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- 2. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §å§â§à§Ü§Ñ: ? §¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä; ? §¯§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä? ? §¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§í §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ?
- 3. §´§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä (intelligence) §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à intellectus ¡ª §é§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §å§Þ, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Õ§à§Ü, §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ; §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.
- 4. §ª§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä (artificial intelligence) ¡ª §ª§ª (AI) §ï§ä§à §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.
- 5. 60-§í§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §·§· §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ ? §ª§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä (§ª§ª) ¨C §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
- 6. §ª§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Õ§Ó§å§Þ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ: ? §Ò§Ú§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö¡ª §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ñ; ? §á§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö - §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §¿§£§® §Ó§à§ã§á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§å §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ö§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í.
- 7. §±§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö - §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§Ú§Ò§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §¢§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ñ§á§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Þ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§Û §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à (§à§Ü§à§Ý§à 14 §Þ§Ú§Ý§Ý§Ú§Ñ§â§Õ§à§Ó) §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ü ¡ª §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ß§à§Ó. §¦§ë§Ö §Ó 1950-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §Ò§í§Ý§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§à §á§à§â§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú - §á§Ö§â§ã§Ö§á§ä§â§à§ß. §¯§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç §¿§£§® §Þ§Ñ§Ý§à§Û §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î. §´§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Þ§Ú§Ü§â§à§ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §ä§í§ã§ñ§é §Þ§Ú§Ü§â§à§á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§â§à§Ó - §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í. §°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ç §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§ð§ð §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §à§Ò§å§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü.
- 8. §£§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö - §á§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ª§ª §¥§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¿§£§® §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é. §¿§ä§à, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à, §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à-§ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í. §°§ß§Ú §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä: §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §ã §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û, §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§æ§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§í §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §ã§à§é§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§à§Ü §Ú §á§à§ï§Þ, §ã§è§Ö§ß§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó (§Þ§í§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §à§á§Ö§â§í). §®§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§à§é§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í§ç §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú. §²§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§í §â§å§Ü§à§á§Ú§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§í §Ú §ã§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§í §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ô§à§Ý§à§ã§à§Þ §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ô§â§à§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §ª§ª. §©§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§í§Û §ã§å§á§Ö§â§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â Deep Blue §à§Ò§í§Ô§â§Ñ§Ý §ê§Ñ§ç§Þ§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Þ§á§Ú§à§ß§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §¤. §¬§Ñ§ã§á§Ñ§â§à§Ó§Ñ.
- 9. §±§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ú §ª§ª ¨C §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¸§Ö§Ý§î §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û: §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§× §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§Ö. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ. §µ§á§â§à§ë§×§ß§ß§à: §¯§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§å §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î.
- 10. §³§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ : ? §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§á§â§Ö§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§à §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç; ? §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú; ? §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó, §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§ß§à-§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú; ? §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î (§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§î) §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
- 12. §ª§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä §´§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ª§ª ? §¯§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í ? §ª§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§à§Ò§à§ä§í §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ª§ª ? §ª§Ô§â§í §Ú §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à ? §¬§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ ? §²§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó ? §¡§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§å§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í ? §¿§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §¯ §¡ §± §² §£ § §¦ §¯ §ª §Á §ª §ª
- 13. §¯§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í ? §ï§ä§à §¿§£§®, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ê§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§í ¨C §ï§ä§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ. ? §³ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§à§Ó §å§Õ§Ñ§×§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§å §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó.
- 14. §ª§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§à§Ò§à§ä§í ? §²§à§Ò§à§ä§í ¨C §ï§ä§à §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ. ? §£ §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §à§ä §â§à§Ò§à§ä§à§Ó, §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§à §Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§à§Û §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§à§Ò§à§ä§í §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ü §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Û §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ö, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
- 15. §²§à§Ò§à§ä- §Þ§à§Ü§â§Ú§è§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö §®§¹§³ §²§à§Ò§à§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ï§Ó§Ñ§Ü§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ô§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ-§Ú§Ù§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §²§´§¬-07 §±§à§ã§å§Õ§à§Þ§à§Ö§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§ä
- 16. §ª§Ô§â§í §Ú §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à ? §·§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§à§Þ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ê§Ñ§ç§Þ§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í. ? §³§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§í§Ö §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ä §å§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ô§â§à§ã§ã§Þ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§Ü§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö. ? §£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §ç§å§Õ§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à: §ã§à§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§Ú, §ã§ä§Ú§ç§à§Ó §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö.
- 17. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §Ò§à§Û§è§à§Ó §Ó §Ò§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§è§Ö§ß§Ñ§ç ?§£§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §¬§à§Ý§Ö§è? §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý §Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ
- 18. §¬§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §¬ §ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ó§å§ç §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ: ? §±§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ñ ¨C §ï§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §ã §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û. §±§â§à§ã§ä§à§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§à§Ó§ß§í§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä. §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ-§á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§é§Ú§Ü §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§à§Û §æ§â§Ñ§Ù§í §Ú §Ö§Ö §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§à§Þ. ? §£§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ ¨C §ï§ä§à §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Û§ã§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §¿§£§® §Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ §ß§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö. §±§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§à§Ó §á§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à-§ê§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í.
- 19. §²§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó ? §é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§à§Þ §â§å§Ü§à§á§Ú§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §á§à§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ñ. ? §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§é§Ú.
- 20. §¡§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§å§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í ? §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Û §Þ§Ñ§â§ê§â§å§ä §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
- 21. §¿§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í- ?§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç? ? §¿§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í-§Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú, §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó-§ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§à§Ó.
- 26. "§£§í§Ó§à§Õ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§î" §á§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§à§â§à§Þ
- 28. §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§é§×§ß§à§Ô§à §²§ï§Û§Þ§à§ß§Õ§Ñ §¬§å§â§è§Ó§Ö§Û§Ý§Ñ ? §£ §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Û§ê§Ú§ç 20 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ó §Ü§â§à§Ó§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§Ö§ß§í §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§ß§à§â§à§Ò§à§ä§à§Ó. §°§ß§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ, §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§Ù§Ö§â§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§á§Ú§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§á§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Û§Ý§à§Ó. §¿§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §â§à§Ò§à§ä§í §ã§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§é§î §Ó§ã§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. ? §¬§å§â§è§Ó§Ö§Û§Ý, §Ó §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§é§Ú§ç §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§Û, §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ö§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§á§í§ç, §Ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö 1980-§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö 1990-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§ä§Ú. §´§Ñ§Ü §é§ä§à §Ü §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §á§â§Ú§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ.
- 29. §´§â§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ §â§à§Ò§à§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¡§Û§Ù§Ö§Ü §¡§Ù§Ú§Þ§à§Ó. ? §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ: §â§à§Ò§à§ä §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó§â§Ö§Õ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§×§ß §Ó§â§Ö§Õ; ? §á§à§Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å: §â§à§Ò§à§ä §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §á§à§Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü, §Ü§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§Ö§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ä §±§Ö§â§Ó§à§Þ§å §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å; ? §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §à §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú: §²§à§Ò§à§ä §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §ä§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ú§ä §±§Ö§â§Ó§à§Þ§å §Ú §£§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å.
- 30. 1. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §ß§Ñ§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §Ù§Ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Û§ß§Ö), §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§á§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ö §é§Ú§ã§Ý§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §¿§ä§à §ï§Ü§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ä§ß§à §±§Ö§â§Ó§à§Þ§å §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å. 2. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§ß§à, §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û: §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ö§Û, §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §ä. §Õ, §é§ä§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §£§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å. 3. §¬§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§ã §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ¡ª §Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §´§â§Ö§ä§Ú§Û §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß. §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