Stress management
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Stress is inevitable in many jobs due to job responsibilities, which can be caused by individual, group, or organizational factors. Effective stress management requires identifying sources of stress and implementing strategies at the individual, group, and organizational levels to help employees manage stress from their job performance and responsibilities.
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Anatomy of the Larynx
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* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
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**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
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* Composed of two laminae that fuse anteriorly.
2. **Cricoid cartilage**:
* Ring-shaped; **only complete ring** around the airway.
* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
3. **Epiglottis**:
* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
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1. **Arytenoid**:
* Pyramid-shaped; sit on top of cricoid.
* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
2. **Corniculate**:
* Small cartilages sitting atop the arytenoids.
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* Embedded in the aryepiglottic folds; provide structural support.
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> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
| Muscle | Action | Nerve Supply |
| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
| **Thyroarytenoid** | Relaxes vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Posterior cricoarytenoid** | Abducts vocal cords (opens glottis) | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Lateral cricoarytenoid** | Adducts vocal cords | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Transverse & oblique arytenoids** | Closes the posterior glottis | Recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| **Vocalis** | Fine-tunes pitch | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | **Nerve Supply*
* **Motor**:
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* Cricothyroid: **External branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
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* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
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Anatomy of the Larynx
Larynx is a cartilaginous structure located in the **anterior neck** at the level of **C3C6 vertebrae**.
* Also called the **voice box**responsible for **phonation**, **airway protection**, and **breathing regulation**.
**Cartilages of the Larynx**
**Unpaired Cartilages:**
1. **Thyroid cartilage**:
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* Located below thyroid cartilage; articulates with thyroid & arytenoid cartilages.
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* Leaf-shaped elastic cartilage.
* Covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.
**Paired Cartilages:**
1. **Arytenoid**:
* Pyramid-shaped; sit on top of cricoid.
* Attach vocal cords and muscles.
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* Small cartilages sitting atop the arytenoids.
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* Embedded in the aryepiglottic folds; provide structural support.
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> Responsible for controlling **vocal cord movement**.
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| **Cricothyroid** | Tenses vocal cords | External laryngeal nerve |
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* Above vocal cords: **Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve**.
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An overview of the definition and presentation of burnout in healthcare workers, strategies to prevent it and to build resilience. The presentation also explores the barriers and enablers to introducing wellness strategies in organizations.Clinical Signs Overview: PICCKLE Mnemonic
Clinical Signs Overview: PICCKLE MnemonicDr Aman Suresh Tharayil
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This presentation provides a concise yet comprehensive review of common clinical signs and their diagnostic significance, summarized under the acronym PICCKLE Pallor, Icterus, Clubbing, Cyanosis, Koilonychia, Lymphadenopathy, and Edema. Each condition is defined, followed by key causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and clinical relevance. The content is tailored for undergraduate and postgraduate students in medicine and pharmacy, as well as early-career clinicians seeking to reinforce their clinical examination skillsTuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptx
Tuberculosis burden , case finding tools and management .pptxDr. Anu Marhatta
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This presentation is for educational purposes only. Design of cosmeceuticals products;sunprotection,sunscreens
Design of cosmeceuticals products;sunprotection,sunscreensSwami ramanand teerth marathwada university
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Design of cosmeceuticals products and improving the skin to protection sun burning, used sunscreens, sunprotections Biography and Professional Career of Dr. Seth Eidemiller
Biography and Professional Career of Dr. Seth EidemillerDr. Seth Eidemiller
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Dr. Seth A. Eidemiller is a board-certified emergency physician whose professional journey began on a fourth-generation dairy farm in Idaho. Early on, he gained experience through farming, wildfire suppression, and construction work, which gave him a strong foundation in practical skills and resilience. After completing degrees in International Studies and Spanish, he returned to Boise to fulfill the prerequisites for medical school and study laboratory sciences. He then attended the University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, and continued his training with a residency in emergency medicine in Fresno. Today, he serves as Vice Chair of the Chico Emergency Medicine Physician Group.Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on...
Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
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Co-Chairs, Prof. Dr. Patrick Sch旦ffski, MPH, and Breelyn A. Wilky, MD, discuss desmoid tumors in this CME activity titled Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on Gamma Secretase Inhibitors for Progressive Disease. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4iDPUQY. CME credit will be available until June 29, 2026.JUNE 2025 ONCOLOGY CARTOONS BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATRO
JUNE 2025 ONCOLOGY CARTOONS BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATROKanhu Charan
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JUNE 2025 ONCOLOGY CARTOONS BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATROnanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdf
nanoparticle and liposomes ppt .(NTDS)pdfsiddhikalbande
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Nanoparticles and liposomes are advanced carriers used for targeted drug delivery.
