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ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo
§µ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î:
§³§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ç§à§Ó §®§Ñ§â§ã§Ö§Ý§î §Á§Ý§Ú§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§é
¡°§£§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ
§è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§î
§é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î¡±.
§¿§Õ§Ú§ã§à§ß
? §¯§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
? §°§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§Ü§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ú§ä.
? §³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §ã§à§á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§ç§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú
§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú; §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ú §ã§à§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
? §°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ô§à-
§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à; §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§å§ð
§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î/§Ó§Ö§ë§î.
? §¡§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §å§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú
§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú; §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §á§à §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§å §Ú§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ.
? §©§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§í §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú
§Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó; §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
? §±§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§Û§Õ§×§ä §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ;
§á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
? §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö; §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §ä.§Õ. §Õ§Ý§ñ
§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú; §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§î
§á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å §Ú§Ù §é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
?§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â ¨C §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ
§à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ.
?§£ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ö - §ï§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ñ §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô
§ß§Ö§Ö §Ü§â§å§á§ß§í§Ö §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§à§Ó§í§Ö
§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í, §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ §Ú§ç §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Û
§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §ã §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Þ.
§®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú
§±§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ
§±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§Ö§á§Ú§á§Ö§Õ
§¬§å§Ò
§´§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§ï§Õ§â
§±§Ú§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Õ§Ñ
§©§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §·§à§ä§Ú§Þ §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú
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§°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î
§å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î
1.
2.
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§©§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §·§à§ä§Ú§Þ §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú
? §±§Ý§à§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§í:
§ä§â§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü,
§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä,
§á§â§ñ§Þ§à§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü.
?§¦§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í
§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß
§à§ä§â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§Ó: §Þ§Þ, §ã§Þ,
§Õ§Þ, §Þ, §Ü§Þ.
?S§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ = §Ñ¡¤§Ñ=§Ñ?
?S§á§â§ñ§Þ§à§å§Ô .= §Ñ¡¤§Ó
§²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í
§á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.
§¶§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§í §Õ§Ý§ñ
§Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û
§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
§á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§å
§Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß §â§×§Ò§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ
§Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ì§×§Þ§Ñ
§á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í.
? §°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú,
§â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §Ö§×
§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
?§¶§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§å §Õ§Ý§ñ
§Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß
§â§×§Ò§Ö§â.
§°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î:
§¬§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§ì§×§Þ
§á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î
§á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§î §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û
§á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
§±§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó
§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý §Ó
§â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç.
§´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 1 §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 2 §­§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ
§ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö-
§ß§Ú§ñ
§´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 3 §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 4
??? ??? ??? ??? ???
§­§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ
§ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú
§ñ
§±§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ
§ä§â§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§î
§ß§Ñ§ñ
§±§Ú§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Õ§Ñ
§é§Ö§ä§í§â§×§ç-
§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ
§¬§å§Ò §±§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö
§Ý§Ö§á§Ú§á§Ö§Õ
§´§Ö§ä§â§Ñ§ï§Õ§â
§¹§Ö§â§ä§×§Ø
§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó
§à §Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ú§ß
§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó
§à §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û
§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó
§à §â§×§Ò§Ö§â
!-?
(!) - ¡°§å§Ø§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý¡±,
(+) ¡°§ß§à§Ó§à§Ö¡±,
(-) ¨C¡°§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ý §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý¡±,
(?) - §ß§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§Ý, §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í
?§®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§Ü, §Õ§Ó§Ö §á§Ñ§â§í §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à (§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ)
(+) ¨C §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö n-§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó
§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§Ý§à§ã§Ü§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç(!), §Ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö n
§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û ¨C §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í (§Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú)
(+). §³§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û, §ß§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ
§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
(-) §±§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§å §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä
§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Õ§à§Ý§î
§ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §à§ä§â§Ö§Ù§Ü§Ñ (§â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ). (?)
§¯§Ö§á§à§Ý§ß§í§Ö§¯§Ö§á§à§Ý§ß§í§Ö
§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö
§å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§å§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§²§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¯§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö
§Ü§à§â§ß§Ö§Û
§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à
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§±§à§Þ§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§±§à§Þ§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú
55xx22
=0=0 xx22
=0=0
x = 0x = 0
§Ö§ã§ä§î 1 +
22xx22
+6+6xx=0=0 2x(x + 3) =0
x=0 §Ú§Ý§Ú x = - 3
§Ö§ã§ä§î 2 +
xx22
¨C 4 = 0¨C 4 = 0 xx22
== 44
x = ¡À¡Ì4x = ¡À¡Ì4
x=¡À2x=¡À2
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xx22
+ 6 = 0+ 6 = 0 xx22
= - 6= - 6 §ß§Ö§ä - ?
?§³§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ ¨C (§à§ä §Ô§â§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à sophisma ,
?§Þ§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ç§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó§í§Õ§å§Þ§Ü§Ñ, §å§Ý§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ?)
- §å§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö,
§à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü§å§ð-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§å§ð
§ß§Ö§Ý§Ö§á§à§ã§ä§î, §Ñ§Ò§ã§å§â§Õ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Õ§à§Ü§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö
§å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§Þ
§á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §³§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ
§á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ, §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú
§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ò§í §ß§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §ã§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ, §à§ß
§Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à
§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§ã§Ü§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü.
? §±§å§ã§ä§î §Ñ §Õ§Þ- §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §ã§á§Ú§é§Ü§Ú §Ú b §Õ§Þ - §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ
§ã§ä§à§Ý§Ò§Ñ. §²§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å b §Ú a §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù c
.
