머리에서 엉덩이까지의 두정미(cephalocaudal)발달이 촉진된다.
머리와 팔에서 돌아온 탈산소화된 혈액은 상대정맥을 통해 우심방으로 들어오고, 우심실을 거쳐 폐동맥으로 분출된다. 소량의 혈액은 저항 상태인 폐조직을 거쳐 순환하지만, 대부분의 혈액은 저항이 적은 동맥관을 통해서 대동맥으로 간다. 산소가 적은 혈액은 복부대동맥을 통해 내장골동맥으로 가며, 제대동맥은 대부분의 혈액을 제대를 통해 태반으로 보낸다. 태반에서 혈액은 노폐물과 이산화탄소를 내주고 영양소오 산소를 얻어간다. 장골동맥에 남아있는 혈액은 태아 복부와 다리를 거쳐 하대정맥을 통해 심장으로 돌아온다.
다음과 같은 세 개의 특별한 특성에 따라 태아는 모체 혈액으로부터 충분한 산소를 공급받는다.
-태아 헤모글로빈은 모체 헤모글로빈보다 20~30% 산소를 많이 보유할 수 있다.
-태아 헤모글로빈 농도는 모체보다 50% 높다
-태아심박동은 110~160회/분으로 체중 단위당 심박출량이 성인보다 많다.
2. 법정 전염병의 전파경로, 병태생리 및 간호 및 감염관리
결핵(2급 감염병)
전파경로 : 공기전파
병태생리 : 결핵은 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex 이라는 세균에 의해 발생하는 감염병이다. 결핵은 대부분 폐에서 발생하지만 신장, 신경, 뼈 등 우리 몸 속 대부분의 조직이나 장기에서 병을 일으킬 수 있습니다.
간호 및 감염관리 : 결핵환자와 접촉하였다면 결핵균에 노출되어 감염될 수 있습니다. 결핵균이나 폐나 인후의 활동성 결핵환자 기침, 재채기, 대화 또는 노래 등을 통하여 공기 중으로 전파 됩니다. 만약 결핵환자와 접촉했을때에는 병원 또는 보건소를 방문하셔서 결핵감염에 대한 검사를 받아보는 것이 좋습니다. 진단 후 2주간 격리를 실시한다.
예방접종 BCG(피내용)
2. B형간염(3급 감염병)
전파경로
1) 산모에서 신생아로의 주산기감염
2) B형 간염 바이러스 전염력을 가진 자와 성적접촉
3) 감염된 혈액을 수혈 받았을 때
4) 사용 중 상처를 일으킬 수 있는 오염된 도구(주사바늘, 면도기 등)
5) B형 간염 바이러스 보유자의 체액이 묻은 바늘이나 칼에 상처를 입었을 경우
병태생리 : B형 간염은 B형 간염 바이러스에 감염된 경우 이로 이한 우리 몸의 면역반응으로 인해 간에 염증이 생기는 질환을 의미한다.
간호 및 감염관리 : 노출 직후 원인 제공 환자로부터 B형 간염 감염 가능성을 파악하기 위해서 B형간염바이러스 표면항원 양성여부 확인이 필요하다. 전염될 가능 성이 낮으므로 특별히 격리할 필요는 없다.
예방접종 HepB
3. 디프테리아(1급 감염병)
- 전파경로 : 주로 호흡기로 배출되는 균과의 접촉에 의해 전염되지만, 간혹 피부병변 접촉이나 비생물학적 매개체에 의한 전파가 일어나기도 한다.
- 병태생리 : 독소형 디프테리아균 감염에 의한 급성 호흡기 감염병
간호 및 감염관리 : 인두 디프테리아 환자는 격리하여 치료하여 환자의 분비물은 신체물질 격리방법에 준해 처리하며, 피부 디프테리아 환자는 병변 부위를 직접 접촉하지 않도록 합니다. 항생제 치료 후 24시간 이상이 경과한 다음, 24시간 이상의 간격으로 채취한 비강 및 인두부위의 검체에서 모두 균이 음성이면 격리를 해제할 수 있습니다. 임상적으로 14일간의 치료가 끝나면 격리는 해제됩니다.
