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Stall Rest Handout for Horses

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Dane Tatarniuk
Dane Tatarniuk

Ideas to help manage horses that are placed on stall rest by their veterinarians for recovery from an injury.

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Stall rest : How to stay sane? Erin Malone, DVM ACVS Surgeon Your vet has prescribed stall rest. You know it is needed; however, you can only envision the worst: a restless unhappy horse, a destroyed stall, dangerous hand walking, angry looks from the barn manager, and lost sleep. Is the cure worse than the disease? For some horses, it definitely seems that way. Stall rest is a necessary evil Horses are not great at self-protection. They arent even good at self-protection. The tendon may be healing nicely during the summer months when everyone is too hot to do more than mosey to the next patch of grass. But when a nice cool autumn afternoon arrives, off they go-- galloping, cartwheeling, bucking and kicking. Unfortunately the tendon isnt ready for more than a gentle walk and you are back to the beginning. Optimum healing requires controlled exercise and minimizing reinjury. So to get your horse back to work, you are often facing a combination of stall rest and hand walking. The following suggestions may help you all survive! Natural lighting and fresh air makes us all feel better Stalls come in lots of shapes and sizes. In general, stall rest means limited movement or no trotting. It will be important to know the exact limitations required for your horse. If he is wearing a cast, movement is bad. For most conditions, walking would be acceptable and the stall rest is designed to keep them at a quieter pace. Consider outdoor stalls or pens the size of stalls. Can you add windows to an indoor stall? Can your horse have a stall near a low traffic door instead of the back corner of the barn? Near the wash stalls or farrier area so there is always something to watch? Keep in mind your horses needs. Some need more activity while others prefer some down time. And if traffic means all the horses pass by on their way outside while leaving your buddy behind that might be more damaging to morale than helpful. Misery loves company Visitors are allowed! Can another horse stay inside as well? If need be, the companion horse can be a different one each day. No other horses? How about a pet? Horses can do well with a friend : chickens and goats can actually share a stall. People work as pets too. Can the other people in the barn stop by and say hi as often as possible? Is there a girl scout troop that wants to get their horsemanship badge by practicing grooming your horse? Or a 4H group that can practice taking vital signs (TPRs) using the patient? Boredom busters Many horses learn new skills by entertaining themselves. You might want to pick the skills versus having your horse learn to untie your shoelaces. Think like the zoos : while your horse may not find fish frozen in ice cubes a delicious snacks, is there a way to make him work for his treat? Toys to pick on can be another way to relieve frustrations. Stuffed animals, playground balls and traffic cones can work as can the official horse toys. Music and unbreakable mirrors can also be soothing to some horses.
Experiment and see if he prefers the oldies station or the classics (note : blaring hard rock is not usually relaxing). Better living through chemistry There are drugs available to help calm anxious horses. Some of the anti-anxiety drugs have the opposite effects in a subpopulation of horses so check with your veterinarian on all medications. Reserpine is a human drug that is often used for horse sedation; the main side effect is diarrhea but it isnt common. There are other products that are purported to help (B vitamins, magnesium sulfate, herbal combinations) and may be worth evaluating. Check with your veterinarian first, particularly if your horse is on other medications as they can interact and almost all are dangerous if overdosed. Stall rest not stall restricted If your horse doesnt have a fracture or isnt wearing a cast, ask about handwalking. This can be one way to keep the heebie jeebies away. Horses can often be handwalked or handgrazed. If he is acting up or is too dangerous, consider having someone else walk him (they are often better behaved). Or walk with a buddy : Have a friend walk a calm horse with you to show how it is done. If he is doing well, others may be able to take him out additional times. Is there a mom that would be happy to stand with him during a kids lesson or maybe he can even stand in the middle of the arena with the instructor! As you get further into rehabilitation, you may even be able to pony him or ride him at walk. Riding your calm, stable older horse while leading your convalescing horse means all three of you can go on a trail ride. Watch the diet Dont forget to adjust the diet based upon the change in activity. Your horse probably doesnt need many calories to maintain his weight while on stall rest. If he needs to gain weight, avoid the carbohydrates. They add energy as well and will only increase the restlessness. Try to use fat calories (Re-leve, corn oil). These allow horses to gain weight more readily and tend to have a calming effect in addition. Furthermore, eating is a good activity. Use lower energy grass hay as the primary staple of the diet and try to ensure he always has some in front of him. Hay nets (sometimes even doubled) can help make it a little more effort and slow down the process! Dont forget to use a ration balancer to ensure he is getting the vitamins and minerals he needs for proper healing! Ready to limbo? While stall rest can help injured tissues heal, it can make other tissues unhappy. Muscles and joints get stiff, especially in older horses with arthritis. Massage can help keep the joints limber and it feels good. What a day brightener! Have your vet show you some stretching exercises to maintain joint range of motion and mobility. You do need to ensure that all exercises are safe for your horses injury. With some regular work, he may be more limber when you finish the recovery than when he started. While you are at it, ask for extra bedding. The extra cushion can really help you are standing around all day and make naps much more comfy.
