Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, carrier image, or video. It can be used to hide messages in text, images, and audio files. Common techniques for images involve least significant bit insertion and masking/filtering. For audio, methods include low-bit encoding, phase coding, and echo data hiding. Steganalysis aims to detect hidden communications by looking for statistical changes in carrier files introduced during information hiding.
3. The goal of steganography is to hide messages in such a
way that no one apart from the intended recipient even
knows that a message has been sent.
This can be achieve by concealing the existence of
information within seemingly harmless carriers or cover
It can be understand by the following figure.
6. It involves three types of coding:
Line-Shift Coding : Here, text lines are vertically shifted to
encode the document uniquely.
Word-Shift Coding : The codewords are coded into a
document by shifting the horizontal locations of words within
text lines, while maintaining a natural spacing appearance.
Feature Coding : In feature coding, certain text features are
altered, or not altered, depending on the codeword.
7. Image Compression:
Image compression offers a solution to large image files. Two kinds of image
compression are lossless and lossy compression. Both methods save
storage space but have differing effects on any uncompressed hidden data
in theimage.
Lossy JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group) format files, offers high
compression, but may not maintain the original image's integrity. Hence it is called
lossy.
Lossless compression maintains the original image data exactly, It is thus more
favored by steganographic techniques. Eg: (BMP ),(GIF) Formats.
8. Image Encoding Techniques
The most common approaches to information hiding in images :
Least Significant bit insertion :
Masking and Filtering :
Algorithms and transformations :
10. Transmission medium :
Benders transmission environments
Digital end-to-end environment.
Increased/decreased resampling environment.
Analog transmission and resampling.
''Over the air'' environment.
11. Methods of Audio Data Hiding
Low-bit encoding :
Phase coding :
Echo data hiding :
12. Steganalysis is the art and science of detecting a
secret communication.
Hiding a message will most likely leave
detectable traces in the cover medium.
The information hiding process changes the
statistical properties of the cover, which is a
steganalyst attempts to detect.
The process of attempting to detect statistical
traces is called statistical steganalysis.
13. IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF STEGANALYSIS
DETECTING HIDDEN INFORMATION
DISABLING STEGANOGRAPHY