예방접종 : DTAP, TDAP
4. 파상풍(3급 감염병)
전파경로 : 오염된 상처를 통해 이뤄진다.
병태생리 : 파상푼균이 생산하는 독소가 신경계를 침범하여 근육의 긴장성 연축을 일으키는 질환이다.
간호 및 감염관리 : 일단 환자에게 증상이 발현된 시점에서 파상풍 독소가 신경계를 이미 침범도니 상태입니다. 따라서 치료는 대ㅊ증 치료와 더 이상 독소가 중추신경계에 침범하는 것을 방지하고, 균주를 제거해 독소 생성을 차단하는 거승로 요약될 수 있다.
예방접종 : DTAP, TDAP
5. 백일해(2급 감염병)
전파경로 : 호흡기 분비물이나 비말을 통한 호흡기 전파가 주된 전파경로
병태생리 : 백일해균 감염에 의한 급성 호흡기 질환
간호 및 감염관리 : 심각하게 아픈 영야들의 경우 호흡이 매우 어려워져 기관내에 삽입한 관을 통해 기계적 환기를 해야 할 수 있으므로 보통 입원시킨다. 경증의 고학년 아동은 집에서 항생제 치료를 받는다. 증상이 해소될 때 까지 최소 4주간 격리한다.
예방접종 : DTAP, TDAP
6. 폴리오(2급 감염병)
전파경로 : 분변-경구 또는 경구-경구 감염을 통해 전파
병태생리 : 폴리오바이러스에 의하여 급성 이완성 마비를 일으키는 질환
간호 및 감염관리 : 특별한 치료는 없다. 환자의 대다수가 자연치유되므로 대증요법으로 충분한 경우가 대부분이다.
2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content MarketingSearch Engine JournalThe future of SEO is trending toward a more human-first and user-centric approach, powered by AI intelligence and collaboration. Are you ready?
Watch as we explore which SEO trends to prioritize to achieve sustainable growth and deliver reliable results. We’ll dive into best practices to adapt your strategy around industry-wide disruptions like SGE, how to navigate the top challenges SEO professionals are facing, and proven tactics for prioritizing quality and building trust.
You’ll hear:
- The top SEO trends to prioritize in 2024 to achieve long-term success.
- Predictions for SGE’s impact, and how to adapt.
- What E-E-A-T really means, and how to implement it holistically (hint: it’s never been more important).
With Zack Kadish and Alex Carchietta, we’ll show you which SEO trends to ignore and which to focus on, along with the solution to overcoming rapid, significant and disruptive Google algorithm updates.
If you’re looking to cut through the noise of constant SEO and content trends to drive success, you won’t want to miss this webinar.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara AliottaIn this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise AffairsThis presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCampSpeaker: Lydia Di Francesco
In this workshop, participants will delve into the realm of AI and its profound potential to revolutionize employee wellness initiatives. From stress management to fostering work-life harmony, AI offers a myriad of innovative tools and strategies that can significantly enhance the wellbeing of employees in any organization. Attendees will learn how to effectively leverage AI technologies to cultivate a healthier, happier, and more productive workforce. Whether it's utilizing AI-powered chatbots for mental health support, implementing data analytics to identify internal, systemic risk factors, or deploying personalized wellness apps, this workshop will equip participants with actionable insights and best practices to harness the power of AI for boosting employee wellness. Join us and discover how AI can be a strategic partner towards a culture of wellbeing and resilience in the workplace.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescuhttps://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed SoftwareChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldartsThe realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNowMental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartworkCreative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton TechnologiesOrganizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil KimberleyPepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contentlyThis document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert QianThe document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine JournalThe search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHubFrom their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark BoydEveryone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa MeroThe document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
How to have difficult conversations Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACCStop putting off having difficult conversations. Seven practical tips to ensure your next difficult conversation go smoothly.
