Как директору защититься от взыскания с него убытков
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Документ описывает четыре основных способа, которыми директор может защититься от взыскания убытков: действовать добросовестно и разумно, перераспределить обязанности среди сотрудников, заключить соглашение об ограничении ответственности и застраховать свою ответственность. Также рассматриваются аспекты добросовестности и разумности действий директора, важность документирования решений и возможность применения различных инструментов, таких как поручительства и независимые гарантии. Автор подчеркивает важность соблюдения законодательства и применения практики управления для защиты интересов директора.
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Как директору защититься от взыскания с него убытков
- 1. Как директору защититься от взыскания с него убытков Юлия Михальчук адвокат, www.corplaw.pro
- 2. Существует 4 основных способа, которые позволят директору избежать ответственности в виде взыскания с него убытков: 1. Действовать в интересах представляемого юридического лица добросовестно и разумно, а также соблюдать законодательство и формальности 2. Перераспределить обязанности на персонал компании 3. Заключить соглашение об устранении или ограничении ответственности 4. Застраховать свою ответственность
- 3. 1. Действовать в интересах корпорации добросовестно и разумно • Относиться к компании с позиции «это мой бизнес» • Принимать решения с экономическим обоснованием • Фиксировать каждое принятое решение в блокнот «по немецкой модели» • Сохранять документы и иные доказательства
- 4. Арбитражным судам следует давать оценку тому, насколько совершение того или иного действия входило или должно было, учитывая обычные условия делового оборота, входить в круг обязанностей директора, в том числе с учетом масштабов деятельности юридического лица, характера соответствующего действия и т.п.
- 5. В случаях недобросовестного и/или неразумного осуществления обязанностей по выбору и контролю за действиями/бездействием представителей, контрагентов по гражданско-правовым договорам, работников юридического лица, а также ненадлежащей организации системы управления юридическим лицом директор отвечает перед юридическим лицом за причиненные в результате этого убытки
- 6. При оценке добросовестности и разумности подобных действий (бездействия) директора арбитражные суды должны учитывать, входили или должны ли были, принимая во внимание обычную деловую практику и масштаб деятельности юридического лица, входить в круг непосредственных обязанностей директора такие выбор и контроль, в том числе не были ли направлены действия директора на уклонение от ответственности путем привлечения третьих лиц
- 7. 2. Перераспределить обязанности на персонал компании • Определить круг обязанностей директора и иных сотрудников • Организовать функционирование компании с учетом масштаба деятельности (штат, инфраструктура и пр.) • Заключить договоры о полной материальной ответственности с работниками • Принять локальные акты (должностные инструкции, регламенты, положения и т.д.) • Контролировать работников (степень подконтрольности, географический фактор и т.д.)
- 8. 3. Заключить соглашение об устранении или ограничении ответственности
- 9. ГК РФ позволяет заключить соглашение об устранении или ограничении ответственности руководителя или членов коллегиальных органов непубличной компании за совершение неразумных действий (п. 5 ст. 53.1 ГК РФ)
- 10. Форма фиксации • Устав • Корпоративный договор • Внутренний регламент • Решение общего собрания
- 11. Недобросовестность = умысел, то есть директор осознавал недобросовестность (=опасность для общества) своих действий (бездействия), предвидел возможность или неизбежность наступления неблагоприятных для общества последствий, сознательно допускал эти последствия, относился к ним безразлично либо желал их наступления
- 12. Неразумность = неосторожность, то есть директор 1) предвидел возможность наступления неблагоприятных для общества последствий от своих действий (бездействия), но без достаточных к тому оснований самонадеянно рассчитывал на предотвращение или ненаступление этих последствий либо 2) не предвидел возможности наступления неблагоприятных для общества последствий от своих действий (бездействия), хотя при необходимой внимательности и предусмотрительности должен был и мог предвидеть эти последствия
- 13. Какие есть альтернативные инструменты? 1. Поручительство 2. Независимая гарантия 3. Соглашение о переводе будущего долга
- 14. При банкротстве компании соглашение об устранении или ограничении ответственности действовать не будет
- 15. 4. Застраховать свою ответственность • Тенденция увеличения количества договоров страхования • Случаи обязательного страхования • Проблемы на практике
- 17. Благодарю за внимание! Юлия Михальчук, адвокат www.corplaw.pro