?§ã§ä§à§â?§ñ §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è??
- 1. ?§ã§ä§à§â?§ñ §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?? Sommario del mondo 697 ¨C 1797
- 4. §°§æ?§è?§Û§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§å§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Þ?§ã§ä§Ñ 25 §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ù§ß§ñ 421 §â§à§Ü§å §Ó §Õ§Ö§ß§î §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó?§ë§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §®§Ñ§â?? - §±?§Õ §é§Ñ§ã §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ?§Ó §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§î §Ô§å§ß?§Ó §¡§ä§ä?§Ý§Ñ §Ó 452 §â§à§Ü§å §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Û§à§Ó§å? §Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§ð ?§ä§Ñ§Ý?§ð §Õ§à §â?§é§Ü§Ú §±§à; - §±§â§Ú§ä§å§Ý§Ü§å §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú §ê§å§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä§î §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ý§Ñ§Ô§å§ß§Ú, §Õ§Ö ? §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à? §Ò§Ö§Ù§á§Ö§Ü§Ú. §±§à§ã§ä§å§á§à§Ó§à §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä§î §á§à§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§ñ: §¤§â§Ñ§Õ§à, §¤§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ö§ñ, §®§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü§Ü§à; - §±?§ã§Ý§ñ §á§Ñ§Õ?§ß§ß§ñ §©§Ñ§ç?§Õ§ß§à? §²§Ú§Þ§ã§î§Ü§à? ?§Þ§á§Ö§â?? §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Û§ã§î§Ü? §à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ù §â§Ö§ê§ä§à§ð ?§ä§Ñ§Ý?? §á§à§ä§â§Ñ§á§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§î §á?§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§å §à§ã§ä§Ô§à§ä?§Ó, §Õ§Ñ§Ý? ¡ª §³§ç?§Õ§ß§à? §²§Ú§Þ§ã§î§Ü§à? ?§Þ§á§Ö§â??; - §¯§Ñ§Ó?§ä§î §á?§ã§Ý§ñ §Ó§ä§à§â§Ô§ß§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ý§Ñ§ß§Ô§à§Ò§Ñ§â§Õ?§Ó §Ó§à§ß§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ê§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§ñ §á?§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§à§ð §£?§Ù§Ñ§ß§ä??.
- 5. ? §¨§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý? §à§ã§ä§â?§Ó§ß§Ú§ç §Ô§â§å§á §à§Ò¡¯?§Õ§ß§å§ð§ä§î§ã§ñ ? §à§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ð§ä§î §Ó 697 §¡§ß§Ñ§æ§Ö§ã§ä§à §±§Ñ§à§Ý§à §§å§é?§à §Ù§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§à§ð §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §Û§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§ä§ä§ñ, §á§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §à§ä§â§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§å ¡ª §Õ§à§Ø. ? §µ§â§ñ§Õ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ã§ñ §ã§á§Ö§â§ê§å §Ó §¤§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§Ý§Ö?, 742 §â§à§Ü§å §Û§à§Ô§à §Ò§å§Ý§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§à §Õ§à §®§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü§Ü§à ? 810 §â§à§Ü§å ¡ª §ß§Ñ §á§å§ã§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§à§ä§Ú §à§ã§ä§â?§Ó §²?§Ñ§Ý§î§ä§à, §Õ§Ö §á?§ã§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ý§à §Þ?§ã§ä§à §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§ñ.
- 6. §±§Ñ§à§Ý§à §§å§é?§à §¡§ß§Ñ§æ§Ö§ã§ä§à ¡ª §á§Ö§â§ê§Ú§Û, §Ó?§â§à§Ô?§Õ§ß§à §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Û§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§à§Ø.
