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Strawberry dna extraction

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DNA is present in all living cells. To extract DNA from a cell, one must remove the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, and proteins surrounding the DNA. This can be done through the use of soap or detergent to remove the cell membrane, salt to puncture the nuclear membrane, and enzymes to break down proteins. Once these components are removed, the DNA can be separated from other cell materials by filtering and precipitated out of solution using alcohol for collection and examination.

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DNA Extraction from
Is DNA in My Food??? DNA is present in the cells of all living organisms. The process of extracting DNA from a cell is the first step for many laboratory procedures in biotechnology. The scientist must be able to separate DNA from the unwanted substances of the cell gently enough so that the DNA does not denature (break up).
DNA Facts Each cell contains 9 feet of DNA In an average meal, you EAT approximately 55,000,000 cells This is equal to approximately 93,205 miles of DNA
DNA DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells Most cells have the diploid 2n chromosome number Many plants are polyploid (contain several sets of chromosomes) Strawberries are octaploid 8n
DNA DNA is enclosed in a nuclear and a cell membrane made of phospholipids DNA is also coiled around proteins Both the phospholipid layer and the proteins must be removed to see DNA
NUCLEUS with DNA
To Extract DNA, You Must Remove Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Proteins
How Do I Begin? Place the strawberry in a zip lock bag and remove the air Squash the berry with your hand to begin the process
Cell Membrane Cell membranes are made of phospholipids Phospholipids wont dissolve in water What do you use in your home to remove oils from your hands or your dishes? SOAP or DETERGENT!
Soap & Detergent Soap gathers between oil and water capturing the oil in a bubble called a micelle When you wash your hands, the soap carries the oils away Dawn dishwashing works BEST to remove phospholipid membranes
Soap & Detergent By adding a small amount of table salt (NaCl) to the soap solution, the solution can punch holes in the nuclear and cell membranes The soapy solution also helps removes proteins
Another Way to Remove Proteins DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called histones Proteins must be removed to see DNA Enzymes, like the ones found in meat tenderizer, can remove protein
Extracting the DNA The contents of the cell (organelles, proteins, etc.) must be separated from the DNA The larger cell parts can be removed by filtering the solid from the liquid
Extracting DNA To see DNA, it must be extracted or spooled from the remaining liquid you filtered DNA dissolves in water, but NOT in alcohol Adding COLD ALCOHOL will cause DNA to precipitate (separate out) from the liquid filtrate
Collecting the DNA The DNA will appear as a white precipitate once the alcohol is added HOLD THE TUBE by the TOP, not the bottom so the DNA strands wont fragment from the heat of your hands!
Spooling the DNA DNA is sticky and will adhere to other surfaces A glass stirring rod can be used to spool (remove) the DNA by using a turning motion
Strawberry dna extraction

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Strawberry dna extraction

  • 2. Is DNA in My Food??? DNA is present in the cells of all living organisms. The process of extracting DNA from a cell is the first step for many laboratory procedures in biotechnology. The scientist must be able to separate DNA from the unwanted substances of the cell gently enough so that the DNA does not denature (break up).
  • 3. DNA Facts Each cell contains 9 feet of DNA In an average meal, you EAT approximately 55,000,000 cells This is equal to approximately 93,205 miles of DNA
  • 4. DNA DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells Most cells have the diploid 2n chromosome number Many plants are polyploid (contain several sets of chromosomes) Strawberries are octaploid 8n
  • 5. DNA DNA is enclosed in a nuclear and a cell membrane made of phospholipids DNA is also coiled around proteins Both the phospholipid layer and the proteins must be removed to see DNA
  • 7. To Extract DNA, You Must Remove Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Proteins
  • 8. How Do I Begin? Place the strawberry in a zip lock bag and remove the air Squash the berry with your hand to begin the process
  • 9. Cell Membrane Cell membranes are made of phospholipids Phospholipids wont dissolve in water What do you use in your home to remove oils from your hands or your dishes? SOAP or DETERGENT!
  • 10. Soap & Detergent Soap gathers between oil and water capturing the oil in a bubble called a micelle When you wash your hands, the soap carries the oils away Dawn dishwashing works BEST to remove phospholipid membranes
  • 11. Soap & Detergent By adding a small amount of table salt (NaCl) to the soap solution, the solution can punch holes in the nuclear and cell membranes The soapy solution also helps removes proteins
  • 12. Another Way to Remove Proteins DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called histones Proteins must be removed to see DNA Enzymes, like the ones found in meat tenderizer, can remove protein
  • 13. Extracting the DNA The contents of the cell (organelles, proteins, etc.) must be separated from the DNA The larger cell parts can be removed by filtering the solid from the liquid
  • 14. Extracting DNA To see DNA, it must be extracted or spooled from the remaining liquid you filtered DNA dissolves in water, but NOT in alcohol Adding COLD ALCOHOL will cause DNA to precipitate (separate out) from the liquid filtrate
  • 15. Collecting the DNA The DNA will appear as a white precipitate once the alcohol is added HOLD THE TUBE by the TOP, not the bottom so the DNA strands wont fragment from the heat of your hands!
  • 16. Spooling the DNA DNA is sticky and will adhere to other surfaces A glass stirring rod can be used to spool (remove) the DNA by using a turning motion