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漫談人工智慧
Jason Tsai (蔡志順) 2017.03.22
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神經元 (neuron) 示意圖
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神經元間的溝通之處
突觸 (synapse)
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跳耀式傳導 (saltatory conduction)
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動作電位 (action potential)
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皮質柱 (Cortical Column)
相同的接受域 (receptive field)
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皮質訊息傳送
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視覺皮質傳導路徑
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Hierarchical Sparse Distributed
Representations
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長期增益作用
(long-term potentiation, LTP)
?刺激輸入神經元而發生在突觸前神經元和突觸後
神經元信號傳輸產生一種持久的增強現象。
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海柏學習法則
(Hebb’s learning rule)
?突觸前神經元向突觸後神經元持續重複的刺激,
使得神經元之間的突觸強度增加。
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第一/二代人工神經元模型
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激活函數 (activation function)
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感知機 (perceptron) 模型
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多層感知機
(multi-layer perceptron)
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卷積神經網路
(convolutional neural networks)
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卷積神經網路
ConvNet / DeconvNet
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卷積神經網路
Convolutional layer
? Depth (D): filter (或稱 kernel) 組數
? Stride (S): 每一次 kernel 移動的間隔
? Zero padding (P): 每一輸入邊緣填 0 的
寬度
若以 W 表示輸入寬度大小,F 表示
filter 寬度大小, 卷積運算後 feature
map 的寬度大小公式為:
D 個 [(W - F + 2P) / S] + 1
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卷積神經網路
Convolutional layer
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卷積神經網路
Pooling layer
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卷積神經網路 Local receptive field,
Sparse connectivity
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卷積神經網路
Weight sharing
? 此處 w1 = w4 = w7, w2 = w5 = w8, w3 = w6 = w9
? 具有 translational invariance 的特性
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Deformable Convolutional Networks
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Deep residual networks (ResNet)
Highway networks:
y = H(x,WH)?T(x,WT)+x?C(x,WC), C(?)=1?T(?)
Residual networks:
T(?)=C(?)=1, y = H(x,WH)+x (同上圖 F(x)+x)
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ResNet in recurrent form
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Loopy neural networks
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DenseNet
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Feedback networks
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Sparsity: Sparse Coding (稀疏編碼) /
Sparse Representation / Dropout
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第三代人工神經元模型
Spiking Neural Networks (脈衝神經網
路)
SDTP (spike-timing-dependent plasticity)
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人工智慧大未來
Q & A
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