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§¬§à§ß§Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú: §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú? §ã§ä§â. 9 §¦§³: ?§¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §Ü §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î ?§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó?* Commission Recommendation on common principles for injunctive and compensatory collective redress mechanisms in the Member States concerning violations of rights granted under Union Law, June 11, 2013: ? §µ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§Ú§è §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§è§à§Ó §Ó §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §ß§Ñ §ñ§ã§ß§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö (opt-in), §Ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§å§Õ§Ñ ? §©§Ñ§á§â§Ö§ä ?§Ô§à§ß§à§â§Ñ§â§Ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ? ? §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§è§à§Ó, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, ? §³§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ ?§á§â§à§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä? (¡®loser pays¡¯). *Frequently Asked Questions: European Commission recommends collective redress principles to Member States European Commission - MEMO/13/530 11/06/2013
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  • 8. §¬§à§ß§Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú: §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú? §ã§ä§â. 8 ¡­ §Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §¡§Ü§ä §à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó (CAFA), 2005: - §ð§â§Ú§ã§Õ§Ú§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §æ§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§å§Õ§à§Ó; §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ú§ã§ä§è§à§Ó §µ§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§à§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §£§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §³§å§Õ§à§Þ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ü §á§à§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó (§Õ§Ö§Ý§à Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly [2008] §Ú §Õ§â.) §¢§Ú§Ý§Ý§î §à§Ò §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ §ã§á§Ö§Ü§å§Ý§ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§Ú, 2013: - §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ê§ä§â§Ñ§æ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§é§å §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó §³§°§¬§²§¡§»§¦§¯§ª§¦ §¬§°§­§ª§¹§¦§³§´§£§¡ §¬§­§¡§³§³§°§£§½§· §ª§³§¬§°§£ §£ §³§º§¡ §¯§¡ 50% §³ 2008 §á§à 2010 §¤§°§¥§½
  • 9. §¬§à§ß§Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú: §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú? §ã§ä§â. 9 §¦§³: ?§¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §Ü §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§å§ð §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î ?§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó?* Commission Recommendation on common principles for injunctive and compensatory collective redress mechanisms in the Member States concerning violations of rights granted under Union Law, June 11, 2013: ? §µ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§Ú§è §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§è§à§Ó §Ó §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §ß§Ñ §ñ§ã§ß§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö (opt-in), §Ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§å§Õ§Ñ ? §©§Ñ§á§â§Ö§ä ?§Ô§à§ß§à§â§Ñ§â§Ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ? ? §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§è§à§Ó, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§Ö§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, ? §³§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ ?§á§â§à§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä? (¡®loser pays¡¯). *Frequently Asked Questions: European Commission recommends collective redress principles to Member States European Commission - MEMO/13/530 11/06/2013
  • 10. §¬§à§ß§Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Ú: §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú? §ã§ä§â. 10 §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: §â§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó §Ó §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ß§à§á§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö (§±§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §¡§Ü§ä§Ñ §à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, 2013) Consumer Rights Bill (2013) ¨C ?§°§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û opt-out? ? §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§Ú §Õ§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö (§á§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §Ó Competition Act 1998); ? §³§ä§â§à§Ô§Ú§Û §ã§å§Õ§Ö§Ò§ß§í§Û §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î §Ù§Ñ §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó; ? §ª§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Ò§í§ç §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §å§Ò§í§ä§Ü§à§Ó; ? §ª§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Õ§Ó§à§Ü§Ñ§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à ?§Ô§à§ß§à§â§Ñ§â§Ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ?; ? §³§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ ?§á§â§à§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä?; ? §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú§ã§ä§è§í §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ä§à§â§Ô§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û (§ß§à §ß§Ö §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§â§Þ§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§Ú §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ ¨C §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§à§â§í §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó); ? §¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§ã§Ü§Ú §á§à§Õ§ã§å§Õ§ß§í §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§å§Õ§å ¨C §¡§á§Ö§Ý§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Þ§à§ß§à§á§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§â§Ú§Ò§å§ß§Ñ§Ý§å (CAT)
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