Nanoparticles enhance drug effectiveness by directing treatment to specific sites.
Liposomes are biocompatible vesicles that enable controlled and sustained drug release.Drug use in Peptic Ulcer_A complete review.pptx
Drug use in Peptic Ulcer_A complete review.pptxBaasir Umair Khattak
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Open PPT for detail description: Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
Peptic ulcer disease refers to mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 5 mm in the stomach or proximal duodenum, caused primarily by an imbalance between gastric acid/pepsin secretion and mucosal defense mechanisms. The most common etiologies include Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic use of NSAIDs, and physiological stress.
Classification of Peptic Ulcers
Based on Location
Gastric Ulcers Occur in the stomach lining.
Duodenal Ulcers Occur in the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
Based on Etiology
H. pyloriAssociated Ulcers
NSAID-Induced Ulcers
Stress-Related Mucosal Disease (SRMD)
ZollingerEllison Syndrome (gastrinoma-related)
Cushings Ulcer (due to intracranial injury)
Curlings Ulcer (seen in burn patients)
Pharmacological Management
1. Acid Suppression Therapy
Class Examples Mechanism
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole, Pantoprazole Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pump
H2-Receptor Antagonists Ranitidine, Famotidine Block histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion
2. Mucosal Protective Agents
Class Examples Mechanism
Prostaglandin Analogues Misoprostol Increases mucus & bicarbonate; decreases acid; protects mucosa
Mucosal Coating Agents Sucralfate Forms protective barrier over ulcer site
Bismuth Compounds Bismuth subsalicylate Antimicrobial, mucosal protective, and anti-inflammatory
3. Eradication Therapy (for H. pylori)
Combination of:
PPI + Two Antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin + clarithromycin OR metronidazole + tetracycline)
Duration: 714 days depending on local guidelines
See BNF regimens above for detailed protocols
4. Cytoprotective/Adjunctive Agents
Class Examples Role in PUD
Somatostatin Analogues Octreotide Used in bleeding ulcers; reduces splanchnic blood flow and gastric secretions
Antacids Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide Neutralize gastric acid; provide symptomatic relief
Non-Pharmacologic Measures
Avoid NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol, and spicy foods
Small, frequent meals in symptomatic patients
Stress reduction
Endoscopic therapy in case of bleeding or perforation
Surgical Indications (rarely needed)
Perforated ulcer
Gastric outlet obstruction
Refractory ulcers not responding to medical therapy
Severe bleeding unresponsive to endoscopic management
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease is primarily driven by H. pylori infection and NSAID use, with duodenal ulcers more common than gastric. Treatment is tailored based on etiology and includes acid suppression, H. pylori eradication, and mucosal protection. Advanced cases may require somatostatin analogues for hemorrhage control or surgery for complications. Prostaglandin analogues like misoprostol are especially valuable in preventing NSAID-induced ulcers.From Preservation To Regeneration--The Stem Cell Era of Hair Restoration_DrAl...
From Preservation To Regeneration--The Stem Cell Era of Hair Restoration_DrAl...Alan Bauman
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How can the latest in Regenerative Medicine help those suffering from hair loss? Cell Surgical Conference 2025 featured Dr Alan Bauman as a faculty member once again to discuss all things related to hair loss, hair transplantation and the use of regenerative stem cell therapies for hair restoration. Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
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Co-Chairs, Gloria Chiang, MD, and Ana M. Franceschi, MD, PhD, discuss Alzheimers disease in this CME/AAPA activity titled Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontier in Diagnosis and Treatment. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/43CE1XA. CME/AAPA credit will be available until July 3, 2026.An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...Internal medicine department, faculty of Medicine Beni-Suef University Egypt
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An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahmed Yehia EGYSIR Conference Computer aided formulation development optimization
Computer aided formulation development optimizationSwami ramanand teerth marathwada university
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Concept of optimization, optimization parameters, factorial design, optimization technology & screening design. ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdf
ANATOMY OF LARYNX -Prof.Dr.N.Mugunthan, KMMC.pdfKanyakumari Medical Mission Research Center, Muttom
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Winning GAMBITS Against AML: Guidance on Advances & Medical Breakthroughs wit...
Winning GAMBITS Against AML: Guidance on Advances & Medical Breakthroughs wit...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
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Design of cosmeceuticals products;sunprotection,sunscreens
Design of cosmeceuticals products;sunprotection,sunscreensSwami ramanand teerth marathwada university
油
Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on...
Patient-Centric Frameworks in Desmoid Tumors: Integrating Emerging Science on...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...
Alzheimers Disease Neuroradiology Case Conference: Mastering the New Frontie...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
油
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...
An interesting case of facial Swelling in an autoimmune rheumatic disease Ahm...Internal medicine department, faculty of Medicine Beni-Suef University Egypt
油
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