Stem cell transplantation
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Stem cell transplantation replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones. It has a history dating back to the mid-19th century when it was discovered that marrow was the source of blood cells. Modern stem cell transplantation uses stem cells from three sources: peripheral blood, marrow, or umbilical cord. The types of transplantation are syngeneic using identical twins, autologous using one's own stem cells, and allogeneic using donor stem cells which can cause graft-versus-host disease. Stem cell transplantation treats conditions like blood disorders and cancers.
Stem cell transplantation
- 3. STEM CELL BASIC HUMAN CELLS That can continuously produce unaltered daughters. Also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties Procedure that replaces unhealthy cells with healthy ones is called as STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
- 4. STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION stem for all Degenerative disorders NOW
- 5. HISTORY Mid 19th century Marrow was the source of blood cells. It is just a chemical factor - transferred by eating the marrow. 20th century - Formulate the idea that a small number of cells in the marrow might be responsible for the development of all blood cells. They began to refer to them as stem cells. End of world war-II Scientific exploration of marrow transplantation began
- 6. STEM CELL SOURCES Transplants can come from three sources: PERIPHERAL BLOOD MARROW UMBILICAL CORD
- 7. MARROW Advantages Cells can be frozen for years Retain stem cells. Good number of stem cells. Disadvantages Donor has to undergo several health examination Surgical procedure Donors body replaces the donated bone marrow in four to six weeks that makes immunologically weak.
- 8. PERIPHERAL BLOOD Advantages Released from the marrow into the blood. Easy to collect It dont need any surgical process. No recovery period. Disadvantages Small number
- 9. UMBILICAL CORD Advantages Cord Blood Transplants May Result In Less GVHD. Collection & storage is easy &possible Disadvantages Less availability Tissue rejection
- 10. TYPES OF TRANSPLANTATION Syngeneic transplantation Autologous stem cell infusion (autotransplant) Allogeneic transplantation
- 11. SYNGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION Donor and recipient are identical twins, with identical genetic make up & same tissue type No treatments are needed to prevent GVHD
- 12. AUTOLOGOUS STEM CELL INFUSION (AUTOTRANSPLANT) Technique that obtains stem cells from an individuals blood or marrow & then infuses them back into the same individual. Principal concerns are that- Number of stem cells harvested is adequate to obtain full engraftment when returned to the patient. Insufficient contaminating tumor cells in the autograph to reestablish the tumor in the patient.
- 13. AUTOTRANSPLANT
- 14. ALLOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION Technique of transplant with donor cells. Two types donors- Related Allogenic donors(sibling donors) Unrelated Allogenic donors this is also called transplantation from a matched unrelated donor(MUD)
- 16. GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE Acceptability between donor & patient stem cell is expressed as GVHD. It may be Acute Chronic This can be identified with..
- 17. SIGNS ARE USUALLY Rash Blistering Jaundice Loss of apetite Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Abnormal cramps
- 18. TREATMENT FOR GVHD Chemotherapy Immuno suppressants
- 19. ADVERSE EFFECTS Gastrointestinal tract : Ulcers & dysfunction of GIT occur frequently. Skin: Rashes may develop. Hair follicles: Hair loss occurs temporary Lungs: Pneumonia Blood vessels: Inflammation-damaged blood vessels Liver : Jaundice
- 20. APPLICATIONS Treat inherited blood disorders- Sickle cell disease Thalassemia Abnormal monocytes Cancer Bone marrow Blood
- 21. SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL EFFECTS PRACTICAL CHALLENGES- FINANCES DEPRESSION