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stepper motor control.pptx

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Mastan Reddy

This document discusses stepper motors, including their classification, operating principles, torque characteristics, and applications. Stepper motors are classified as permanent magnet, variable reluctance, or hybrid. Permanent magnet stepper motors use attraction and repulsion of magnets to generate torque, while variable reluctance motors use uneven air gaps. Torque characteristics include holding, pull-out, pull-in, and detent torque. Stepper motors are used in applications such as printers, CNC machines, and robotics due to their precise positioning ability.

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STEPPER MOTORS
CONTENTS Stepper motor introduction Classification Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors torque characteristics associated with stepper motors Drive circuits for stepper motors Advantages & Disadvantages Of Stepper Motors Applications of stepper motors
What Is Stepper Motor ? Stepper or Stepping motor can be considered as a Digital Electro-mechanical Device
stepper motor control.pptx
Digital Electro-mechanical Device But, Control is not in our hands Replace the Magnets with Electro-Magnets
Stepper motor is a digital electro-mechanical device which converts Electrical Pulses into Discrete Mechanical Motion
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
Permanent magnet stepper motors
Driving Modes Of Stepper Motor
B A A B
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
Disk-type permanent magnet stepper motors
Disk-type permanent magnet stepper motors
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
Variable reluctance stepper motors What is Reluctance ? Electrical Domain: Resistance The property of a conductor by virtue of which it opposes the flow of electric current through it is called resistance. Resistance opposes Current Magnetic Domain: Reluctance Reluctance opposes Flux Speed breaker opposes speed of the Vehicle
stepper motor control.pptx
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor Create High and Low Reluctance areas
Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor
In Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors, Attraction and Repulsion forces were used for generating Torque. In Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors, Un even air gaps were used for generating Torque. Reluctance Torque
stepper motor control.pptx
Variable reluctance stepper motors
Step Angle
stepper motor control.pptx
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
Single-stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors
stepper motor control.pptx
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
stepper motor control.pptx
When no current is flowing in the stator coil
Multi-stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors
stepper motor control.pptx
Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
Hybrid Stepper Motors
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Holding torque is the amount of torque required to move a step motor out of position in an energized state. It becomes the holding torque at rest and equals the motor torque sensitivity (Kt) times the current applied to the motor windings. If you try to turn it forcibly while stopped, you experience a resistive force.
TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Pull-out torque is the maximum torque that can be delivered without losing steps. It reaches its maximum at the lowest frequency or speed, and decreases as frequency increases. If the load on the stepping motor during rotation increases beyond the pull-out torque, the motor will fall out of step and accurate operation will not be possible. Pull-out torque is typically the most emphasized of the four characteristics and is represented by the pull-out torque curve or slew rate showing torque vs speed (frequency). Pull-in torque is the maximum torque at which a motor can start rotating at a given frequency. The stepper cannot start rotation with the load torque exceeding the pull-in torque. The pull-in torque also decreases as the frequency increases and is represented by the pull-in torque curve showing torque vs speed (frequency).
TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Detent torque is the torque present in the unenergized state due to the interaction of the permanent magnets and stator teeth. A noticeable disturbance or cogging can be felt by rotating the motor by hand. When the pull-out torque is insufficient Generally, a stepper motor will lose synchronization when the pull-out torque is exceeded due to overload. Motors are often selected and evaluated using pull-out torque values above the requirements for the application to prevent lost counts or motor stalls. When the pull-in torque is insufficient The motor must be gradually accelerated from a low frequency, and it is not possible to make a quick start/stop. The greater the inertia (mass) of the load, the harder it will be to start and stop. When the holding torque is insufficient It will not be possible to hold the position while the power is on. When the detent torque is insufficient The motor will spin freely.
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
stepper motor control.pptx
Advantages & Disadvantages Of Stepper Motors
APPLICATIONS
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stepper motor control.pptx

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stepper motor control.pptx

  • 2. CONTENTS Stepper motor introduction Classification Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors torque characteristics associated with stepper motors Drive circuits for stepper motors Advantages & Disadvantages Of Stepper Motors Applications of stepper motors
  • 3. What Is Stepper Motor ? Stepper or Stepping motor can be considered as a Digital Electro-mechanical Device
  • 5. Digital Electro-mechanical Device But, Control is not in our hands Replace the Magnets with Electro-Magnets
  • 6. Stepper motor is a digital electro-mechanical device which converts Electrical Pulses into Discrete Mechanical Motion
  • 7. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 9. Driving Modes Of Stepper Motor
  • 13. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 16. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 17. Variable reluctance stepper motors What is Reluctance ? Electrical Domain: Resistance The property of a conductor by virtue of which it opposes the flow of electric current through it is called resistance. Resistance opposes Current Magnetic Domain: Reluctance Reluctance opposes Flux Speed breaker opposes speed of the Vehicle
  • 19. Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor Create High and Low Reluctance areas
  • 21. In Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors, Attraction and Repulsion forces were used for generating Torque. In Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors, Un even air gaps were used for generating Torque. Reluctance Torque
  • 26. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 29. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 31. When no current is flowing in the stator coil
  • 34. Classification of stepper motors Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Disk-type Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Single-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Multi-Stack Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors Hybrid Stepper Motors
  • 38. TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Holding torque is the amount of torque required to move a step motor out of position in an energized state. It becomes the holding torque at rest and equals the motor torque sensitivity (Kt) times the current applied to the motor windings. If you try to turn it forcibly while stopped, you experience a resistive force.
  • 39. TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Pull-out torque is the maximum torque that can be delivered without losing steps. It reaches its maximum at the lowest frequency or speed, and decreases as frequency increases. If the load on the stepping motor during rotation increases beyond the pull-out torque, the motor will fall out of step and accurate operation will not be possible. Pull-out torque is typically the most emphasized of the four characteristics and is represented by the pull-out torque curve or slew rate showing torque vs speed (frequency). Pull-in torque is the maximum torque at which a motor can start rotating at a given frequency. The stepper cannot start rotation with the load torque exceeding the pull-in torque. The pull-in torque also decreases as the frequency increases and is represented by the pull-in torque curve showing torque vs speed (frequency).
  • 40. TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH STEPPER MOTORS Detent torque is the torque present in the unenergized state due to the interaction of the permanent magnets and stator teeth. A noticeable disturbance or cogging can be felt by rotating the motor by hand. When the pull-out torque is insufficient Generally, a stepper motor will lose synchronization when the pull-out torque is exceeded due to overload. Motors are often selected and evaluated using pull-out torque values above the requirements for the application to prevent lost counts or motor stalls. When the pull-in torque is insufficient The motor must be gradually accelerated from a low frequency, and it is not possible to make a quick start/stop. The greater the inertia (mass) of the load, the harder it will be to start and stop. When the holding torque is insufficient It will not be possible to hold the position while the power is on. When the detent torque is insufficient The motor will spin freely.
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