Fly feeding frenzy Bugs like barns. Without a nice breeze or a companions tail, they can be more bothersome than usual. Add boredom to that and they can quickly drive your patient crazy. Fans, fly sheets and repellants can help minimize the annoyance. Worth waiting for! Keep him on a schedule as much as possible and keep his routine as close to normal as possible. Did you usually groom him in the crossties prior to a ride? No need to change that part- he can still be groomed there! Regular activities help the time pass faster. Kill two birds with one stone Is there ground training you have been wanting to do but havent had time? How about getting him used to driving reins or the horse eating barrels? Maybe now is the time to teach him to ground tie! Good for his brain and you both move forward with new skills. Consider a rehabilitation farm One way to make sure your horse isnt the only one is to board at a rehabilitation facility. These barns are used to the restrictions and there is usually lots of company inside! Sometimes the new environment helps make the transition easier. Plus, the staff will tend to be better able to tough it out and follow the veterinarians instructions as they are less likely to give in to that soulful look that he knows works on you. Still frustrated? Talk to your veterinarian. There may be a middle ground that is safer for your horse than strict stall rest or total freedom! Dont forget to monitor his health and yours Changes in activity make a horse more prone to colics and stall rest can make them more prone to stomach ulcers. Be sure to monitor his manure, appetite and attitude closely and consider a stomach protectant. Watch the barn ventilation as well : make sure the bedding is cleaned frequently and good airflow exists to minimize the risk of respiratory irritants Dont forget to take care of yourself : ask a friend to spell you or hire the horse crazy high school kid to give you a break from the caretaker role! Transitioning out When the stall rest is over, try to minimize any risk of reinjury on turnout. Your horse has lost some condition, is likely to be overexcited and may need to reassert his role in the herd. Consider: * Dont feed the horses until they are outside : gives them something else to think about! *Turn out with one or two buddies vs the whole herd * Sedate first (acepromazine can work well to help mellow out the return the first few days) *Turn out during the heat of the day : everyone moves a little slower
*Supervise turnout and start with just a few hours. You can pull them back in if it is too exciting *Dont turn out into a lush pasture due to the risk of laminitis *Start small : the arena or small paddock may be better than the back 40 acres. *Avoid round pens or paddocks with rounded corners they just encourage running in circles and that is hard on a healthy body, much less one that is out of shape! Corners tend to make them stop. Rebuild slowly. Dont forget he has lost muscle tone and cant do as much as he used to right away. Keep up your stretching exercises and avoid repetition until he has his strength back. Unless you are working with a specialized rehabilitation program (eg aquatreadmill) or found a way to keep his muscles tone during the layup, plan on at least 3 months of gradual return to work, longer if he was stall rested for more than 3 weeks. Recheck radiographs and ultrasound are often useful to ensure you are moving as fast as possible without causing reinjury. With patience, time and attention to details, you will give your best friend the best chance of coming back as good as new!

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Stall Rest Handout for Horses

  • 1. Stall rest : How to stay sane? Erin Malone, DVM ACVS Surgeon Your vet has prescribed stall rest. You know it is needed; however, you can only envision the worst: a restless unhappy horse, a destroyed stall, dangerous hand walking, angry looks from the barn manager, and lost sleep. Is the cure worse than the disease? For some horses, it definitely seems that way. Stall rest is a necessary evil Horses are not great at self-protection. They arent even good at self-protection. The tendon may be healing nicely during the summer months when everyone is too hot to do more than mosey to the next patch of grass. But when a nice cool autumn afternoon arrives, off they go-- galloping, cartwheeling, bucking and kicking. Unfortunately the tendon isnt ready for more than a gentle walk and you are back to the beginning. Optimum healing requires controlled exercise and minimizing reinjury. So to get your horse back to work, you are often facing a combination of stall rest and hand walking. The following suggestions may help you all survive! Natural lighting and fresh air makes us all feel better Stalls come in lots of shapes and sizes. In general, stall rest means limited movement or no trotting. It will be important to know the exact limitations required for your horse. If he is wearing a cast, movement is bad. For most conditions, walking would be acceptable and the stall rest is designed to keep them at a quieter pace. Consider outdoor stalls or pens the size of stalls. Can you add windows to an indoor stall? Can your horse have a stall near a low traffic door instead of the back corner of the barn? Near the wash stalls or farrier area so there is always something to watch? Keep in mind your horses needs. Some need more activity while others prefer some down time. And if traffic means all the horses pass by on their way outside while leaving your buddy behind that might be more damaging to morale than helpful. Misery loves company Visitors are allowed! Can another horse stay inside as well? If need be, the companion horse can be a different one each day. No other horses? How about a pet? Horses can do well with a friend : chickens and goats can actually share a stall. People work as pets too. Can the other people in the barn stop by and say hi as often as possible? Is there a girl scout troop that wants to get their horsemanship badge by practicing grooming your horse? Or a 4H group that can practice taking vital signs (TPRs) using the patient? Boredom busters Many horses learn new skills by entertaining themselves. You might want to pick the skills versus having your horse learn to untie your shoelaces. Think like the zoos : while your horse may not find fish frozen in ice cubes a delicious snacks, is there a way to make him work for his treat? Toys to pick on can be another way to relieve frustrations. Stuffed animals, playground balls and traffic cones can work as can the official horse toys. Music and unbreakable mirrors can also be soothing to some horses.
  • 2. Experiment and see if he prefers the oldies station or the classics (note : blaring hard rock is not usually relaxing). Better living through chemistry There are drugs available to help calm anxious horses. Some of the anti-anxiety drugs have the opposite effects in a subpopulation of horses so check with your veterinarian on all medications. Reserpine is a human drug that is often used for horse sedation; the main side effect is diarrhea but it isnt common. There are other products that are purported to help (B vitamins, magnesium sulfate, herbal combinations) and may be worth evaluating. Check with your veterinarian first, particularly if your horse is on other medications as they can interact and almost all are dangerous if overdosed. Stall rest not stall restricted If your horse doesnt have a fracture or isnt wearing a cast, ask about handwalking. This can be one way to keep the heebie jeebies away. Horses can often be handwalked or handgrazed. If he is acting up or is too dangerous, consider having someone else walk him (they are often better behaved). Or walk with a buddy : Have a friend walk a calm horse with you to show how it is done. If he is doing well, others may be able to take him out additional times. Is there a mom that would be happy to stand with him during a kids lesson or maybe he can even stand in the middle of the arena with the instructor! As you get further into rehabilitation, you may even be able to pony him or ride him at walk. Riding your calm, stable older horse while leading your convalescing horse means all three of you can go on a trail ride. Watch the diet Dont forget to adjust the diet based upon the change in activity. Your horse probably doesnt need many calories to maintain his weight while on stall rest. If he needs to gain weight, avoid the carbohydrates. They add energy as well and will only increase the restlessness. Try to use fat calories (Re-leve, corn oil). These allow horses to gain weight more readily and tend to have a calming effect in addition. Furthermore, eating is a good activity. Use lower energy grass hay as the primary staple of the diet and try to ensure he always has some in front of him. Hay nets (sometimes even doubled) can help make it a little more effort and slow down the process! Dont forget to use a ration balancer to ensure he is getting the vitamins and minerals he needs for proper healing! Ready to limbo? While stall rest can help injured tissues heal, it can make other tissues unhappy. Muscles and joints get stiff, especially in older horses with arthritis. Massage can help keep the joints limber and it feels good. What a day brightener! Have your vet show you some stretching exercises to maintain joint range of motion and mobility. You do need to ensure that all exercises are safe for your horses injury. With some regular work, he may be more limber when you finish the recovery than when he started. While you are at it, ask for extra bedding. The extra cushion can really help you are standing around all day and make naps much more comfy.