2024 Trend Updates: What Really Works In SEO & Content MarketingSearch Engine JournalThe future of SEO is trending toward a more human-first and user-centric approach, powered by AI intelligence and collaboration. Are you ready?
Watch as we explore which SEO trends to prioritize to achieve sustainable growth and deliver reliable results. We’ll dive into best practices to adapt your strategy around industry-wide disruptions like SGE, how to navigate the top challenges SEO professionals are facing, and proven tactics for prioritizing quality and building trust.
You’ll hear:
- The top SEO trends to prioritize in 2024 to achieve long-term success.
- Predictions for SGE’s impact, and how to adapt.
- What E-E-A-T really means, and how to implement it holistically (hint: it’s never been more important).
With Zack Kadish and Alex Carchietta, we’ll show you which SEO trends to ignore and which to focus on, along with the solution to overcoming rapid, significant and disruptive Google algorithm updates.
If you’re looking to cut through the noise of constant SEO and content trends to drive success, you won’t want to miss this webinar.
Storytelling For The Web: Integrate Storytelling in your Design ProcessChiara AliottaIn this slides I explain how I have used storytelling techniques to elevate websites and brands and create memorable user experiences. You can discover practical tips as I showcase the elements of good storytelling and its applied to some examples of diverse brands/projects..
Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition – SCHREPEL – June 2024 OECD dis...OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise AffairsThis presentation by Thibault Schrepel, Associate Professor of Law at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University, was made during the discussion “Artificial Intelligence, Data and Competition” held at the 143rd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 12 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at oe.cd/aicomp.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
How to Leverage AI to Boost Employee Wellness - Lydia Di Francesco - SocialHR...SocialHRCampSpeaker: Lydia Di Francesco
In this workshop, participants will delve into the realm of AI and its profound potential to revolutionize employee wellness initiatives. From stress management to fostering work-life harmony, AI offers a myriad of innovative tools and strategies that can significantly enhance the wellbeing of employees in any organization. Attendees will learn how to effectively leverage AI technologies to cultivate a healthier, happier, and more productive workforce. Whether it's utilizing AI-powered chatbots for mental health support, implementing data analytics to identify internal, systemic risk factors, or deploying personalized wellness apps, this workshop will equip participants with actionable insights and best practices to harness the power of AI for boosting employee wellness. Join us and discover how AI can be a strategic partner towards a culture of wellbeing and resilience in the workplace.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescuhttps://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed SoftwareChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldartsThe realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNowMental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartworkCreative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton TechnologiesOrganizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil KimberleyPepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contentlyThis document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert QianThe document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine JournalThe search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHubFrom their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark BoydEveryone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa MeroThe document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
How to have difficult conversations Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACCStop putting off having difficult conversations. Seven practical tips to ensure your next difficult conversation go smoothly.
4. Hospital Course
• 응급실
– 벤톨린 네뷸라이저, 산소 공급
– 경구용 스테로이드 1회 투여
– 4시간 후에도 호전 없이, 증상 악화
• 중환자실
– 입원 후 Solu-Medrol 투여하였으나, 빈호흡과 호흡곤란이
악화되어 중환자실로 전실
– 6시간 간격으로 Solu-Medrol, 속효성 기관지 확장제 투여
– 3일 후 호전되어 병실로 전실 후 5일째 퇴원
• 집
– 풀미코트 1일 2회 투여
– 담배 피는 할아버지에 대한 교육 시행
5. 천식 악화 원인으로 생각되는 것은?
1. RSV(respiratory syncytial virus)
2. Streptococcus pneumonia
3. Influenza
4. hRV(human rhinovirus)
6. RT-PCR of Nasal Swab
• RSV A and B : negative
• Influenza A and B : negative
• Human Rhinovirus(hRV) : positive
7. What infection during infancy is
most associated with the
subsequent development of
childhood asthma?
8. Which of the following appears to be
associated with asthma?