? §ª§Þ§Ö§Ö§Þ b - a = c, b = a + c. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ó§Ñ §ï§ä§Ú
§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ: b2
- ab = ca + c2
.
§£§í§é§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ù §à§Ò§Ö§Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û bc. §±§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Þ: b2
- ab - bc =
ca + c2
- bc, §Ú§Ý§Ú b(b - a - c) = - c(b - a - c), §à§ä§Ü§å§Õ§Ñ
? b = - c, §ß§à c = b - a, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å b = a - b, §Ú§Ý§Ú a = 2b.
§¤§Õ§Ö §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ñ???
§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ
§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú
§â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §å §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ:
?§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ñ§Ý§Ô§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð
§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§å, §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å,
§â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ö§Ö
§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ñ§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ö§Ö
§Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§í, §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î
§á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §à§Ò§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú.
§Þ§à§Û §á§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ô§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§á§í§ä §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú

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§Þ§à§Û §á§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ô§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§á§í§ä §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú

  • 2. ¡°§£§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î¡±. §¿§Õ§Ú§ã§à§ß
  • 3. ? §¯§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à. ? §°§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§Ü§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ú§ä. ? §³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §ã§à§á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§ç§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú; §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ú §ã§à§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú. ? §°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î , §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ô§à- §Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à; §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à/§é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§å§ð §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î/§Ó§Ö§ë§î. ? §¡§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §å§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú; §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §á§à §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§å §Ú§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ. ? §©§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§í §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó; §Ü§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à. ? §±§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§Û§Õ§×§ä §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ; §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à. ? §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö; §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §ä.§Õ. §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú; §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à, §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú; §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å §Ú§Ù §é§Ö§Ô§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
  • 4. ?§¬§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â ¨C §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ. ?§£ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ö - §ï§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ê§Ñ §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §ß§Ö§Ö §Ü§â§å§á§ß§í§Ö §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í, §ã§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ §Ú§ç §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ö§Û §ã §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Þ.
  • 6. §©§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §·§à§ä§Ú§Þ §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. §°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î 1. 2. 3.
  • 7. §©§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ §·§à§ä§Ú§Þ §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú ? §±§Ý§à§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ô§å§â§í: §ä§â§Ö§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü, §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä, §á§â§ñ§Þ§à§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü. ?§¦§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß §à§ä§â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§Ó: §Þ§Þ, §ã§Þ, §Õ§Þ, §Þ, §Ü§Þ. ?S§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Õ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ = §Ñ¡¤§Ñ=§Ñ? ?S§á§â§ñ§Þ§à§å§Ô .= §Ñ¡¤§Ó §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ, §Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. §¶§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß §â§×§Ò§Ö§â §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ì§×§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í. ? §°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú, §â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §Ö§× §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. ?§¶§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß §â§×§Ò§Ö§â. §°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î: §¬§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§ì§×§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§í§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§î §á§à§Ý§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §±§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç.
  • 8. §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 1 §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 2 §­§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö- §ß§Ú§ñ §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 3 §´§Ö§Þ§Ñ 4 ??? ??? ??? ??? ???
  • 10. !-? (!) - ¡°§å§Ø§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý¡±, (+) ¡°§ß§à§Ó§à§Ö¡±, (-) ¨C¡°§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ý §Ú§ß§Ñ§é§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý¡±, (?) - §ß§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§Ý, §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í
  • 11. ?§®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§Ü, §Õ§Ó§Ö §á§Ñ§â§í §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à (§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ) (+) ¨C §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Ö n-§å§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§Ý§à§ã§Ü§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç(!), §Ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö n §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û ¨C §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í (§Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú) (+). §³§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û, §ß§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ü§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú. (-) §±§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§å §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Õ§à§Ý§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §à§ä§â§Ö§Ù§Ü§Ñ (§â§Ö§Ò§â§Ñ). (?)
  • 13. ?§³§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ ¨C (§à§ä §Ô§â§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à sophisma , ?§Þ§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ç§Ú§ä§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó§í§Õ§å§Þ§Ü§Ñ, §å§Ý§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ?) - §å§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü§å§ð-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§å§ð §ß§Ö§Ý§Ö§á§à§ã§ä§î, §Ñ§Ò§ã§å§â§Õ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Õ§à§Ü§ã§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §³§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ, §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ò§í §ß§Ú §Ò§í§Ý §ã§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ, §à§ß §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§ã§Ü§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü.
  • 14. ? §±§å§ã§ä§î §Ñ §Õ§Þ- §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §ã§á§Ú§é§Ü§Ú §Ú b §Õ§Þ - §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ò§Ñ. §²§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å b §Ú a §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù c . ? §ª§Þ§Ö§Ö§Þ b - a = c, b = a + c. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ó§Ñ §ï§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ: b2 - ab = ca + c2 . §£§í§é§ä§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ù §à§Ò§Ö§Ú§ç §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û bc. §±§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Þ: b2 - ab - bc = ca + c2 - bc, §Ú§Ý§Ú b(b - a - c) = - c(b - a - c), §à§ä§Ü§å§Õ§Ñ ? b = - c, §ß§à c = b - a, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å b = a - b, §Ú§Ý§Ú a = 2b. §¤§Õ§Ö §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ü§Ñ???
  • 15. §ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §å §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ: ?§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ñ§Ý§Ô§à§â§Ú§ä§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§å, §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ö§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ñ§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ö§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§Ô§ß§à§Ù§í, §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §à§Ò§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú.