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S TARing a trans-national NETwork of regional research-driven marine clusters Dragan ?i?i? Pomorski fakultet u Rijeci , Marcello Guaiana Consorzio per l’AREA di Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica di Trieste , Antje Klaesner Innova S.p.A Roma

Concept and objectives The European Union depends to a great extent on the maritime industry sector and, consequently, also on the shipbuilding. shipbuilding industry is in fact an important and strategic sector in a number of EU member states and for the European Community as a whole. European shipbuilding industry is confronted with competitors coming from the Far East (mainly China, Korea and Japan), the global leader in the construction of complex vessels such as cruise ships, ferries, mega-yachts and dredgers, European marine equipment industry is world leader for a wide range of products, from large diesel engines to electronics

Concept and objectives annual turnover of the EU shipbuilding industry is more than EUR 11.5 billion and the about 350.000 people who are directly employed by yards and the marine equipment industry Looking into the future, the competitive advantage of the European Union in the maritime industry sector has to be sustained and depends mainly on the sector’s performance, its flexibility and continuation of competitiveness. S uperior position of the EU will be best maintained through the development of high-tech solutions

Concept and objectives The STARNETregio project has been conceived to increase the overall capacity of regional players in the regions Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy), Slovenia and the County of Primorsko goranska (Croatia) to invest in RTD and carry out research activities in the marine industry, strengthening and developing the sector’s scientific and technological basis and ultimately the economic growth of the regions. “ regional research-driven marine clusters”, based on the triple helix model, associating universities and research centres (RTD), enterprises (industry cluster) and public regional authorities (PA)

Project partners Consorzio per l’AREA di Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica di Trieste (AREA) ITALY Consorzio per l’alta ricerca navale (RINAVE) ITALY Fincantieri Cantieri Navali Italiani SpA (Fincantieri) ITALY INFORMEST - Service and documentation center for international economic cooperation S.p.A. (Informest) ITALY Innova S.p.A. (Innova) ITALY The Public Agency for Technology of the Republic of Slovenia (TIA) SLOVENIA University of Ljubljana – Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport (FMST) SLOVENIA Luka Koper, port and logistic system, d.d. SLOVENIA Regionalna razvojna agencija Porin d.o.o. (Porin) CROATIA Pomorski fakultet u Rijeci (PFRI) CROATIA Megaflex-cijevni sustavi d.o.o. (Megaflex) CROATIA Teri-Crotek d.o.o. CROATIA

Maritime cluster As defined in Dynamic European Maritime Clusters IOS Press ISBN 1-58603-684-X, we have addopted seven parts of maritime cluster ? Manufacturing Transportation Resources Services Leisure and tourism Public sector and Research

Maritime cluster Manufacturing Shipbuilding Boatbuilding and repair Transportation Ports and terminals Shipping Inland terminals Resources Fishing Fisheries and aquaculture Sea technology Services Brokers and agents Logistics Pilotage Leisure and tourism Cruising Litoral activities Yachting and marinas Public sector Education and training Hidrography Coast Guard NGO’s Trade Unions Research Universities Institutions Consultancy

Project rationale Italy, Slovenia and Croatia have strong maritime companies, based on centuries of involvement in shipbuilding, shipping and trade. M aritime companies have modified their structures constantly to the alterations in international trade and foreign competition, constantly being among best European and sometimes even global players. Maritime industry in region is fragmented and is working hard to survive, especially in current recession. Possible solution of the problem is creation of Regional maritime cluster and creation of truly regional maritime space.

We need 4 different critical conditions satisfied Proximity ; they need to be sufficiently close to permit any positive spill-overs and the sharing of common resources to occur Linkages ; their activities need to share a common aspiration, for example, final market share Interactions ; being close and working on related issues is not sufficient – for constructive cluster effects to occur some level of active relationship has to be present Critical mass ; there needs to be sufficient number of participants present in the connections to have a meaningful impact on companies’ performance

Intermedia te Results Current status of Maritime industry in project EuroRegion Reports on all three regions SWAT analysis for all three regions We will present dana for Primorsko Goranska county – other reports could be downloaded from site: www.starnetregio.eu

SWOT Primorska-goranska County – Maritime research community Strengths Weaknesses Strong maritime research and wide research potential (in fields such as marine engineering, marine electronics, maritime transportation and nautical science) Continuity of research projects, also with international clients Good collaboration between selected researchers and industrial sector Lack of commercialisation of innovations (supported only until the phase of patent or prototype) Poor IT infrastructure and web access Lack of interaction of researchers with the industrial sector

SWOT Primorska-goranska County – Maritime research community Opportunities Threats Good institutional framework, supporting participation to EU programmes and projects Innovation exhibition each year with grant for best innovation Organisational restructuring of regional research institutions SteP Ri, supporting technology transfer Croatian accession to the EU expected before 2010 will open up new possibilities for research cooperation No common RTD and innovation strategy for the maritime sector, thus no clear vision on the sector’s development in the future Poor governmental and industrial financial input into the research sector Low acceptance of research results in industry Lack of intermediate organisations supporting TT and IP protection Diminished interest in shipbuilding and engineering university studies

SWOT Primorska-goranska County – Maritime industrial community Strengths Weaknesses High accomplishments of small ship constructors Strong competences in machinery production and marine equipment Cluster association of medium-sized companies Strong exporting in shipbuilding and ship repair sector Low competitiveness of companies/ SMEs due to lack of specialisation Public ownership of shipyards (3.MAJ, KRALJEVICA) No bargaining power of SMEs towards shipyards Unsuitable technical and technological equipment

SWOT Primorska-goranska County – Maritime industrial community Opportunities Threats Well developed network of institutional support of SMEs Clustering activities among small ship producers support the acquisition of projects, financing, product specialisation, and foreign market penetration Croatian accession to the EU expected before 2010 will accelerate the restructuring process and implementation of reforms SteP Ri, supporting TT and IPR protection No common RTD and innovation strategy for the maritime industry (no political support) Inconsistent legal decisions in the sector Public ownership of shipyards and ports hampers free market economy Lack of intermediate institutions supporting technology transfer

SWOT – Primorska-goranska County – main results Good market results on domestic and foreign markets, especially in the field of s mall ship construction Low competitiveness of companies/ SMEs due to missing specialisation Public ownership of shipyards (3.MAJ, Kraljevica), thus no influence on their development Cluster association of medium-sized companies but lack of connections and strong policy towards shipyards No clear vision on the sector’s development in the future

SWOT – Primorska-goranska County – main results Well developed network of supporting institutions for SMEs Good connection between institutional organisations Innovations supported up to the prototype stage, but lack of support in commercialisation Academic cooperation agreements with foreign universities No intermediate institutions connecting economy with research activities accomplished in universities and supporting the transfer to the market

Regional Impact – Primorska-goranska County Shipbuilding represents one of the most important Croatian industries (12% share in total export) County level: shipbuilding industry is the last big industrial branch that remained on the market after transition process and privatisation, but finished 2007 with losses The maritime industry is considered as underdeveloped due to: Unsuitable technical and technological equipments Absence of an organised maritime policy Not following of European and world tendencies in maritime affairs Inconsistent legal decisions in the sector Lack of coordination of developing particular segments of the maritime system

Regional Impact – Primorska-goranska County County is strong in shipbuilding and ship repair (especially with regard to exporting) Rapid development of nautical tourism and availability of modern materials has generated great interest in building, repair and maintenance of leisure boats and ships The unclear vision of the sector in the future represents an obstacle in the economic development of the maritime industry No institution/initiative dedicated to the maritime industry reduces the sector’s importance and thus hampers its development No influence on the sector’s development due to public ownership of shipyards and ports (hindering for free market economy) No bargaining power of SMEs towards shipyards Croatian accession to the EU will open new ways for collaboration Great Recession started in 2007 endangers the positive development of the maritime industry!

Regional Impact – Primorska-goranska County Recommended actions: Political support necessary, regional/national programme for the maritime industry Restructuring of shipbuilding industry necessary in order to increase productivity, efficiency, flexibility of operations, technological renewal, introduction of innovations in production processes, improvement of management processes Modernisation of production process of shipyards, d evelopment of a clear link between practical skills and management techniques (focus on quality) Adaptation to market needs and reduction of political dependencies Port modernisation of the Port of Rijeka and concession assignments to domestic and foreign investors

Regional Impact – Primorska-goranska County Recommended actions: Professional cluster manager for association needed Intermediate institutions for technology transfer necessary University of Rijeka, represents one of the main pillar for boosting the sector’s development, since nominated as main institution for project development Awareness raising for shipbuilding and engineering university studies Intensify international cooperation with scientific research institutions Operation and efficient functioning of SteP Ri, offering IP transfer and protection, licensing and incubation

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