A) Influenza
B) HRV (human rhinovirus)
C) hMPV (human metapneumovirus)
D) Chlamydia pneumonia
E) All of the above
9. 천식과 호흡기 바이러스 감염
Viral
infection
• Recurrent wheeze,
• Incident asthma
Young children
• Exacerbation,
• Decreased lung
function
Present asthma
10. 호흡기의 발달- 태내발달
0 4 6 16 26 32week
• 배아기(Embryonic period, 임신 4-6주)
• 가선기(Pseudoglandular period, 임신 6-16주)
• 세관지(Canalicular period, 임신 16-26주)
• 소낭기(Saccular period, 임신 26-32주)
• 폐포기(Alveolar period, 임신 32주- 출생)
11. 호흡기의 발달- 출생 후 성장
• 폐, 기관지의 발달
– 출생에서 18개월까지
• 2세까지는 폐포의 수가 증가하며
• 호흡 세기관지(bronchiole)와 폐포관(alveolar duct)그리고 폐포의 기능이 성
숙한다.
13. A. B.
그림 2. 호흡기의 출생 후 성장
C.
A. B. 18개월까지는 폐포의 수가 증가하며 호흡 세
기관지(bronchiole)와 폐포관(alveolar duct)과 폐포
의 기능이 성숙한다.
C. 18개월 이후에는 폐포 수의 증가는 현저히 감소하
고, 호흡기의 전반적인 크기가 증가한다. 이 시기 기
관지 연골도 4세까지 지속적으로 단단해 진다.
14. 호흡기 방어기능의 발달
• 방어 체계의 발달
– 점막
• 1차 방어선
– 호흡기 상피를 따라 발달한 면역계
• 2, 3차 방어선
1. 면역계의 발달이 미숙한 영유아에서는 1차 방어선인 점막의 역할이 중요하므로
2. 적절한 습도를 유지하고, 물리적 손상을 막아서 점막 기능을 극대화 시켜야 한다.
감염 예방을 위해 가족들의 위생 관리가 철저해야 하고, 사람이 많은 곳에 가는 것을
제한하며
3. 분비형 IgA가 점막 방어기전에 중요인자 이므로 IgA가 풍부한 모유 수유가 중요하
다.
15. • 물리적 방어 기전: 1차, 2차 방어선
– 가온, 가습
• 비강은 표면적이 넓고, 혈관과 섬모 상피세포가 많아 흡입한 공기에
효과적으로 온도와 습도를 높여준다.
• 신생아와 영아의 호흡은 비강호흡에 많이 의존한다.
– 미립자의 제거
• 비강 내에서는 코털에서
• 기관지로 들어온 것은 기관지 점액막층(mucus blanket)에 부착되어
섬모운동에 의해서 제거된다.
16. 공기
온도 29-32도, 상대습도 95%
온도 32-34도
상대습도 100%
온도 37도
상대습도 100%
25. Vitamin D deficiency and incidence of
viral infection
• “Rachitic Lung”: children with rickets have
more respiratory infections
– Lung abnormalities included: lobar atelectasis,
interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary edema with
cardiomegaly
– Respiratory infections increased in children with
“sub-clinical rickets”
Khajavi and Amirhakimi Clin Ped 1977;16:1
Rehman J Trop Pediatr 1994;40:58
26. Rate of URTI varied by Vit. D level
Ginde et al. Arch Inern Med
2009;169:384
27. Season and Influenza A:
Do vitamin D levels play a role?
Review by Cannell et al. Epidemiol Infect
2006;134:1129
28. What is the level of proof that vitamin D
sufficiency would be protective?
• Increased rate of respiratory infectins in non-rachitic children
with vit D deficiency returned to control levels after 6 weeks
of high dose vit D
• RCT in 334 school children in Japan
– Intervention group: 1200 IU/d, control 200 IU/d
– Outcome of Inf. A infection
• Intervention 18/167, 10.8%
• Placebo 31/167, 18.6%
• RR of 0.36 (p=0.006)
Rehman J Tropical Pediatrics 1994
Urashima et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1255
29. What is the level of proof that vitamin D
sufficiency would be protective?
