Struct vs Class in Swift

Feb 21, 20170 likes379 views

Structs are preferable to classes in Swift for several reasons: 1. Structs are value types, so copies have independent state, while classes are reference types where copies share the same state. 2. Structs provide value semantics, automatic initializers, and are much faster than classes due to being passed by value rather than reference. 3. As a rule of thumb, use structs when encapsulating simple data or when copies should have independent state, while classes should be used for shared, mutable state or complex frameworks.

STRUCT vs CLASS
Laurentiu Ungur, iOS Developer @P3-Digital Services

Why I should use a struct instead of a
class ?

struct Vehicle {
let model: String
let price: Double
}

enum VehicleType {
case car(licensePlate: String)
case bicycle(chainRings: Int)
}

struct Vehicle {
let model: String
let price: Double
let type: VehicleType
}

let car = Vehicle(model: “X”,
price: 200,
type: .car(licensePlate: “CJ”))
let bicycle = Vehicle(model: “A”,
price: 10,
type: .bicycle(chainRings: 100))

40x
Faster
Swift 1
github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

37 000 000x
Faster
Swift 2 - Whole Module Optimization
github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

14 000 000x
Faster
Swift 3 - Whole Module Optimization
github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

let a = [1, 2, 3]
var b = a // not copied
b.append(4) // now it’s copied

When I should use a struct ?
● The data will be used in code across multiple
threads

When I should use a struct ?
● The data will be used in code across multiple
threads
● Copies should have independent state

When I should use a struct ?
● The data will be used in code across multiple
threads
● Copies should have independent state
● Encapsulates a few relatively simply data
values

When I should use a class ?
● You want to create shared, mutable state

When I should use a class ?
● You want to create shared, mutable state
● You want to create complex frameworks like
Cocoa or Cocoa Touch

Still undecided ?
Design with struct as default,
fallback to class if it’s really needed.

Structs are value types that allocate memory on the stack, while classes are reference types that allocate objects on the heap. The 'new' operator is used to instantiate structs and classes, which for structs always initializes fields, while for classes uses parameterless constructors if defined or adds a default one. Equality for structs uses both '==' and 'Equals()' by comparing fields, while for classes '==' compares references and 'Equals()' is implemented by the class.

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Struct vs Class in Swift

1. STRUCT vs CLASS Laurentiu Ungur, iOS Developer @P3-Digital Services

2. Why I should use a struct instead of a class ?

3. 1. POWERFUL

4. PROBLEM WITH SUBCLASSING ?

5. struct Vehicle { let model: String let price: Double }

6. enum VehicleType { case car(licensePlate: String) case bicycle(chainRings: Int) }

7. struct Vehicle { let model: String let price: Double let type: VehicleType }

8. let car = Vehicle(model: “X”, price: 200, type: .car(licensePlate: “CJ”)) let bicycle = Vehicle(model: “A”, price: 10, type: .bicycle(chainRings: 100))

9. 2. VALUE SEMANTICS

10. 3. AUTOMATIC INITIALIZER

11. struct Car { let brand: String let model: String let price: Double }

12. struct Car { let brand: String let model: String let price: Double init(brand: String, model: String, price: Double) { self.brand = brand self.model = model self.price = price } } let myCar = Car(brand: “Tesla”, model: “S”, price: 100)

13. struct Car { let brand: String let model: String let price: Double } let myCar = Car(brand: “Tesla”, model: “S”, price: 100)

14. 4. SPEED

15. 40x Faster Swift 1 github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

16. 37 000 000x Faster Swift 2 - Whole Module Optimization github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

17. 14 000 000x Faster Swift 3 - Whole Module Optimization github.com/knguyen2708/StructVsClassPerformance

18. Use final keyword

19. unsplash.com/collections/328902/cow

20. COW (Copy-On-Write)

21. let a = [1, 2, 3] var b = a // not copied b.append(4) // now it’s copied

22. When I should use a struct ? ● The data will be used in code across multiple threads

23. When I should use a struct ? ● The data will be used in code across multiple threads ● Copies should have independent state

24. When I should use a struct ? ● The data will be used in code across multiple threads ● Copies should have independent state ● Encapsulates a few relatively simply data values

25. When I should use a class ? ● You want to create shared, mutable state

26. When I should use a class ? ● You want to create shared, mutable state ● You want to create complex frameworks like Cocoa or Cocoa Touch

27. Still undecided ? Design with struct as default, fallback to class if it’s really needed.

28. THANKS !

狠狠撸

Struct vs Class in Swift

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