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٢
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‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
*‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻرﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻮرھﺎ‬
‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮف‬ ‫ارﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
١-‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ‫و‬
٢-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬٣‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬٧‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
3-7 m
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٧‫او‬٦‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬..‫واذا‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫زادت‬٧‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬.
*‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٣‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
٢-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬٣‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬٧‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
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‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
6m
3m
6m
3m
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
٣-‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬
٤-‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎاﻟﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬(
‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
٤-‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎاﻟﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬(
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C 1
B 1
B2
B 1
B2
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C1‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬B1‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰة‬B2
٥-‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬
٦-‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬
‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
٦-‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺒﺎك‬
‫ﺑﺎب‬
•‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
•‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
•‫ﺷﺒﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬
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‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬)‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬..‫ﻻن‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬eccentricity of load
٧-‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة‬ ‫اﻻدوات‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬)‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬(‫اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬:
‫دورﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬)‫دورﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫اى‬(
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬100*80‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬100*70‫وﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬90* 70‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬
٨-‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫اﻻول‬
‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
:‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ : ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬
‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬١٠٠*٨٠
‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٨٠
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠
‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬١٠٠*٨٠
‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٦٠
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٥٠
‫ﺍﻭ‬
( ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫)ﺑﻤﺎ‬
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‫اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬:
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١:
‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١-‫أ‬(‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺋﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬.
‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١-‫ب‬(‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬=‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬.
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬٢:
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫أ‬(:‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ب‬(:‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C.G‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬C.G‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ج‬: (‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C.G‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬C.G‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬.
٩-‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)١-‫أ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)١-‫ب‬(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬٢
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫أ‬(
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ب‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ج‬(
٨
٩
‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬.
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬٣٦‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ذادت‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬)‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬(‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬‫وﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ‬
١٠
B 1
B2
B 1
B2
‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮاﺗﯿﻦ‬B1 , B2‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬
cantilever beams‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬.
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬B1 , B2‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻜﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬B1
‫واﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬B2‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬.
‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻻﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬٢‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬
١١
‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺣﺬر‬loop system‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬
‫ھﻜﺬا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﺣﺬر‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
١٢
١٣
solid slabs ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٣٦‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
١٤
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬
solid slabs ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
١٥
flat slabs ‫اﻟﻼﻛﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
١٦
Hollow blocks slabs ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
١٧
Hollow blocks slabs ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
١٨
Panelled beams ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
١٩
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺴﺄﻟﻜﻢ‬
٢٠
‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬

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خطوات تحويل مسقط معمارى الى مسقط انشائى ( الاعمدة و الكمرات و البلاطات)

  • 1. ١
  • 2. ٢
  • 3. ٣
  • 4. ‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ *‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻرﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻮرھﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮف‬ ‫ارﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ١-‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ٢-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬٣‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬٧‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ 3-7 m ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٧‫او‬٦‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬..‫واذا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫زادت‬٧‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺧﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺪ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬. *‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٣‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺪث‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ٢-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬٣‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫م‬٧‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ٤
  • 5. ‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ 6m 3m 6m 3m ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ٣-‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ٤-‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎاﻟﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬( ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ٤-‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻜﻮاﺑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺎاﻟﺔ‬)‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬( ٥
  • 6. C 1 B 1 B2 B 1 B2 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C1‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻏﻮب‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫وھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎء‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬B1‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰة‬B2 ٥-‫ﻋﺪم‬‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ٦-‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬ ‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ٦-‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎك‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬ •‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ •‫اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮوز‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ •‫ﺷﺒﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ٦
  • 7. ‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬)‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫وﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬..‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬eccentricity of load ٧-‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة‬ ‫اﻻدوات‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬)‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻻدوار‬(‫اﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺿﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬: ‫دورﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬)‫دورﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻈﻞ‬ ‫اى‬( ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫اى‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻠﻞ‬100*80‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬100*70‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬90* 70‫ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ٨-‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ :‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ : ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‬ ‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬١٠٠*٨٠ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٨٠ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠ ‫اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪور‬١٠٠*٨٠ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٧٠ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٦٠ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١٠٠*٥٠ ‫ﺍﻭ‬ ( ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ ‫)ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ٧
  • 8. ‫اﻻﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺒﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻰ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬: ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬١: ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١-‫أ‬(‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺋﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬. ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١-‫ب‬(‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬=‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬. ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬٢: ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫أ‬(:‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ب‬(:‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C.G‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬C.G‫ﻋﺰم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺮوخ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ج‬: (‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬C.G‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬C.G‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬. ٩-‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫واﺗﺠﺎھﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬١ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)١-‫أ‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)١-‫ب‬( ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬٢ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫أ‬( ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ب‬(‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬)٢-‫ج‬( ٨
  • 9. ٩
  • 10. ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬. ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬٣٦‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ذادت‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫وﺿﻊ‬ ‫اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬)‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬(‫ﯾﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬‫وﻋﺮﺿﮭﺎ‬ ١٠
  • 11. B 1 B2 B 1 B2 ‫اﻻوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮاﺗﯿﻦ‬B1 , B2‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬ cantilever beams‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬. ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬B1 , B2‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻜﺎز‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮات‬B1 ‫واﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬B2‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬. ‫ﻋﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫ھﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻗﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬٢‫ﻛﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ١١
  • 12. ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺣﺬر‬loop system‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ھﻜﺬا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﺣﺬر‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬ ١٢
  • 13. ١٣
  • 14. solid slabs ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬٣٦‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ١٤
  • 16. flat slabs ‫اﻟﻼﻛﻤﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ١٦
  • 17. Hollow blocks slabs ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ١٧
  • 18. Hollow blocks slabs ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ١٨
  • 19. Panelled beams ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ١٩
  • 20. ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺴﺄﻟﻜﻢ‬ ٢٠ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