• Secondary outcome of a trial for bone loss
– Women in intervention group (2,000 IU/d) had fewer respiratory
infections than in control group: 7.7% vs. 25.0%
Aloia and Li-Ng Correspondence to Epidemiol Infect 2007;135:1095
30. Mechanisms by which vitamin D
decreases viral infection
• Limits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines,
suppressing inflammation
• Increases factors that inactivate viral pathogens: e.g.,
cathelicidin, beta-defensin
• Primary airway epithelium generate active D that
decreases inflammatory response to viral infection
• Enhances T regulatory cell suppression
Hansdorrir et al. J Immunol 2008;181:7090
Hansdorrir et al. J Immunol 2010;184:965
31. Vitamin D levels and incidence of
viral infection in young children
• Cord-blood levels associated with resp infection
– Lower levels associated with higher risk of resp infection
by 3 months of age after adjusting for season of birth
2.5
2
1.5
respiratory infection
any infection OR
1
0.5
0
>75 25-74 <25
25(OH)D concentration, nmol/L
Camargo et al.
Pediatrics
2011;127:e180
32. Vitamin D levels and incidence of
viral infection in young children
• Cord-blood levels associated with resp infection
• Low levels associated with increased probability of a
viral co-infection (more than 1 concurrent viral
infection
Most notable for RSV
and RV
Deficient
Camargo et al.
JACI 2010;126:1074
33. Are vitamin D levels associated with severity
of viral infections in young children?
• Pro
– Case control study of 15 newborns with LRTI admitted to
NICU
• 15 healthy controls matched for GA, birth weight, age, gender
• Levels in LRTI group 9 + 9 vs. controls 16 + 13, p=0.012
• Plus/minus
– Deficiency noted in bronchiolitis only in those admitted to
ICU, not to general pediatric ward vs. well controls
• Con
– Maternal D evel not assciated with infant bronchiolitis
score
Karatekin et al. Eur J Clin Nutrution 2009;63:473
McNally et al. Ped Pulm 2009;44:981
Carroll et al. AJOG 2011;215:e1
34. Vitamin D deficiency and
viral infection-induced exacerbations
• Higher levels associated with decrease
markers of allergy and asthma severity
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
ICS or LM ICS or LM PD20 Hosp
OR
Brehm et al. AJRCCM 2009;179:765
P=0.20
P=0.004 P=0.05
P=0.03
35. Vitamin D deficiency and viral
infection-induced exacerbations
• Lower levels associated with increase markers
of allergy and asthma severity
• Insufficient levels associated with risk of
severe exacerbation, particularly when not on
ICS
37. Risk of exacerbation over 4 years
increased by a combination of ICS use
and vit D status
Exacerbation No Yes Percentage OR (95% CI)
ICS, D suff 162 52 24 1.0 (reference)
ICS, D insuff 58 31 35 1.7 (1.0-2.9)
No ICS, D suff 289 158 35 1.7 (1.2-2.5)
No ICS, D insuff 166 105 39 2.0 (1.3-2.0)
Brehm et al. JACI 2010;126:52
38. Conclusions
• Viral infections play a prominent role in:
– Affecting asthma incidence in young children
• Prominent role of rhinovirus
– Precipitating asthma exacerbations
– Leading to loss of lung function
• Vitamin D deficiency associated with:
– Increased rate of infections overall, particularly viral respiratory and in
young children
– Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased factors for viral
inactivation on airway epithelium
– Increased markers of allergy and asthma severity, and exacerbations
• Need for RCTs to document improvement in outcomes with
vit D supplementation
39. Questions
• Evidence for viral infections:
–Affecting asthma incidence in young
children
• Prominent role of rhinovirus
–Precipitating asthma exacerbations
–Leading to loss of lung function
40. Viral infection and asthma
incidence
• RSV bronchiolitis liked to development of wheeze
and asthma at age 5 years
– Related to episode severity
– Interaction with family history of asthma
• Rhinovirus (RV) plays a role more important than RSV
– OR for development of asthma
• 2.6 for RSV
• 9.8 for RV
– Improvement in detection via molecular techniques
allowed determination of role for RV
41. RSV bronchiolitis and asthma
outcome: Role of family history
Sigurs et al. Thorax 2010; 65:1045
42. Role of viral infection early in life on asthma
development
Risk of asthma at age 6 years
in children who wheezed
during the first 3 years of life
with rhinovirus (RV),
respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV), or both
(*P , 0.05 vs. Neither;
+P , 0.05 vs. RSV only).