- 7. §£§Ú§Ü§â§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Û§è§ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§à§ë?§Ó §³§Ó. §®§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ ?§Ù §°§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§ß§Õ§â??. §®§à§Ù§Ñ§Û§Ü§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§à§â§å §³§Ó. §®§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ §å §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è??, XI §ã§ä.. §´?§ß§ä§à§â§Ö§ä§ä§à. §®§à§ë? §ã§Ó§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à §Ñ§á§à§ã§ä§à§Ý§Ñ §®§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ (1562-1566)
- 8. §±'?§ä§â§à II §°§â§ã§Ö§à§Ý§à (961 ¡ª ?1009) 26-§Û §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Û§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§à§Ø - §£?§ß §â§à§Ù§á§à§Ó§ã§ð§Õ§Ú§Ó §Ó§á§Ý§Ú§Ó §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?? §ß§Ñ §ç§à§â§Ó§Ñ§ä?§Ó ? §ã§Ý§à§Ó'§ñ§ß §¯§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ó§Ú - §©§Ó?§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ó §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Ñ§ß§è?§Ó §Ó?§Õ 50-§â?§é§ß§à? §ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß? §ã§Ý§à§Ó'§ñ§ß§ã§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §á?§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ - §©§Ñ§ç§à§á§Ú§Ó ?§ç ? §Þ?§ã§ä§à §¥§å§Ò§â§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü. - §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ §Ó 1000 §â§à§è? §Ó §Þ§à§â§ã§î§Ü?§Û §Ò§Ú§ä§Ó? §Ù §á?§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§Ñ §Ù§Õ§à§Ò§å§ä§ä§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ð §ß§Ñ§Õ §å§ã?§Þ §¡§Õ§â?§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Þ §Þ§à§â§Ö§Þ §á§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§à§é§Ñ§ä§à§Ü §Ò§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§à§Ó?§Ü§à§Ó?§Û §è§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§à§ß?? ?§³§Ó§ñ§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§â§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ §Ó§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Ñ§ß§ã§î§Ü§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ø§Ñ §Ù §¡§Õ§â?§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Þ §Þ§à§â§Ö§Þ?.
- 10. §´§Ö§â§Ú§ä§à§â?§ñ §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è??, 1000 §â?§Ü
- 15. §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§ñ §Ò§å§Ý§Ñ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§é§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§à§Þ §ä§Ö§Ý§à§ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §Ñ§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §â§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý?§Ü§Ú ? §á§Ö§â§ê§à? §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§ß§à? §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ú §³§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú §â?§Ù§ß§à§Þ§Ñ§ß?§ä§ß§Ñ ? §â§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ§Ý§å§Õ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ: - §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§å §Ö§Ý?§ä§å §ã§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ã?§Þ'? §á§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§è??§Ó (§ß§à§Ò?§Ý§Ö§Û), §Ù §ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú; - §Ô§â§à§Þ§Ñ§Õ§ñ§ß§Ú, §ë§à §Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §á§â§Ñ§è§ð§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Ñ§Õ§Þ?§ß?§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä? §£§¦§§ª§¬§¡ §²§¡§¥§¡ - §ß§Ñ§Û§Ó§Ú§ë§Ú§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß §¥§°§¨ ¨C §Ó§Ú§Ò?§â§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §®§¡§§¡ §²§¡§¥§¡ ¨C §Õ§à§â§Ñ§Õ§é§Ú§Û §à§â§Ô§Ú§ß §á§â§Ú §Õ§à§Ø? §³§¦§¯§¡§´ ¨C §Ó§Ú§Ò?§â§ß? §á§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§Ú, §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß §Ù§Ñ§Û§Þ§Ñ§Ó§ã§ñ §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ §Õ§à§Ó§Ô§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ü§à§Ó§à? §Ù§à§Ó§ß?§ê§ß§î§à? §á§à§Ý?§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §²§¡§¥§¡ §³§°§²§°§¬§¡ ¨C §Ó§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§Ú§Û §ã§å§Õ §²§¡§¥§¡ §¥§¦§³§Á§´§ª ¨C §ä§Ñ?§Þ§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý?§è?§ñ §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ú§Ü§à§ß§Ñ§Ó§é§à? §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú §Ò§å§Ý§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú, §á§â§à§Ü§å§â§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ú, §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã?§Û§ß? §Ô?§Ý§î§Õ??, §â§Ö§Ý?§Ô?§Û§ß? §Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
- 17. §¢§à§ß§Ñ§á§Ñ§â§ä §à§Ô§à§Ý§à§ã§Ú§Ó §â§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý?§è? §Ó?§Û§ß§å. §®§Ñ§â§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§ñ §Ó§à§ß§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ú§Ó?§ã§ä§ð ? §Ù§Þ?§ß§à§ð §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§è?? §ã§ç§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§à§â§Ñ §Õ§à §Ü§à§Þ§á§â§à§Þ?§ã§å. §°§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§ß?§Û §Õ§à§Ø,§§ð§Õ§à§Ó§Ú§Ü§à §®§Ñ§ß?§ß, ? §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Þ§å§ê§Ö§ß? §Ò§å§Ý§Ú 12 §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§ñ 1797 §â§à§Ü§å §á?§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§à? §Ù§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§ñ. §±§à§ä?§Þ, 16 §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§ñ, §Þ?§ã§ä§à §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§ñ §Ò§å§Ý§à §Ò§Ö§Ù §à§á§à§â§å §Ù§Ñ§Û§ß§ñ§ä§à §æ§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú. ?§ã§ä§à§â?§ñ §¯§Ñ§Û§ñ§ã§ß?§ê§à? §£§Ö§ß§Ö§è?§Û§ã§î§Ü§à? §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý?§Ü§Ú §Ò§å§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ñ