Strutture linguistiche u2
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The document provides an overview of several key linguistic structures covered in Unit 2 of an Italian diploma course, including: 1) Regular verb conjugations in the present tense for -ere and -ire verbs. 2) Irregular verbs fare and stare. 3) Phrases using the verb avere. 4) The definite article. 5) Masculine and feminine professions. 6) Agreement of nouns, adjectives and articles. 7) Common prepositions like a, da, di, and in. 8) Interrogative words like chi, cosa, dove, and quando.
Strutture linguistiche u2
- 1. DIPLOMA IN ITALIAN Strutture linguistiche U2 Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 2. Strutture linguistiche Structures encountered in Unit 2: Present tense of regular verbs Irregular verbs: fare, stare Phrases with avere Definite article Professions: masculine / feminine Agreement noun/adjective Prepositions: in, a, da, di Interrogative words Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 3. VERBI (2) PRESENTE DEI VERBI REGOLARI IN -ere/ -ire Present tense of regular verbs ending in -ere; -ire Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 4. Italian verb endings As you already know, the infinitive of all Italian regular verbs ends in are, -ere or ire. In Unit 1, we have already seen the present tense of verbs in are. Now we consider verbs ending in ere and ire. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 5. Verbs in ere: CHIEDERE (to ask) ire: SENTIRE (to hear/listen) FINIRE (to finish) Chiedere, sentire and finire are regular verbs. To form the present tense of these and all other regular verbs in ere/ ire, just drop ERE/IRE and add the endings shown in the table: Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 6. chiedere sentire finire io chied-o sent-o fin-isco tu chied-i sent-i fin-isci lui/lei/Lei chied-e sent-e fin-isce noi chied-iamo sent-iamo fin-iamo voi chied-ete sent-ite fin-ite loro chied-ono sent-ono fin-iscono Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 7. Like finire The following are some of the most common verbs which follow the same pattern as FINIRE: Capire (to understand) Costruire (to build) Preferire (to prefer) Pulire (to clean) Spedire (to post) Unire (to unite, join, link) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 8. VERBI IRREGOLARI Irregular verbs Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 9. Verbi irregolari There are several irregular verbs in Italian. We will learn a few at the time. You already know essere and avere. Here are fare, stare. NB: stare (to be) is used to express being well/unwell (sto bene/male) or being in a place (sto a casa). Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 10. fare stare (to do / make) (to be / stay) io faccio sto tu fai stai lui/lei/Lei fa sta noi facciamo stiamo voi fate state loro fanno stanno Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 11. ESPRESSIONI CON AVERE Phrases with Avere Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 13. Quanti anni hai? NB: To ask how old are you? we say: Quanti anni hai? The answer is either just a number or the full sentence: 38. Ho 38 anni. Ho 38 IS NOT CORRECT! Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 14. ARTICOLO DETERMINATIVO Definite article (= the) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 15. Forms MASCHILE SINGOLARE PLURALE IL il gatto I i gatti L lamico GLI gli amici LO lo studente gli studenti lo zaino gli zaini lo psicologo gli psicologi FEMMINILE SINGOLARE PLURALE LA la gatta LE le gatte L lamica le amiche Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 16. Use (1) IL before a singular masculine noun starting with a consonant. LO before a singular masculine noun starting with S + consonant, Z, PS, GN. L before a singular masculine or feminine noun starting with a vowel. L is never used in the plural! I before a plural masculine noun starting with a consonant. GLI before a plural masculine noun starting with a vowel, S + consonant, Z, PS, GN. LE before a plural feminine noun. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 17. Use (2) Unlike English, we use the definite article 1) with countries/continents: lItalia, lIrlanda, la Francia, lEuropa. (BUT: in Italia, in Irlanda, ecc.). 2) with abstract nouns: la libert, lamore, ecc. 3) with names of languages (however with the verbs studiare and parlare the use is optional): litaliano 竪 una lingua romanza. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 18. PROFESSIONI: femminile e maschile Professions: masculine and feminine Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 19. Professioni: endings and gender ENDING MASCULINE FEMININE -aio / -aia operaio operaia -iere/-iera cameriere cameriera -ista giornalista -ore/oressa dottore dottoressa -tore/-trice* attore attrice * Many professions in tore do not have the feminine: agricoltore, minatore, ecc. Many professions do not have a different ending for the feminine: ingegnere, avvocato, ecc. Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 20. ACCORDO: ARTICOLI, SOSTANTIVI E AGGETTIVI Agreement: articles, nouns and adjectives (For singular/plural of nouns, see Unit Preliminare Sostantivi) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 21. Agreement Articles and adjectives must agree in gender and number (singular/plural) with the noun they refer to. un lavoro faticoso, i lavori faticosi una cameriera svelta le cameriere svelte (fast) This DOES NOT mean that adjective and noun must have the same ending: un lavoro stressante, i lavori stressanti; una cameriera efficiente le cameriere efficienti (stressante/efficiente end in e in the singular and i in the plural for both feminine and masculine.) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 22. PREPOSIZIONI: A DA DI IN Prepositions: a da di in Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 23. Use of a / in da di A Abito a Galway. (to be in a town / La Fontana di Trevi 竪 a Roma. city / small Vivo a Capri. island ) IN Abito in Irlanda. (to be in a La Fontana di Trevi 竪 in Italia. country / Siamo in Europa continent / large Vivo in Sicilia. island) DA Veniamo da Napoli. (to come from a town/city) (to express Da quanto tempo (+ present tense)? How long? length of time) Lavora a Pescara da tre anni (S)he has been living in Pescara for three years DI Siamo di Milano. (to be from a town /city) Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 24. INTERROGATIVI Interrogative words and expressions Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin
- 25. Interrogativi CHI? Who? CHE COSA / COSA/ CHE? What? DOVE? Where? QUANDO? When? DA QUANTO TEMPO? How long? PERCH? Why? COME MAI? Why? COME? How? QUANTO/A - QUANTI/E How much / how many? Dr Laura Incalcaterra McLoughlin