OR = odds ratio.
Jackson et al. AJRCCM 2008;178:667
43. Viruses that exacerbate asthma by year of age,
by asthma outcome
RV – rhinovirus
RSV – resp syn virus
PIV – para influenza virus
Flu – influenza A and B
CV – coronovirus
MPV – metapneumo virus
AdV – adenovirus
EnV – enterovirus
Jackson et al. AJRCCM 2008;178:667
44. Viruses Trigger Most Asthma
Exacerbations in Children
• Viruses were detected in:
– 80% of reported episodes of reduced peak
expiratory flow
– 80% of reported episodes of wheeze
– 85% of reported episodes of upper respiratory
symptoms, cough, wheeze, and a fall in peak
expiratory flow
Johnson SL et al. BMJ 1995;310:1225
45. Viral Detection During 292
Respiratory Episodes
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Picornavirus
Coronavirus
Influenza
Parainfluenza
RSV
Other
No virus
Number of episodes
Picornavirus = Rhinovirus or enterovirus
Johnson et al. BMJ 1995;310:1225
46. Viral infection and decrease in lung
function
• Severe exacerbations (severe asthma-related
event, SARE) are associated with decline in
lung function
– Protective effect of regular ICS use
O’Byrne et al. AJRCCM 2009;179:18
47. Viral infection and decrease in lung
function
• Severe exacerbations are associated with
decline in lung function
• Decreased lung function after preschool
wheezing RV, but not RSV, illnesses
Guilbert et al. JACI 2011;128:532
61. The Journal of Pediatrics, Volume 156, Issue 5, May 2010, Page A3
Robert W. Wilmott
63. The recent evidences indicate that
montelukast may reduce the
frequency of post-bronchiolitic
wheezing without causing significant side
effects but that it has no effects on decreasing incidences
of recurrent wheezing, symptom-free days, or the associated
usage of corticosteroid in post-bronchiolitis patients.
The small number of enrolled participants and the inability to pool all clinical outcomes precludes us from making solid
recommendations.
65. 결 론
나한테 그런 것은
물어보지 마세요.
오늘의 강의는
천식이 호흡기 바이러스 감
염과 밀접한 관계가 있다는
것입니다.
66. 정리해보면…
• 호흡기 바이러스 감염의 빈도는 혈중 Vit-
D 레벨이 낮은 것과 관련이 있다.
• 호흡기 바이러스 감염 원인 중 hRV가 천식
의 유발과 악화에 더 큰 역할을 한다.
• 특히 어릴 때 hRV로 인해 폐기능이 저하되
면 평생 영향을 미친다.
• 몬테루카스는 세기관지염 후 wheezing의
빈도를 낮출 수 있다.
67. 약간 의문이 드는 것
• 비타민 D를 계속 먹이면 호흡기 바이러스
감염 예방에 도움을 줄 가능성이 있다.
• 그러나 그 용량을 얼마나 주어야 할 것인
지에 대한 연구가 필요하다.
• 어린이들의 야외활동 시간을 늘려주면, 감
기에 덜 걸릴 가능성이 있지 않을까?하는
생각을 할 수도 있지만, 질병 관리 본부의
감기 예방 수칙에는 아직 그런 것은 없다.
68. 제목: Greeting Man
작가: 유영호
설치: 파주 헤이리
제가 아는 것을 홀딱 벗고
다 알려 드렸습니다. 경청해
주셔서 감사합니다.