  • 3. Fly feeding frenzy Bugs like barns. Without a nice breeze or a companions tail, they can be more bothersome than usual. Add boredom to that and they can quickly drive your patient crazy. Fans, fly sheets and repellants can help minimize the annoyance. Worth waiting for! Keep him on a schedule as much as possible and keep his routine as close to normal as possible. Did you usually groom him in the crossties prior to a ride? No need to change that part- he can still be groomed there! Regular activities help the time pass faster. Kill two birds with one stone Is there ground training you have been wanting to do but havent had time? How about getting him used to driving reins or the horse eating barrels? Maybe now is the time to teach him to ground tie! Good for his brain and you both move forward with new skills. Consider a rehabilitation farm One way to make sure your horse isnt the only one is to board at a rehabilitation facility. These barns are used to the restrictions and there is usually lots of company inside! Sometimes the new environment helps make the transition easier. Plus, the staff will tend to be better able to tough it out and follow the veterinarians instructions as they are less likely to give in to that soulful look that he knows works on you. Still frustrated? Talk to your veterinarian. There may be a middle ground that is safer for your horse than strict stall rest or total freedom! Dont forget to monitor his health and yours Changes in activity make a horse more prone to colics and stall rest can make them more prone to stomach ulcers. Be sure to monitor his manure, appetite and attitude closely and consider a stomach protectant. Watch the barn ventilation as well : make sure the bedding is cleaned frequently and good airflow exists to minimize the risk of respiratory irritants Dont forget to take care of yourself : ask a friend to spell you or hire the horse crazy high school kid to give you a break from the caretaker role! Transitioning out When the stall rest is over, try to minimize any risk of reinjury on turnout. Your horse has lost some condition, is likely to be overexcited and may need to reassert his role in the herd. Consider: * Dont feed the horses until they are outside : gives them something else to think about! *Turn out with one or two buddies vs the whole herd * Sedate first (acepromazine can work well to help mellow out the return the first few days) *Turn out during the heat of the day : everyone moves a little slower
  • 4. *Supervise turnout and start with just a few hours. You can pull them back in if it is too exciting *Dont turn out into a lush pasture due to the risk of laminitis *Start small : the arena or small paddock may be better than the back 40 acres. *Avoid round pens or paddocks with rounded corners they just encourage running in circles and that is hard on a healthy body, much less one that is out of shape! Corners tend to make them stop. Rebuild slowly. Dont forget he has lost muscle tone and cant do as much as he used to right away. Keep up your stretching exercises and avoid repetition until he has his strength back. Unless you are working with a specialized rehabilitation program (eg aquatreadmill) or found a way to keep his muscles tone during the layup, plan on at least 3 months of gradual return to work, longer if he was stall rested for more than 3 weeks. Recheck radiographs and ultrasound are often useful to ensure you are moving as fast as possible without causing reinjury. With patience, time and attention to details, you will give your best friend the best chance of coming back as good as new!